[RFR2] po4a://project-history/po4a/po/fr.po 286t,30f,11u

[Steve Petruzzello <dlist@bluewin.ch>]

Salut Baptiste,

Merci pour la relecture. Par contre pas compris tu mets un espace
insécable pour les nombres > 1000. Je trouve que ça fait bizarre et il
ne me semble pas qu'on ait jamais fait ça. Donc je n'ai pas repris, mais
je veux bien les rajouter si vraiment c'est nécessaire.

Suite à ta demande, je mets le fichier entier dans lequel je vais
repasser pour essayer de standardiser les formulations, mais je ne vais
pas pouvoir le faire avant quelques jours.

Bon week-end !

Steve

# French translation of the project-history web page
# Copyright (C) 1998, 2000, 2005, 2006, 2010, 2012, 2013 Debian French l10n Team <debian-l10n-french@lists.debian.org>
# This file is distributed under the same license as the debian-history package.
#
# Jérôme Rousselot <r.jerome@francemel.com>, 1998.
# Patrice Karatchentzeff <p.karatchentzeff@free.fr>, 2000.
# Simon Paillard <simon.paillard@enst-bretagne.fr>, 2005, 2006.
# Steve Petruzzello <dlist@bluewin.ch>, 2010, 2012, 2013.
# Christian Perrier <bubulle@debian.org>, 2013.
# Steve Petruzzello <dlist@bluewin.ch>, 2017, 2019
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: 2.13\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-09-23 23:55+0900\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-03-21 09:00+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Steve Petruzzello <dlist@bluewin.ch>\n"
"Language-Team: French <debian-l10n-french@lists.debian.org>\n"
"Language: fr\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: utf-8\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1);\n"
"X-Generator: Lokalize 1.4\n"

#. type: Attribute 'lang' of: <book>
#: project-history.en.dbk:8
msgid "en"
msgstr "en"

#. type: Content of: <book><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:10
msgid "A Brief History of Debian"
msgstr "Bref historique de Debian"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><releaseinfo>
#: project-history.en.dbk:14
msgid "version: &pubversion; (&pubdate;)"
msgstr "version : &pubversion; (&pubdate;)"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><abstract><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:18
msgid "This document describes the history and goals of the Debian project."
msgstr "Ce document décrit l'histoire et les objectifs du projet Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice>
#: project-history.en.dbk:24
msgid ""
"<copyright> <year>1999-2018</year> <holder> <personname>Debian Documentation "
"Team</personname> <email>debian-doc@lists.debian.org</email> </holder> </"
"copyright>"
msgstr ""
"<copyright> <year>1999-2018</year> <holder> <personname>Debian Documentation "
"Team</personname> <email>debian-doc@lists.debian.org</email> </holder> </"
"copyright>"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><authorgroup><author><personname>
#: project-history.en.dbk:33
msgid "Debian Documentation Team"
msgstr "Projet de documentation Debian"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><authorgroup><author><email>
#: project-history.en.dbk:33
msgid "debian-doc@lists.debian.org"
msgstr "debian-doc@lists.debian.org"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:37
msgid ""
"This document may be freely redistributed or modified in any form provided "
"your changes are clearly documented."
msgstr ""
"Ce document peut être librement redistribué ou modifié tant que vos "
"modifications sont clairement mentionnées."

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:40
msgid ""
"This document may be redistributed for fee or free, and may be modified "
"(including translation from one type of media or file format to another or "
"from one spoken language to another) provided that all changes from the "
"original are clearly marked as such."
msgstr ""
"Ce document peut être redistribué contre paiement ou gratuitement, et peut "
"être modifié (sont concernées les conversions d'un type de média ou de "
"format de fichier vers un autre ainsi que les traductions d'une langue vers "
"une autre), pourvu que vos modifications soient clairement indiquées comme "
"telles."

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:46
msgid "Significant contributions were made to this document by"
msgstr ""
"Les contributions significatives à l'élaboration du présent document ont été "
"faites par :"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:51
msgid "Javier Fernández-Sanguino <email>jfs@debian.org</email>"
msgstr "Javier Fernández-Sanguino <email>jfs@debian.org</email>"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:56
msgid "Bdale Garbee <email>bdale@debian.org</email>"
msgstr "Bdale Garbee <email>bdale@debian.org</email>"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:61
msgid "Hartmut Koptein <email>koptein@debian.org</email>"
msgstr "Hartmut Koptein <email>koptein@debian.org</email>"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:66
msgid "Nils Lohner <email>lohner@debian.org</email>"
msgstr "Nils Lohner <email>lohner@debian.org</email>"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:71
msgid "Will Lowe <email>lowe@debian.org</email>"
msgstr "Will Lowe <email>lowe@debian.org</email>"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:76
msgid "Bill Mitchell <email>Bill.Mitchell@pobox.com</email>"
msgstr "Bill Mitchell <email>Bill.Mitchell@pobox.com</email>"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:81
msgid "Ian Murdock"
msgstr "Ian Murdock"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:86
msgid "Martin Schulze <email>joey@debian.org</email>"
msgstr "Martin Schulze <email>joey@debian.org</email>"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:91
msgid "Craig Small <email>csmall@debian.org</email>"
msgstr "Craig Small <email>csmall@debian.org</email>"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:96
msgid ""
"This document is primarily maintained by Bdale Garbee <email>bdale@debian."
"org</email>."
msgstr ""
"Ce document est actuellement maintenu principalement par Bdale Garbee "
"<email>bdale@debian.org</email>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:104
msgid "Introduction -- What is the Debian Project?"
msgstr "Introduction — Qu'est-ce que le Projet Debian ?"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:106
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/\";>The Debian Project</ulink> is a "
"worldwide group of volunteers who endeavor to produce an operating system "
"distribution that is composed entirely of free software.  The principle "
"product of the project to date is the Debian GNU/Linux software "
"distribution, which includes the Linux operating system kernel, and "
"thousands of prepackaged applications.  Various processor types are "
"supported to one extent or another, including 32 and 64 bit x86, ARM, MIPS, "
"PowerPC and IBM S/390."
msgstr ""
"Le <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/\";>projet Debian</ulink> est un groupe "
"mondial de volontaires qui s'efforcent de produire un système d'exploitation "
"qui soit composé exclusivement de logiciels libres. Le principal produit de "
"ce projet est la distribution Debian GNU/Linux, qui inclut le noyau Linux "
"ainsi que des milliers d'applications préempaquetées. Divers types de "
"processeurs sont gérés à des degrés divers, en incluant les architectures "
"x86 32 ou 64 bits, ARM, MIPS, PowerPC et IBM S/390."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:115
msgid ""
"Debian motivated the formation of <ulink url=\"http://www.spi-inc.org/";
"\">Software in the Public Interest, Inc.,</ulink> a New York-based non-"
"profit organization.  SPI was founded to help Debian and other similar "
"organizations develop and distribute open hardware and software.  Among "
"other things, SPI provides a mechanism by which The Debian Project may "
"accept contributions that are tax deductible in the United States."
msgstr ""
"Debian a encouragé la formation de <ulink url=\"http://www.spi-inc.orgi/";
"\">Software in the Public Interest, Inc.,</ulink> une organisation à but non "
"lucratif basée à New York. SPI a été fondée pour aider Debian et d'autres "
"organisations similaires à développer et distribuer du matériel et des "
"programmes ouverts. Entre autres, SPI fournit un mécanisme permettant au "
"Projet Debian d'accepter des dons qui peuvent être défiscalisés au États-"
"Unis d'Amérique."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:123
msgid ""
"For more information about free software, see the <ulink url=\"http://www.";
"debian.org/social_contract\">Debian Social Contract</ulink> and associated "
"Debian Free Software Guidelines, or the <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/";
"intro/free\">Debian What Does Free Mean?</ulink> page."
msgstr ""
"Pour en apprendre davantage sur le logiciel libre, vous pouvez lire la page "
"du <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/social_contract\";>Contrat social de "
"Debian</ulink> ainsi que le document associé des directives pour le logiciel "
"libre Debian ou encore la page <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/intro/free";
"\">Que signifie libre pour Debian ?</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:129
msgid "In the Beginning"
msgstr "Au début"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:131
msgid ""
"The Debian Project was officially founded by Ian Murdock on <ulink url="
"\"https://groups.google.com/forum/message/raw?msg=comp.os.linux.development/";
"Md3Modzg5TU/xty88y5OLaMJ\">August 16th, 1993</ulink>.  (There is also a "
"<ulink url=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/iamurdock/20006308374/\";>scanned "
"printout</ulink> of that announcement.) At that time, the whole concept of a "
"\"distribution\" of Linux was new.  Ian intended Debian to be a distribution "
"which would be made openly, in the spirit of Linux and GNU (read his "
"manifesto provided as an appendix to this document for more details).  The "
"creation of Debian was sponsored by the FSF's GNU project for one year "
"(November 1994 to November 1995)."
msgstr ""
"Le Projet Debian a été officiellement fondé par Ian Murdock le <ulink url="
"\"https://groups.google.com/forum/message/raw?msg=comp.os.linux.development/";
"Md3Modzg5TU/xty88y5OLaMJ\">16 août 1993</ulink>. (Il existe également un "
"<ulink url=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/iamurdock/20006308374/\";>document "
"numérisé</ulink> de cette annonce). À cette époque, le concept même de "
"« distribution Linux » était totalement novateur. Ian souhaitait que Debian "
"soit une distribution construite de manière ouverte, dans l'esprit du "
"développement du noyau Linux et de GNU (lisez son manifeste fourni en "
"appendice à ce document pour en connaître davantage). La création de Debian "
"a été parrainée par le Projet GNU de la FSF pendant une année (novembre 1994 "
"à novembre 1995)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:143
msgid ""
"Debian was meant to be carefully and conscientiously put together, and to be "
"maintained and supported with similar care.  It started as a small, tightly-"
"knit group of Free Software hackers, and gradually grew to become a large, "
"well-organized community of developers and users."
msgstr ""
"Debian voulait être élaborée soigneusement et consciencieusement, maintenue "
"et gérée avec autant d'attention.  Cela a commencé par un petit groupe de "
"hackers du logiciel libre qui grandit pour devenir une grande communauté "
"organisée de développeurs et d'utilisateurs."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:149
msgid ""
"When it began, Debian was the only distribution that was open for every "
"developer and user to contribute their work.  It remains the most "
"significant distributor of Linux that is not a commercial entity.  It is the "
"only large project with a constitution, social contract, and policy "
"documents to organize the project.  Debian is also the only distribution "
"which is \"micro packaged\" using detailed dependency information regarding "
"inter-package relationships to ensure system consistency across upgrades."
msgstr ""
"À ses débuts, Debian était la seule distribution ouverte aux contributions "
"de tout développeur ou utilisateur.  C'est toujours le seul distributeur "
"Linux majeur qui ne soit pas une entité commerciale.  C'est le seul projet "
"important disposant d'une constitution, d'un contrat social et de chartes "
"pour organiser le projet.  Debian est également la seule distribution "
"« microempaquetée » utilisant des informations détaillées sur les "
"dépendances entre les paquets, afin d'assurer la cohérence du système lors "
"des mises à jour."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:158
msgid ""
"To achieve and maintain high standards of quality, Debian has adopted an "
"extensive set of policies and procedures for packaging and delivering "
"software.  These standards are backed up by tools, automation, and "
"documentation implementing all of Debian's key elements in an open and "
"visible way."
msgstr ""
"Pour atteindre et maintenir de hauts standards de qualité, Debian a adopté "
"un vaste ensemble de chartes et de procédures pour l'empaquetage et la mise "
"à disposition des logiciels.  Ces standards sont soutenus par des outils, de "
"l'automatisation et de la documentation qui implémentent tous les éléments "
"clés de Debian d'une manière ouverte et transparente."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:165
msgid "Pronouncing Debian"
msgstr "Comment prononcer Debian ?"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:167
msgid ""
"The official pronunciation of Debian is 'deb ee n'.  The name comes from the "
"names of the creator of Debian, Ian Murdock, and his wife, Debra."
msgstr ""
"La prononciation officielle de Debian est « déb-yann ».  Le nom tire son "
"origine des prénoms du créateur de Debian, Ian Murdock, et de son épouse, "
"Debra."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:174
msgid "Leadership"
msgstr "Chefs du projet Debian"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:176
msgid "Debian has had several leaders since its beginnings in 1993."
msgstr "Debian a eu plusieurs dirigeants depuis ses débuts en 1993."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:179
msgid "Ian Murdock founded Debian in August 1993 and led it until March 1996."
msgstr ""
"Ian Murdock a fondé Debian en août 1993 et a mené le projet jusqu'en "
"mars 1996."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:182
msgid "Bruce Perens led Debian from April 1996 until December 1997."
msgstr "Bruce Perens a dirigé Debian d'avril 1996 à décembre 1997."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:185
msgid "Ian Jackson led Debian from January 1998 until December 1998."
msgstr "Ian Jackson a dirigé Debian de janvier 1998 à décembre 1998."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:188
msgid "Wichert Akkerman led Debian from January 1999 until March 2001."
msgstr "Wichert Akkerman a dirigé Debian de janvier 1999 à mars 2001."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:191
msgid "Ben Collins led Debian from April 2001 until April 2002."
msgstr "Ben Collins a dirigé Debian d'avril 2001 à avril 2002."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:194
msgid "Bdale Garbee led Debian from April 2002 until April 2003."
msgstr "Bdale Garbee a dirigé Debian d'avril 2002 à avril 2003."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:197
msgid "Martin Michlmayr led Debian from March 2003 until March 2005."
msgstr "Martin Michlmayr a dirigé Debian de mars 2003 à mars 2005."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:200
msgid "Branden Robinson led Debian from April 2005 until April 2006."
msgstr "Branden Robinson a dirigé Debian d'avril 2005 à avril 2006."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:203
msgid "Anthony Towns led Debian from April 2006 until April 2007."
msgstr "Anthony Towns a dirigé Debian d'avril 2006 à avril 2007."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:206
msgid "Sam Hocevar led Debian from April 2007 until April 2008."
msgstr "Sam Hocevar a dirigé Debian d'avril  2007 à avril 2008."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:209
msgid "Steve McIntyre led Debian from April 2008 until April 2010."
msgstr "Steve McIntyre a dirigé Debian d'avril 2008 à avril 2010."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:212
msgid "Stefano Zacchiroli led Debian from April 2010 until April 2013."
msgstr "Stefano Zacchiroli a dirigé Debian d'avril 2010 à avril 2013."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:215
msgid "Lucas Nussbaum led Debian from April 2013 until April 2015."
msgstr "Lucas Nussbaum a dirigé Debian d'avril 2013 à avril 2015."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:218
msgid "Neil McGovern led Debian from April 2015 until April 2016."
msgstr "Neil McGovern a dirigé Debian d'avril 2015 à avril 2016."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:221
msgid "Mehdi Dogguy led Debian from April 2016 until April 2017."
msgstr "Mehdi Dogguy a dirigé Debian d'avril 2016 à avril 2017. "

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:224
msgid "Chris Lamb was elected in April 2017 and is our current leader."
msgstr "Chris Lamb a été élu en avril 2017 et est notre chef de projet actuel."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:228
msgid "Debian Releases"
msgstr "Les versions de Debian"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:230
msgid "Debian 0.01 through 0.90 (August-December 1993)"
msgstr "Debian 0.01 jusqu'à 0.90 (d'août à décembre 1993)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:233
msgid ""
"Debian 0.91 (January 1994): This release had a simple package system which "
"could install and uninstall packages.  The project had grown to several "
"dozen people at this point."
msgstr ""
"Debian 0.91 (janvier 1994) : cette version avait un système de paquets "
"simpliste qui permettait d'installer et de désinstaller des paquets.  Le "
"projet est passé à plusieurs dizaines de personnes à ce moment."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:238
msgid ""
"Debian 0.93R5 (March 1995): Responsibility for each package was clearly "
"assigned to a developer by this point, and the package manager "
"(<command>dpkg</command>) was used to install packages after the "
"installation of a base system."
msgstr ""
"Debian 0.93R5 (mars 1995) : la responsabilité de chaque paquet a été "
"clairement assignée à un développeur à partir de cette date, et le "
"gestionnaire de paquets (<command>dpkg</command>) a été utilisé pour "
"installer les paquets après l'installation d'un système de base."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:244
msgid ""
"Debian 0.93R6 (November 1995): <command>dselect</command> appears.  This was "
"the last Debian release using the a.out binary format; there were about 60 "
"developers.  The first master.debian.org server was built by Bdale Garbee "
"and hosted by HP in parallel with the 0.93R6 release.  The deployment of an "
"explicit master server on which Debian developers would construct each "
"release led directly to the formation of the Debian mirror network, and "
"indirectly to the development of many of the policies and procedures used to "
"manage the project today."
msgstr ""
"Debian 0.93R6 (novembre 1995) : apparition de <command>dselect</command>.  "
"Ce fut la dernière version de Debian au format binaire a.out.  Il y avait "
"environ 60 développeurs.  Le premier serveur master.debian.org a été "
"construit par Bdale Garbee et hébergé par HP, parallèlement au développement "
"de la version 0.93R6. Le déploiement d'un serveur maître explicite, sur "
"lequel les développeurs Debian construiraient chaque version, a conduit "
"directement à la création d'un réseau de miroirs Debian, et indirectement au "
"développement de nombreuses chartes et procédures utilisées aujourd'hui pour "
"gérer le projet."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:254
msgid ""
"Debian 1.0 was never released: InfoMagic, a CD vendor, accidentally shipped "
"a development release of Debian and entitled it 1.0.  On December 11th 1995, "
"Debian and InfoMagic jointly announced that this release was screwed.  Bruce "
"Perens explains that the data placed on the \"InfoMagic Linux Developer's "
"Resource 5-CD Set November 1995\" as \"Debian 1.0\" is not the Debian 1.0 "
"release, but an early development version which is only partially in the ELF "
"format, will probably not boot or run correctly, and does not represent the "
"quality of a released Debian system.  To prevent confusion between the "
"premature CD version and the actual Debian release, the Debian Project has "
"renamed its next release to \"Debian 1.1\".  The premature Debian 1.0 on CD "
"is deprecated and should not be used."
msgstr ""
"Debian 1.0 n'est jamais parue : « InfoMagic », un revendeur de cédéroms, "
"livra accidentellement la version de développement de Debian sous le "
"nom 1.0. En décembre 1995, Debian et InfoMagic annoncèrent conjointement que "
"cette version était déclarée radiée. Bruce Perens expliquait alors que les "
"fichiers présents dans le « InfoMagic Linux Developer's Resource 5-CD Set "
"November 1995 » annoncé comme « Debian 1.0 » ne constituaient pas la "
"version 1.0 de Debian, mais une version de développement précédente qui "
"n'était que partiellement au format ELF, ne s'amorçait probablement pas "
"correctement, et ne représentait pas la qualité d'un système Debian "
"officiel. Pour éviter la confusion entre cette version prématurée et la "
"version réelle de Debian, le projet Debian a renommé sa version suivante "
"« Debian 1.1 ». La version prématurée de Debian 1.0 sur cédérom n'est pas "
"reconnue et ne devrait pas être utilisée."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:267
msgid ""
"The hosting of master.debian.org moved from HP to i-Connect.Net around the "
"end of 1995.  Michael Neuffer and Shimon Shapiro, founders of i-Connect.Net, "
"hosted master on their own hardware for a little more than a year.  During "
"this time, they provided many services to Debian, including running what was "
"essentially the New Maintainer process of the day, and significantly aiding "
"the growth of the early Debian mirror network."
msgstr ""
"L'hébergement de master.debian.org a été déplacé de HP à i-Connect.Net à la "
"fin de l'année 1995. Michael Neuffer et Shimon Shapiro, fondateurs de i-"
"Connect.Net, ont hébergé master sur leur propre matériel pendant un peu plus "
"d'une année. Pendant cette période, ils ont proposé de nombreux services à "
"Debian, en incluant le processus de nouveau mainteneur et en aidant "
"significativement la croissance du nouveau réseau de miroirs Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:275
msgid ""
"Debian 1.1 <emphasis>Buzz</emphasis> (June 17th, 1996): This was the first "
"Debian release with a code name.  It was taken, like all others so far, from "
"a character in one of the <emphasis>Toy Story</emphasis> movies...  in this "
"case, Buzz Lightyear.  By this time, Bruce Perens had taken over leadership "
"of the Project from Ian Murdock, and Bruce was working at Pixar, the company "
"that produced the movies.  This release was fully ELF, used Linux kernel "
"2.0, and contained 474 packages."
msgstr ""
"Debian 1.1 <emphasis>Buzz</emphasis> (17 juin 1996) : ce fut la première "
"version de Debian portant un nom de code. Il a été choisi, comme tous les "
"autres par la suite, d'après les personnages du film <emphasis>Toy Story</"
"emphasis>...  et dans le cas présent d'après celui de <emphasis>Buzz "
"Lightyear</emphasis> (Buzz l'éclair). À ce moment, Bruce Perens prenait la "
"succession de Ian Murdock à la direction du projet Debian.  Celui-ci "
"travaillait alors pour Pixar, la société qui produisait ces films.  Cette "
"version était 100 % ELF, utilisait le noyau Linux 2.0 et contenait "
"474 paquets."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:284
msgid ""
"Debian 1.2 <emphasis>Rex</emphasis> (December 12th, 1996): Named for the "
"plastic dinosaur in the <emphasis>Toy Story</emphasis> movies.  This release "
"consisted of 848 packages maintained by 120 developers"
msgstr ""
"Debian 1.2 <emphasis>Rex</emphasis> (12 décembre 1996) : ce nom est celui du "
"dinosaure en plastique du film. Cette version consistait en 848 paquets "
"entretenus par 120 développeurs."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:289
msgid ""
"Debian 1.3 <emphasis>Bo</emphasis> (June 5th, 1997): Named for Bo Peep, the "
"shepherdess.  This release consisted of 974 packages maintained by 200 "
"developers."
msgstr ""
"Debian 1.3 <emphasis>Bo</emphasis> (5 juin 1997) : ce nom est tiré de « Bo "
"Beep », la bergère. 974 paquets et 200 développeurs."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:294
msgid ""
"Debian 2.0 <emphasis>Hamm</emphasis> (July 24th, 1998): Named for the piggy-"
"bank in the <emphasis>Toy Story</emphasis> movies.  This was the first multi-"
"architecture release of Debian, adding support for the Motorola 68000 series "
"architectures.  With Ian Jackson as Project Leader, this release made the "
"transition to libc6, and consisted of over 1500 packages maintained by over "
"400 developers."
msgstr ""
"Debian 2.0 <emphasis>Hamm</emphasis> (24 juillet 1998) : nom du cochon du "
"film. Ce fût la première version multi-architecture de Debian, avec la "
"gestion de l'architecture 68k de Motorola.  Cette version (encadrée par Ian "
"Jackson comme chef de projet) a marqué la transition vers la bibliothèque "
"libc6, proposait plus de 1500 paquets et était produite par 400 développeurs."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:302
msgid ""
"Debian 2.1 <emphasis>Slink</emphasis> (March 9th, 1999): Named for the "
"slinky-dog in the movie.  Two more architectures were added, <ulink url="
"\"http://www.debian.org/ports/alpha/\";>Alpha</ulink> and <ulink url=\"http://";
"www.debian.org/ports/sparc/\">SPARC</ulink>.  With Wichert Akkerman as "
"Project Leader, this release consisted of about 2250 packages and required 2 "
"CDs in the official set.  The key technical innovation was the introduction "
"of apt, a new package management interface.  Widely emulated, apt addressed "
"issues resulting from Debian's continuing growth, and established a new "
"paradigm for package acquisition and installation on Open Source operating "
"systems."
msgstr ""
"Debian 2.1 <emphasis>Slink>/emphasis> (sortie le 9 mars 1999) : nom du chien "
"du film. Deux architectures ont été ajoutées, <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.";
"org/ports/alpha/\">Alpha</ulink> et <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/";
"sparc/\">SPARC</ulink>. Avec Wichert Akkerman comme Leader du Projet, cette "
"version consistait d'environ 2250 paquets qui tenait sur deux CD de la suite "
"officielle. L'apport technique majeur était l'introduction de apt, une "
"nouvelle interface de gestion de paquets. Largement imitée, apt répondait "
"aux problèmes résultant de la croissance de Debian et établissait ainsi un "
"nouveau paradigme pour l'acquisition et l'installation sur les systèmes "
"d'exploitation Open Source. "

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:313
msgid ""
"Debian 2.2 <emphasis>Potato</emphasis> (15 August 2000): Named for \"Mr "
"Potato Head\" in the <emphasis>Toy Story</emphasis> movies.  This release "
"added support for the <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/powerpc/";
"\">PowerPC</ulink> and <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/arm/\";>ARM</"
"ulink> architectures.  With Wichert still serving as Project Leader, this "
"release consisted of more than 3900 binary packages derived from over 2600 "
"source packages maintained by more than 450 Debian developers."
msgstr ""
"Debian 2.2 <emphasis>Potato</emphasis> (parue le 15 août 2000) : d'après le "
"nom « Potato Head » des films <emphasis>Toy Story</emphasis>. Cette version "
"ajouta la gestion pour les architectures <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/";
"ports/powerpc/\">PowerPC</ulink> et <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/";
"arm/\">ARM</ulink>. Avec Wichert menant encore le Projet, cette version "
"consistait en plus de 3900 paquets binaires dérivés de plus de 2600 paquets "
"sources maintenus par plus de 450 développeurs Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:322
msgid ""
"Debian 3.0 <emphasis>Woody</emphasis> (19 July 2002): Named for the main "
"character the <emphasis>Toy Story</emphasis> movies: \"Woody\" the cowboy.  "
"Even more architectures were added in this release: <ulink url=\"http://www.";
"debian.org/ports/ia64/\">IA-64</ulink>, <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/";
"ports/hppa/\">HP PA-RISC</ulink>, <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/";
"mips/\">MIPS (big endian)</ulink>, <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/";
"mipsel/\">MIPS (little endian)</ulink> and <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.";
"org/ports/s390/\">S/390</ulink>.  This is also the first release to include "
"cryptographic software due to the restrictions for exportation being "
"<emphasis>lightened</emphasis> in the US, and also the first one to include "
"KDE, now that the license issues with QT were resolved.  With Bdale Garbee "
"recently appointed Project Leader, and more than 900 Debian developers, this "
"release contained around 8,500 binary packages and 7 binary CDs in the "
"official set."
msgstr ""
"Debian 3.0 <emphasis>Woody</emphasis> (parue le 19 juillet 2002) : nom du "
"personnage principal, le cowboy, des films <emphasis>Toy Story</emphasis>. "
"Encore plus d'architectures ont été ajoutées à cette version : <ulink url="
"\"http://www.debian.org/ports/ia64/\";>IA-64</ulink>, <ulink url=\"http://www.";
"debian.org/ports/hppa/\">HP PA-RISC</ulink>, <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.";
"org/ports/mips/\">MIPS (big endian)</ulink>, <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.";
"org/ports/mipsel/\">MIPS (little endian)</ulink> et <ulink url=\"http://www.";
"debian.org/ports/s390/\">S/390</ulink>. C'était également la première "
"version intégrant des logiciels de cryptographie suite aux allégements de "
"restriction à l'exportation aux USA, et aussi la première incluant KDE, les "
"problèmes de licence de QT ayant été résolues. Bdale Garbee ayant été "
"récemment désigné comme chef du Projet, plus de 900 développeurs Debian ont "
"permis la publication de cette version contenant environ 8500 paquets "
"binaires qui tenaient sur un ensemble officiel de 7 CD."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:338
msgid ""
"Debian 3.1 <emphasis>Sarge</emphasis> (6 June 2005): named for the sergeant "
"of the Green Plastic Army Men.  No new architectures were added to the "
"release, although an unofficial AMD64 port was published at the same time "
"and distributed through the new <ulink url=\"https://alioth.debian.org";
"\">Alioth project hosting site</ulink>.  This release features a new "
"installer: <emphasis>debian-installer</emphasis>, a modular piece of "
"software that feature automatic hardware detection, unattended installation "
"features and was released fully translated to over thirty languages.  It was "
"also the first release to include a full office suite: OpenOffice.org.  "
"Branden Robinson had just been appointed as Project Leader.  This release "
"was made by more than nine hundred Debian developers, and contained around "
"15,400 binary packages and 14 binary CDs in the official set."
msgstr ""
"Debian 3.1 <emphasis>Sarge</emphasis> (publiée le 6 juin 2005) : nommée "
"d'après le sergent du « Green Plastic Army Men ». Aucune nouvelle "
"architecture n'a été ajoutée à cette version bien qu'une version AMD64 non "
"officielle ait été publiée au même moment et distribuée via le nouveau "
"<ulink=\"https://alioth.debian.org\";>site d'hébergement de projet Alioth</"
"ulink>. Cette version proposa le nouvel installateur <emphasis>debian-"
"installer</emphasis>, un logiciel modulaire intégrant une détection "
"automatique du matériel, une fonctionnalité d'installation automatique ainsi "
"qu'une traduction dans plus de trente langues. Ce fut également la première "
"version intégrant une suite bureautique complète, OpenOffice.org. Brandon "
"Robinson fût  désigné comme chef du Projet. Plus de 900 développeurs Debian "
"contribuèrent à la publication de cette version qui contenant environ 14500 "
"paquets binaires et qui tenait sur 14 CD."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:352
msgid ""
"Debian 4.0 <emphasis>Etch</emphasis> (8 April 2007): named for the sketch "
"toy in the movie.  One architecture was added in this release: <ulink url="
"\"http://www.debian.org/ports/amd64/\";>AMD64</ulink>, and official support "
"for <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/m68k/\";>m68k</ulink> was "
"dropped.  This release continued using the <emphasis>debian-installer</"
"emphasis>, but featuring in this release a graphical installer, "
"cryptographic verification of downloaded packages, more flexible "
"partitioning (with support for encrypted partitions), simplified mail "
"configuration, a more flexible desktop selection, simplified but improved "
"localization and new modes, including a <emphasis>rescue</emphasis> mode.  "
"New installations would not need to reboot through the installation process "
"as the previous two phases of installation were now integrated.  This new "
"installer provided support for scripts using composed characters and complex "
"languages in its graphical version, increasing the number of available "
"translations to over fifty.  Sam Hocevar was appointed Project Leader the "
"very same day, and the project included more than one thousand and thirty "
"Debian developers.  The release contained around 18,000 binary packages over "
"20 binary CDs (3 DVDs) in the official set.  There were also two binary CDs "
"available to install the system with alternate desktop environments "
"different to the default one."
msgstr ""
"Debian 4.0 (<emphasis>Etch</emphasis>) publiée le 8 avril 2007. Nom de "
"l'ardoise magique dans le film. Une architecture fût ajoutée dans cette "
"version : <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/amd64/\";>AMD64</ulink> et "
"la gestion officielle de <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/m68k/";
"\">m68k</ulink> supprimée. Cette version continua d'utiliser "
"l'<emphasis>installateur Debian</emphasis> classique mais une version "
"graphique y fût ajoutée, ainsi qu'une vérification cryptographique des "
"paquets téléchargés, un partitionnement plus flexible (avec la gestion de "
"partitions chiffrées), une simplification de la configuration des messages "
"électroniques, une sélection plus flexibles des environnements de bureau, "
"une localisation simplifiée mais améliorée et de nouveaux modes incluant un "
"mode de <emphasis>secours</emphasis> (rescue mode). Les nouvelles "
"installations ne requirent plus un redémarrage puisque les deux premières "
"phases d'installations étaient intégrées. Ce nouvel installateur fournissait "
"également la gestion de script utilisant les caractères composés et des "
"langages complexes pour le mode graphique, ce qui amenait le nombre de "
"traductions à plus de cinquante. Sam Hocevar fût élu Chef de projet le même "
"jour et celui-ci comptait plus de 1030 développeurs Debian. Cette version "
"contenait environ 18000 paquets binaires qui prenaient plus de 20 CD (ou "
"3 DVD) dans l'ensemble officiel. Il y avait également 2 CD disponibles pour "
"installer des environnement de bureau différents que celui par défaut."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:373
msgid ""
"Debian 5.0 <emphasis>Lenny</emphasis> (February 2009): named for the wind up "
"binoculars in the <emphasis>Toy Story</emphasis> movies.  One architecture "
"was added in this release: <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/ArmEabiPort";
"\">ARM EABI</ulink> (or <emphasis>armel</emphasis>), providing support for "
"newer ARM processors and deprecating the old ARM port (<emphasis>arm</"
"emphasis>).  The <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/M68k\";>m68k</ulink> "
"port was not included in this release, although it was still provided in the "
"<emphasis>unstable</emphasis> distribution.  This release did not feature "
"the <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/kfreebsd-gnu/\";>FreeBSD port</"
"ulink>, although much work on the port had been done to make it qualify it "
"did not meet yet the <ulink url=\"https://release.debian.org/lenny/";
"arch_qualify.html\">qualification requirements</ulink> for this release."
msgstr ""
"Debian 5.0 (<emphasis>Lenny</emphasis>) fût publiée en février 2009. Nommé "
"d'après les jumelles dans le film. Une architecture fut ajoutée dans cette "
"version : <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/ArmEabiPort\";>ARM EABI</"
"ulink> (ou <emphasis>armel</emphasis>), fournissant la gestion des nouveaux "
"processeurs ARM rendant ainsi obsolète le vieux portage ARM (<emphasis>arm</"
"emphasis>). Le portage <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/M68k\";>m68k</"
"ulink> ne fut pas inclus dans cette version bien qu'il soit toujours fournit "
"dans la distribution <emphasis>unstable</emphasis>. Cette version ne "
"proposait pas non plus le portage <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/";
"kfreebsd-gnu/\">FreeBSD</ulink>, malgré tout le travail pour le rendre "
"<ulink url=\"https://release.debian.org/lenny/arch_qualify.html\";>éligible</"
"ulink>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:388
msgid ""
"Support of small factor devices in this release was increased by the added "
"support for Marvell's Orion platform which was used in many storage devices "
"and also provided supported several Netbooks.  Some new build tools were "
"added which allowed Debian packages to be cross-built and shrunk for "
"embedded ARM systems.  Also, netbooks of varied vendors were now supported "
"and the distribution provided software more suitable for computers with "
"relatively low performance."
msgstr ""
"La gestion des périphériques de petite taille a été améliorée dans cette "
"version par l'ajout de la plateforme Orion de Marvell qui est utilisée dans "
"de nombreux supports de stockage et de Netbooks. De nouveaux outils de "
"construction (build) ont été ajoutés, ce qui a permis aux paquets de Debian "
"d'être compilés de manière croisée et réduits pour les systèmes ARM "
"embarqués. De même, des netbooks de divers marques furent gérés et la "
"distribution fournissait des logiciels plus adaptés pour des ordinateurs "
"ayant des performances relativement faibles."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:397
msgid ""
"It was also the first release to provide free versions of Sun's Java "
"technology, making it possible to provide Java applications in the "
"<emphasis>main</emphasis> section."
msgstr ""
"C'était également la première version qui fournissait la version libre de la "
"technologie Java de Sun, rendant possible la distribution d'applications "
"Java dans la section <emphasis>main</emphasis>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:402
msgid ""
"Debian 6.0 <emphasis>Squeeze</emphasis> (February 2011): named for the green "
"three-eyed aliens."
msgstr ""
"Debian 6.0 <emphasis>Squeeze</emphasis> (février 2011) : nom de "
"l'extraterrestre vert aux trois yeux dans le film."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:406
msgid ""
"The release was frozen on August 6, 2010, with many of the Debian developers "
"gathered at the 10th DebConf at New York City."
msgstr ""
"Cette version a été gelée le 6 août 2010 au cours de la onzième DebConf qui "
"s'est tenue à New York en présence de nombreux développeurs Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:410
msgid ""
"While two architectures (alpha and hppa) were dropped, two architectures of "
"the new <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/kfreebsd-gnu/\";>FreeBSD "
"port</ulink> (kfreebsd-i386 and kfreebsd-amd64) were made available as "
"<emphasis>technology preview</emphasis>, including the kernel and userland "
"tools as well as common server software (though not advanced desktop "
"features yet).  This was the first time a Linux distribution has been "
"extended to also allow use of a non-Linux kernel."
msgstr ""
"Alors que deux architecture furent abandonnées (alpha et hppa), le nouveau "
"portage <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/kfreebsd-gnu/\";>FreeBSD</"
"ulink> (kfreebsd-i386 and kfreebsd-amd64) fut mis à disposition comme "
"<emphasis>aperçu technologique<(emphasis>, incluant le noyau et les outils "
"en espace utilisateur ainsi que les applications serveurs usuelles (mais "
"aucune fonctionnalité de bureau avancée). Ce fût la première fois qu'une "
"distribution Linux était étendue à l'utilisation d'un noyau autre que Linux. "

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:419
msgid ""
"The new release introduced a dependency based boot sequence, which allowed "
"for parallel init script processing, speeding system startup."
msgstr ""
"La nouvelle version introduit une séquence de démarrage basée sur les "
"dépendances, ce qui permet la parallélisation de l'exécution des scripts "
"d'initialisation et accélère le démarrage du système."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:423
msgid ""
"Debian 7.0 <emphasis>Wheezy</emphasis> (May 2013): named for the rubber toy "
"penguin with a red bow tie."
msgstr ""
"Debian 7.0 <emphasis>Wheezy</emphasis> (mai 2013) : nom du manchot en "
"caoutchouc avec un nœud papillon rouge."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:427
msgid ""
"The release was frozen on June 30, 2012, very close to the Debian developers "
"gathering in the 12th DebConf at Managua, Nicaragua."
msgstr ""
"Cette version a été gelée le 30 juin 2012 juste avant la conférence des "
"développeurs de la treizième DebConf qui s'est tenue à Managua au Nicaragua."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:431
msgid ""
"One architecture was included in this release (armhf) and this release "
"introduced multi-arch support, which allowed users to install packages from "
"multiple architectures on the same machine.  Improvements in the "
"installation process allowed visually impaired people to install the system "
"using software speech for the first time."
msgstr ""
"Une nouvelle architecture a été incluse dans cette version (armhf) ainsi que "
"la gestion multi-architecture, ce qui permet aux utilisateurs d'installer "
"des paquets d'architectures différentes sur la même machine. Des "
"améliorations dans le processus d'installation ont permis aux personnes "
"ayant une déficience visuelle d'installer le système en utilisant le "
"logiciel de synthèse vocale « speech » pour la première fois."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:438
msgid ""
"This was also the first release that supported the installation and booting "
"in devices using UEFI firmware."
msgstr ""
"C'était également la première version à gérer l'installation et le démarrage "
"sur des périphériques utilisant le firmware UEFI."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:442
msgid ""
"Debian 8 <emphasis>Jessie</emphasis> (April 2015): named for the cow girl "
"doll who first appeared in Toy Story 2."
msgstr ""
"Debian 8.0 <emphasis>Jessie</emphasis> (avril 2015) : nom de la poupée "
"vachère qui apparut la première fois dans Toy Story 2."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:446
msgid ""
"This release introduced for the first time the systemd init system as "
"default.  Two new architectures were introduced: arm64 and ppc64el and three "
"architectures were dropped: s390 (replaced by s390x), ia64 and sparc.  The "
"Sparc architecture had been present in Debian for 16 years, but lacked "
"developer support to make it maintenable in the distribution."
msgstr ""
"Cette version a introduit pour la première fois le système d'initialisation "
"systemd par défaut. Deux nouvelles architectures ont été introduites : arm64 "
"et ppc64el. Trois architectures furent supprimées : s390 (remplacée par "
"s390x), ia64 et sparc. L'architecture sparc a été présente dans Debian "
"pendant 16 ans mais manquait de développeurs pour la garder maintenable dans "
"la distribution."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:453
msgid ""
"The release included many security improvements such as a new kernel that "
"nullified a whole set of security vulnerabilities (symlink attacks), a new "
"way to detect packages which were under security support, more packages "
"built with hardened compiler flags and a new mecahnism (needrestart) to "
"detect sub-systems which had to be restarted in order to propagate security "
"updates after an upgrade."
msgstr ""
"De nombreuses améliorations de sécurité ont été introduites dans cette "
"version telles qu'un nouveau noyau qui supprimait de fait tout un ensemble "
"de vulnérabilités (attaque par liens symboliques), une nouvelle manière de "
"détecter les paquets qui possèdent une gestion de la sécurité, davantage de "
"paquets construits avec des drapeaux durcis du compilateur et ainsi qu'un "
"nouveau mécanisme (needrestart) qui permet de détecter les sous-systèmes qui "
"nécessitent d'être redémarrés afin de propager les patchs de sécurité après "
"une mise à jour."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:461
msgid ""
"Debian 9 <emphasis>Stretch</emphasis> (June 2017): named for the toy rubber "
"octopus with suckers on her eight long arms that appeared in Toy Story 3."
msgstr ""
"Debian 9 <emphasis>Stetch</emphasis> (juin 2017) : nom du poulpe en "
"caoutchouc qui possède des ventouses sur ses huit longs bras et qui apparut "
"dans Toy Story 3."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:465
msgid "The release was frozen on February 7th, 2017."
msgstr "Cette version fut gelée le 7 février 2017."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:468
msgid ""
"Support for the powerpc architecture was dropped in this release, whileas "
"the mips64el architecture was introduced.  This release introduced debug "
"packages with a new repository in the archive, packages from this repository "
"provided debug symbols automatically for packages."
msgstr ""
"La gestion de l'architecture powerpc fut supprimée alors que celle pour "
"l'architecture mips64el fut introduite. Cette version introduisit les "
"paquets de déboggage avec un nouveau dépôt dans l'archive. Ces paquets "
"fournissent automatiquement les symboles de déboggages des paquets."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:474
msgid ""
"Debian 10 <emphasis>Buster</emphasis> (no release date yet): named for "
"Andy's pet dog, received as Christmas present in the end of Toy Story."
msgstr ""
"Debian 10 <emphasis>Buster</emphasis> (pas encore de date de publication) : "
"nom du chien d'Andy reçu comme cadeau de Noël à la fin de Toy Story."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:478
msgid ""
"Debian 11 <emphasis>Bullseye</emphasis> (no release date yet): named for "
"Woody's wooden toyhorse that appeared in Toy Story 2."
msgstr ""
"Debian 11 <emphasis>Bullseye</emphasis> (pas encore de date de "
"publication) : nom du cheval de Woody apparut dans Toy Story 2."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:483
msgid "A Detailed History"
msgstr "Historique détaillé"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:484
msgid "The 0.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 0.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:486
msgid ""
"Debian was begun in August 1993 by Ian Murdock, then an undergraduate at "
"Purdue University.  Debian was sponsored by the GNU Project of <ulink url="
"\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>The Free Software Foundation</ulink>, the "
"organization started by Richard Stallman and associated with the General "
"Public License (GPL), for one year -- from November 1994 to November 1995."
msgstr ""
"Debian a été créée en août 1993 par Ian Murdock alors qu'il était étudiant à "
"l'université de Pudue. Debian a été parrainée la première année (de "
"novembre 1994 à novembre 1995) par le projet GNU de  <ulink url=\"https://";
"www.fsf.org/\">The Free Software Foundation</ulink>, organisation créée par "
"Richard Stallman et associée à la licence « General Public Licence » (GPL)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:493
msgid ""
"Debian 0.01 through Debian 0.90 were released between August and December of "
"1993.  Ian Murdock writes:"
msgstr ""
"Les versions 0.01 jusqu'à 0.90 de Debian ont été publiées entre août et "
"décembre 1993. Ian Murdock écrivait alors :"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:497
msgid ""
"\"Debian 0.91 was released in January 1994.  It had a primitive package "
"system that allowed users to manipulate packages but that did little else "
"(it certainly didn't have dependencies or anything like that).  By this "
"time, there were a few dozen people working on Debian, though I was still "
"mostly putting together the releases myself.  0.91 was the last release done "
"in this way."
msgstr ""
"« La version 0.91 de Debian a été publiée en janvier 1994.  Elle avait un "
"système primitif de gestion de paquets qui permettait aux utilisateurs de "
"manipuler les paquets mais n'autorisait pas grand-chose d'autre (il ne "
"possédait certainement pas de dépendances ou d'options analogues). À cette "
"époque, quelques dizaines de personnes travaillaient sur Debian, même si je "
"devais toujours assembler les versions moi-même. La version 0.91 fut la "
"dernière version faite de cette manière. »"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:504
msgid ""
"Most of 1994 was spent organizing the Debian Project so that others could "
"more effectively contribute, as well as working on <command>dpkg</command> "
"(Ian Jackson was largely responsible for this).  There were no releases to "
"the public in 1994 that I can remember, though there were several internal "
"releases as we worked to get the process right."
msgstr ""
"« Une grande partie de l'année 1994 a été consacrée à organiser le projet "
"Debian de façon à ce que les autres puissent plus directement contribuer, "
"comme pour la réalisation de <command>dpkg</command> (Ian Jackson fut très "
"largement responsable de cette dernière). Si je me souviens bien, il n'y a "
"pas eu de version officielle en 1994, bien que nous en ayons eu un certain "
"nombre en interne, à chaque fois que nous progressions dans l'avancement de "
"la distribution. »"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:511
msgid ""
"Debian 0.93 Release 5 happened in March 1995 and was the first \"modern\" "
"release of Debian: there were many more developers by then (though I can't "
"remember exactly how many), each maintaining their own packages, and "
"<command>dpkg</command> was being used to install and maintain all these "
"packages after a base system was installed."
msgstr ""
"« La Debian 0.93, en version 5, est sortie en mars 1995 et a été la première "
"version « moderne » de Debian : il n'y avait jamais eu autant de "
"développeurs (bien que je ne puisse me rappeler combien), chacun maintenait "
"ses propres paquets et <command>dpkg</command> était utilisé pour installer "
"et maintenir tous ces paquets après l'installation du système de base. »"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:518
msgid ""
"\"Debian 0.93 Release 6 happened in November 1995 and was the last a.out "
"release.  There were about sixty developers maintaining packages in 0.93R6.  "
"If I remember correctly, <command>dselect</command> first appeared in 0.93R6."
"\""
msgstr ""
"« La Debian 0.93, en version 6, est sortie en novembre 1995 et a été la "
"dernière version au format a.out. Il y avait environ 60 développeurs pour "
"maintenir les paquets de la version 0.93R6. Si je me souviens bien, "
"<command>dselect</command> a fait son apparition dans cette version. »"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:523
msgid ""
"Ian Murdock also notes that Debian 0.93R6 \"...  has always been my favorite "
"release of Debian\", although he admits to the possibility of some personal "
"bias, as he stopped actively working on the project in March 1996 during the "
"pre-production of Debian 1.0, which was actually released as Debian 1.1 to "
"avoid confusion after a CD-ROM manufacturer mistakenly labelled an "
"unreleased version as Debian 1.0.  That incident led to the concept of "
"\"official\" CD-ROM images, as a way for the project to help vendors avoid "
"this kind of mistake."
msgstr ""
"Ian Murdock fait aussi remarquer que la Debian 0.93R6 « ...  a été ma "
"version favorite de Debian » bien qu'il admette la possibilité d'être de "
"parti pris, puisqu'il avait arrêté de travailler activement sur le projet en "
"mars 1996 durant la pré-production de la Debian 1.0. Cette dernière fut "
"renommée 1.1 pour éviter toute confusion avec un fabricant de cédérom qui "
"avait nommé faussement 1.0 une version précédente. Cet incident mena au "
"concept d'images ISO « officielles », de façon à éviter aux vendeurs ce "
"genre de bévue."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:532
msgid ""
"During August 1995 (between Debian 0.93 Release 5 and Debian 0.93 Release "
"6), Hartmut Koptein started the first port for Debian, for the Motorola m68k "
"family.  He reports that \"Many, many packages were i386-centric (little "
"endian, -m486, -O6 and all for libc4) and it was a hard time to get a "
"starting base of packages on my machine (an Atari Medusa 68040, 32 MHz).  "
"After three months (in November 1995), I uploaded 200 packages from 250 "
"available packages, all for libc5!\" Later he started another port together "
"with Vincent Renardias and Martin Schulze, for the PowerPC family."
msgstr ""
"Durant le mois d'août 1995 (entre les versions 0.93R5 et 0.93R6 de Debian), "
"Hartmut Koptein a débuté le premier portage de Debian pour la famille des "
"Motorola m68k. Il disait que « de nombreux paquets étaient construits autour "
"de l'architecture i386 (« petit-boutiste », -m486, -O6 et tout ce genre "
"d'options de la bibliothèque libc4) et que cela a été un travail énorme que "
"d'avoir une base de paquets de départ sur ma machine (un Atari Medusa 68040, "
"32 MHz). Après trois mois (en novembre 1995), j'ai mis à disposition "
"200 paquets, sur les 250 disponibles, tous pour la bibliothèque libc5 ! ». "
"Plus tard, il commença un autre portage avec Vincent Renardias et Martin "
"Schulze, pour la famille des PowerPC."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:542
msgid ""
"Since this time, the Debian Project has grown to include several <ulink url="
"\"http://www.debian.org/ports/\";>ports</ulink> to other architectures, a "
"port to a new (non-Linux) kernel, the GNU Hurd microkernel, and at least one "
"flavor of BSD kernel."
msgstr ""
"À partir de ce moment, le projet Debian s'est développé et a ajouté de "
"nombreux <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/\";>portages</ulink> vers "
"d'autres architectures, un portage vers un nouveau noyau non Linux (le "
"micronoyau GNU Hurd), et au moins une saveur d'un noyau BSD. "

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:548
msgid ""
"An early member of the project, Bill Mitchell, remembers the Linux kernel"
msgstr ""
"Un des tout premiers membres du projet, Bill Mitchell, se rappelle au sujet "
"du noyau Linux :"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:551
msgid ""
"\"...  being between 0.99r8 and 0.99r15 when we got started.  For a long "
"time, I could build the kernel in less than 30 minutes on a 20 MHz 386-based "
"machine, and could also do a Debian install in that same amount of time in "
"under 10Mb of disk space."
msgstr ""
"« ...  On devait être entre la version 0.99r8 et 0.99r15 lorsqu'on a débuté. "
"Pendant très longtemps, j'étais capable de construire un noyau en moins de "
"30 minutes sur une machine dotée d'un 386 à 20 MHz, et j'étais ainsi capable "
"d'installer une Debian dans le même temps avec moins de 10 Mo d'espace "
"disque. »"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:557
msgid ""
"\" ...  I recall the initial group as including Ian Murdock, myself, Ian "
"Jackson, another Ian who's surname I don't recall, Dan Quinlan, and some "
"other people who's names I don't recall.  Matt Welsh was either part of the "
"initial group or joined pretty early on (he has since left the project).  "
"Someone set up a mailing list, and we were off and running."
msgstr ""
"« ...  Je me souviens que l'équipe initiale comprenait Ian Murdock, moi-"
"même, Ian Jackson, un autre Ian dont le nom de famille m'échappe, Dan "
"Quinlan, et quelques autres personnes dont je ne me souviens pas des noms.  "
"Matt Welsh faisait aussi partie du groupe initial, ou l'a rejoint tout au "
"début (il a depuis quitté le projet). Quelqu'un a créé une liste de "
"diffusion et nous nous sommes mis au travail. »"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:564
msgid ""
"As I recall, we didn't start off with a plan, and we didn't start off by "
"putting together a plan in any highly organized fashion.  Right from the "
"start, I do recall, we started off collecting up sources for a pretty random "
"collection of packages.  Over time, we came to focus on a collection of "
"items which would be required to put together the core of a distribution: "
"the kernel, a shell, update, getty, various other programs and support files "
"needed to init the system, and a set of core utilities.\""
msgstr ""
"« Si je me souviens bien, nous ne sommes pas partis d'un plan défini, et "
"nous n'avons pas commencé en définissant des objectifs avec une approche "
"très organisée. Dès le début, si je ne me trompe pas, nous avons rassemblé "
"aléatoirement les sources d'un certain nombre de paquets. Avec le temps, "
"nous avons fini par mettre au point une collection de composants qui "
"seraient nécessaires au cœur de la distribution : le noyau, un shell, "
"<command>update</command>, <command>getty</command>, de nombreux autres "
"programmes et fichiers de configuration requis pour initialiser le système "
"ainsi que tout un jeu d'utilitaires. »"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:572
msgid "The Early Debian Packaging System"
msgstr "Le premier gestionnaire de paquets de Debian"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:574
msgid ""
"At the very early stages of the Project, members considered distributing "
"source-only packages.  Each package would consist of the upstream source "
"code and a Debianized patch file, and users would untar the sources, apply "
"the patches, and compile binaries themselves.  They soon realized, however, "
"that some sort of binary distribution scheme would be needed.  The earliest "
"packaging tool, written by Ian Murdock and called <command>dpkg</command>, "
"created a package in a Debian-specific binary format, and could be used "
"later to unpack and install the files in the package."
msgstr ""
"Aux tout premiers pas du projet, ses membres ont choisi de ne distribuer que "
"les paquets source. Chaque paquet serait composé du code source amont ainsi "
"que d'une rustine pour Debian.  Les utilisateurs n'auraient alors qu'à "
"« décompresser » les sources, appliquer les rustines puis compiler eux-"
"mêmes. Ils ont cependant compris très tôt qu'une distribution sous forme "
"d'exécutables serait nécessaire. Le premier outil d'empaquetage, écrit par "
"Ian Murdock et appelé dpkg, créait un paquet dans un format binaire "
"spécifique à Debian et pouvait être utilisé plus tard pour dépaqueter et "
"installer les fichiers d'un paquet."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:584
msgid ""
"Ian Jackson soon took over the development of the packaging tool, renaming "
"the tool itself <command>dpkg-deb</command> and writing a front-end program "
"he named <command>dpkg</command> to facilitate the use of <command>dpkg-deb</"
"command> and provide the <emphasis>Dependencies</emphasis> and "
"<emphasis>Conflicts</emphasis> of today's Debian system.  The packages "
"produced by these tools had a header listing the version of the tool used to "
"create the package and an offset within the file to a <command>tar</command>-"
"produced archive, which was separated from the header by some control "
"information."
msgstr ""
"Ian Jackson a ensuite rapidement repris le développement de l'outil "
"d'empaquetage, en renommant l'outil lui-même <command>dpkg-deb</command> et "
"en écrivant une interface qu'il appela <command>dpkg</command> pour "
"faciliter l'utilisation de <command>dpkg-deb</command> et introduire les "
"notions de <emphasis>dépendances</emphasis> et <emphasis>conflits</emphasis> "
"du système Debian d'aujourd'hui. Les paquets fabriqués à partir de ces "
"outils possédaient un en-tête avec la version de l'outil utilisé pour créer "
"le paquet et un fichier à l'intérieur duquel se trouvait l'archive sous "
"forme compressée (tar), lequel était séparé de l'en-tête par des "
"informations de contrôle."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:595
msgid ""
"At about this time some debate arose between members of the project -- some "
"felt that the Debian-specific format created by <command>dpkg-deb</command> "
"should be dropped in favor of the format produced by the <command>ar</"
"command> program.  After several revised file formats and correspondingly-"
"revised packaging tools, the <command>ar</command> format was adopted.  The "
"key value of this change is that it makes it possible for a Debian package "
"to be un-packaged on any Unix-like system without the need to run an "
"untrusted executable.  In other words, only standard tools present on every "
"Unix system like 'ar' and 'tar' are required to unpack a Debian binary "
"package and examine the contents."
msgstr ""
"C'est à ce moment qu'un débat a pris forme au sein des membres du projet.  "
"Certains préconisaient l'abandon du format spécifique de Debian créé par "
"<command>dpkg-deb</command> en faveur du format de l'outil <command>ar</"
"command>. Après de nombreuses versions de formats de fichiers, et autant "
"d'adaptations des outils d'empaquetage, le format <command>ar</command> fut "
"adopté. La valeur ajoutée de ce changement fut la possibilité pour un paquet "
"Debian d'être dépaqueté sur n'importe quel système Unix sans avoir besoin de "
"lancer un exécutable auxiliaire. En d'autres mots, seuls les outils "
"standards présents sur chaque système Unix comme « ar » ou « tar » sont "
"nécessaires au dépaquetage d'un paquet binaire Debian pour en examiner le "
"contenu."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:610
msgid "The 1.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 1.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:612
msgid ""
"When Ian Murdock left Debian, he appointed Bruce Perens as the next leader "
"of the project.  Bruce first became interested in Debian while he was "
"attempting to create a Linux distribution CD to be called \"Linux for Hams"
"\", which would include all of the Linux software useful to ham radio "
"operators.  Finding that the Debian core system would require much further "
"work to support his project, Bruce ended up working heavily on the base "
"Linux system and related installation tools, postponing his ham radio "
"distribution, including organizing (with Ian Murdock) the first set of "
"Debian install scripts, eventually resulting in the Debian Rescue Floppy "
"that was a core component of the Debian installation toolset for several "
"releases."
msgstr ""
"Lorsque Ian Murdock quitta Debian, il nomma Bruce Perens comme successeur.  "
"Bruce s'était initialement intéressé à Debian alors qu'il essayait de créer "
"une distribution de Linux sur cédérom nommée « Linux for Hams », qui devait "
"inclure tous les logiciels Linux intéressant les opérateurs de radio "
"amateur. Constatant que le cœur du système Debian nécessitait encore bien "
"plus de développement pour correspondre à son projet, Bruce s'est mis à "
"travailler intensivement sur le système de base et les outils relatifs à "
"l'installation, en remettant ses projets à plus tard. Son travail incluait "
"l'assemblage (avec Ian Murdock) du premier ensemble des scripts "
"d'installation de Debian, qui ont permis de créer la disquette de secours, "
"qui a été un composant essentiel de la panoplie d'outils d'installation de "
"Debian pour plusieurs versions."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:624
msgid "Ian Murdock states:"
msgstr "Ian Murdock raconte :"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:627
msgid ""
"\"Bruce was the natural choice to succeed me, as he had been maintaining the "
"base system for nearly a year, and he had been picking up the slack as the "
"amount of time I could devote to Debian declined rapidly.\""
msgstr ""
"« Bruce fut le candidat naturel à ma succession car il maintenait le système "
"de base depuis près d'un an. Il a pu ainsi combler le vide dû au fait que le "
"temps que je pouvais consacrer à Debian déclinait rapidement. »"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:632
msgid ""
"He initiated several important facets of the project, including coordinating "
"the effort to produce the Debian Free Software Guidelines and the Debian "
"Social Contract, and initiating an Open Hardware Project.  During his time "
"as Project Leader, Debian gained market share and a reputation as a platform "
"for serious, technically-capable Linux users."
msgstr ""
"Il lança un certain nombre d'éléments importants du projet, incluant la "
"coordination des efforts pour écrire les <emphasis>principes du logiciel "
"libre selon Debian</emphasis> et le <emphasis>Contrat Social de Debian</"
"emphasis> ainsi que le démarrage de l'<emphasis>Open Hardware Project</"
"emphasis>. Pendant la durée de ses fonctions de chef de projet, Debian a "
"gagné des parts de marché et une réputation de plate-forme pour utilisateurs "
"de Linux sérieux et compétents."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:639
msgid ""
"Bruce Perens also spearheaded the effort to create <ulink url=\"http://www.";
"spi-inc.org/\">Software in the Public Interest, Inc.</ulink>.  Originally "
"intended to provide the Debian Project with a legal entity capable of "
"accepting donations, its aims quickly expanded to include supporting free "
"software projects outside the Debian Project."
msgstr ""
"Bruce Perens aussi mena l'effort pour créer la société <ulink url=\"https://";
"www.spi-inc.org/\">Software in the Public Interest</ulink>. Destinée à "
"l'origine à fournir un cadre légal au projet Debian permettant l'acceptation "
"de donations, elle devint rapidement une entité soutenant des projets de "
"logiciels libres en dehors de Debian. "

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:646
msgid "The following Debian versions were released during this time:"
msgstr ""
"Voici les différentes versions de Debian publiées pendant cette période :"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:651
msgid ""
"1.1 <emphasis>Buzz</emphasis> released June 1996 (474 packages, 2.0 kernel, "
"fully ELF, <command>dpkg</command>)"
msgstr ""
"1.1 <emphasis>Buzz</emphasis>, sortie en juin 1996 (474 paquets, noyau 2.0, "
"entièrement au format ELF, <command>dpkg</command>) ;"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:657
msgid ""
"1.2 <emphasis>Rex</emphasis> released December 1996 (848 packages, 120 "
"developers)"
msgstr ""
"1.2 <emphasis>Rex</emphasis>, sortie en décembre 1996 (848 paquets, "
"120 développeurs) ;"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:663
msgid ""
"1.3 <emphasis>Bo</emphasis> released July 1997 (974 packages, 200 developers)"
msgstr ""
"1.3 <emphasis>Bo</emphasis>, sortie en juillet 1997 (974 paquets, "
"200 développeurs)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:668
msgid ""
"There were several interim \"point\" releases made to 1.3, with the last "
"being 1.3.1R6."
msgstr ""
"Il y a eu quelques versions intermédiaires pour la version 1.3, la dernière "
"portant le numéro 1.3.1R6."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:672
msgid ""
"Bruce Perens was replaced by Ian Jackson as Debian Project Leader at the "
"beginning of January, 1998, after leading the project much of the way "
"through the preparation for the 2.0 release."
msgstr ""
"Bruce Perens a été remplacé par Ian Jackson comme chef de projet Debian au "
"début du mois de janvier 1998, après avoir amené le projet à la préparation "
"de la version 2.0."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:678
msgid "The 2.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 2.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:680
msgid ""
"Ian Jackson became the Leader of the Debian Project at the beginning of "
"1998, and was shortly thereafter added to the board of Software in the "
"Public Interest in the capacity of Vice President.  After the resignation of "
"the Treasurer (Tim Sailer), President (Bruce Perens), and Secretary (Ian "
"Murdock), he became President of the Board and three new members were "
"chosen: Martin Schulze (Vice President), Dale Scheetz (Secretary), and Nils "
"Lohner (Treasurer)."
msgstr ""
"Ian Jackson est devenu le responsable du projet Debian au début de "
"l'année 1998 et tout de suite après vice-président de la <emphasis>Software "
"in the Public Interest</emphasis>. Après la démission du trésorier (Tim "
"Sailer), du président (Bruce Perens) et du secrétaire (Ian Murdock), il est "
"devenu président et trois nouveaux membres furent choisis : Martin Schulze "
"(vice-président), Dale Scheetz (secrétaire) et Nils Lohner (trésorier)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:689
msgid ""
"Debian 2.0 (<emphasis>Hamm</emphasis>) was released July 1998 for the Intel "
"i386 and Motorola 68000 series architectures.  This release marked the move "
"to a new version of the system C libraries (glibc2 or for historical reasons "
"libc6).  At the time of release, there were 1500+ packages maintained by "
"more than 400 Debian developers."
msgstr ""
"La version 2.0 de Debian (<emphasis>Hamm</emphasis>) est sortie "
"en juillet 1998 pour les architectures de processeurs Intel i386 et Motorola "
"68000. Cette version se caractérise par l'introduction d'une nouvelle "
"version des bibliothèques C (libc6 reposant sur la glibc2). Au moment de sa "
"sortie, il y avait plus de 1500 paquets maintenus par plus de "
"400 développeurs Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:696
msgid ""
"Wichert Akkerman succeeded Ian Jackson as Debian Project Leader in January "
"of 1999.  <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/releases/slink/\";>Debian 2.1</"
"ulink> was <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/News/1999/19990309\";>released</"
"ulink> on 09 March, 1999, after being delayed by a week when a few last-"
"minute issues arose."
msgstr ""
"Wichert Akkerman succéda à Ian Jackson comme chef du projet Debian en "
"janvier 1999. <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/slink/\";>Debian "
"2.1<ulink> fut <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/";
"News/1999/19990309\">publiée</ulink> le 9 mars 1999, après avoir été "
"repoussée d'une semaine à la suite de quelques soucis de dernière minute."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:703
msgid ""
"Debian 2.1 (<emphasis>Slink</emphasis>) featured official support for two "
"new architectures: <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/alpha/\";>Alpha</"
"ulink> and <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/sparc/\";>Sparc</ulink>.  "
"The X-Windows packages included with Debian 2.1 were greatly reorganized "
"from previous releases, and 2.1 included <command>apt</command>, the next-"
"generation Debian package manager interface.  Also, this release of Debian "
"was the first to require 2 CD-ROMs for the \"Official Debian CD set\"; the "
"distribution included about 2250 packages."
msgstr ""
"Dans la version 2.1 de Debian (<emphasis>Slink</emphasis>) figurait deux "
"nouvelles architectures : <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/alpha/";
"\">Alpha<ulink> et <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/sparc/\";>Sparc</"
"ulink>. Les paquets du système X-Windows inclus dans cette version furent "
"grandement réorganisés par rapport aux versions précédentes, et cette "
"version vit l'inclusion de <command>apt</command>, l'interface de gestion de "
"paquets nouvelle génération. Enfin, cette version a été la première à "
"demander 2 CD pour l'ensemble officiel de CD Debian. La distribution "
"comportait environ 2250 paquets."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:713
msgid ""
"On 21 April 1999, <ulink url=\"http://www.corel.com/\";>Corel Corporation</"
"ulink> and the <ulink url=\"http://www.kde.org/\";>K Desktop Project</ulink> "
"effectively formed an alliance with Debian when Corel announced its "
"intentions to release a Linux distribution based on Debian and the desktop "
"environment produced by the KDE group.  During the following spring and "
"summer months, another Debian-based distribution, Storm Linux, appeared, and "
"the Debian Project chose a new <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/logos/";
"\">logo</ulink>, featuring both an Official version for use on Debian-"
"sanctioned materials such as CD-ROMs and official Project web sites, and an "
"Unofficial logo for use on material mentioning or derived from Debian."
msgstr ""
"Le 21 avril 1999, l'entreprise <ulink url=\"https://www.corel.com/\";>Corel</"
"ulink> et le projet de bureau <ulink url=\"https://www.kde.org/\";>KDE</"
"ulink> formèrent une alliance avec Debian quand Corel annonça son intention "
"de publier une distribution Linux basée sur Debian et l'environnement de "
"bureau KDE. Une nouvelle distribution basée sur Debian, Storm Linux, apparut "
"durant les mois suivants et le projet Debian choisit un nouveau <ulink url="
"\"https://www.debian.org/logos/\";>logo</ulink>, avec une déclinaison "
"officielle pour tout matériel griffé Debian tel que CD et sites internet, et "
"une autre non-officielle à utiliser pour tout matériel mentionnant ou dérivé "
"de Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:725
msgid ""
"A new, unique, Debian port also began at this time, for the <ulink url="
"\"http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/\";>Hurd</ulink> port.  This is the first "
"port to use a non-Linux kernel, instead using the <ulink url=\"http://www.";
"gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd.html\">GNU Hurd</ulink>, a version of the GNU "
"Mach microkernel."
msgstr ""
"Un nouveau et unique portage de Debian débuta également à cette époque, "
"celui pour  <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/\";>Hurd</ulink>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:732
msgid ""
"Debian 2.2 (<emphasis>Potato</emphasis>) was released August 15th, 2000 for "
"the Intel i386, Motorola 68000 series, alpha, SUN Sparc, PowerPC and ARM "
"architectures.  This was the first release including PowerPC and ARM ports.  "
"At the time of release, there were 3900+ binary and 2600+ source packages "
"maintained by more than 450 Debian developers."
msgstr ""
"Debian 2.2 (<emphasis>Potato</emphasis>) est sortie le 15 août 2000 pour les "
"architectures de processeurs Intel i386, Motorola 68000, Alpha, SUN Sparc, "
"PowerPC et ARM. Elle a été la première version à inclure les portages pour "
"PowerPC et ARM. Au moment de sa sortie, il y avait plus de 3900 paquets "
"binaires et 2600 paquets source maintenus par plus de 450 développeurs "
"Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:741
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"http://debian-counting.libresoft.es/potato/\";>raw "
"statistics data</ulink> for Potato are also available at <ulink url=\"http://";
"debian-counting.libresoft.es/\">Debian counting site</ulink>, as well as "
"papers analyzing later releases."
msgstr ""
"Les <ulink url=\"https://debian-counting.libresoft.es/potato/\";>données "
"statistiques brutes</ulink> pour Potato sont aussi disponibles sur le <ulink "
"url=\"https://debian-counting.libresoft.es/\";>site de comptage de Debian</"
"ulink>, ainsi que des études analysant les versions suivantes."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:739
msgid ""
"An interesting fact about Debian 2.2 is that it showed how an free software "
"effort could lead to a modern operating system despite all the issues around "
"it.  This was studied<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> thoroughly by "
"a group of interested people in an article called <ulink url=\"http://pascal.";
"case.unibz.it/retrieve/3246/counting-potatoes.html\">Counting potatoes</"
"ulink> quoting from this article:"
msgstr ""
"Un fait intéressant à propos de Debian 2.2 fut de montrer comment un effort "
"collectif permit d'aboutir à un système d'exploitation moderne malgré tous "
"les problèmes rencontrés. Cela fut étudié<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
"\"0\"/> en détail par un groupe de recherche et publié dans un intitulé "
"<ulink url=\"http://pascal.case.unibz.it/retrieve/3246/counting-potatoes.html";
"\">Counting potatoes</ulink> (comptage de pommes de terre). Extrait de cet "
"article : "

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:751
msgid ""
"<emphasis>\"[...] we use David A.  Wheeler's sloccount system to determine "
"the number of physical source lines of code (SLOC) of Debian 2.2 (aka "
"potato).  We show that Debian 2.2 includes more than 55,000,000 physical "
"SLOC (almost twice than Red Hat 7.1, released about 8 months later), showing "
"that the Debian development model (based on the work of a large group of "
"voluntary developers spread around the world) is at least as capable as "
"other development methods [...] It is also shown that if Debian had been "
"developed using traditional proprietary methods, the COCOMO model estimates "
"that its cost would be close to $1.9 billion USD to develop Debian 2.2.  In "
"addition, we offer both an analysis of the programming languages used in the "
"distribution (C amounts for about 70%, C++ for about 10%, LISP and Shell are "
"around 5%, with many others to follow), and the largest packages (Mozilla, "
"the Linux kernel, PM3, XFree86, etc.)\"</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
"« [...] nous avons utilisé le système sloccount de David A. Wheeler pour "
"déterminer le nombre de lignes de code source physiques (SLOC) de Debian 2.2 "
"(<emphasis>Potato</emphasis>). Nous avons montré que Debian 2.2 contenait "
"plus de 55 millions de SLOC physiques (presque deux fois plus que "
"Red Hat 7.1, sortie environ 8 mois plus tard), et démontrant que le modèle "
"de développement de Debian (basé sur le travail d'un groupe important de "
"développeurs volontaires répartis dans le monde) est au moins aussi efficace "
"que d'autres méthodes de développement [...] Nous avons également montré que "
"si Debian avait été développée avec les méthodes propriétaires habituelles, "
"le modèle COCOMO estime que le coût de Debian 2.2 aurait été proche de "
"1,9 milliard de dollars américains. De plus, nous avons fourni une analyse "
"des langages de programmation utilisés dans la distribution (C à 70 %, C++ à "
"10 %, LISP et Shell à 5 %, puis les autres), et des paquets les plus "
"importants (Mozilla, le noyau Linux, PM3, XFree86, etc.). »"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:767
msgid "The 3.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 3.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:769
msgid ""
"Before woody could even begin to be prepared for release, a change to the "
"archive system on ftp-master had to be made.  Package pools, which enabled "
"special purpose distributions, such as the new \"Testing\" distribution used "
"for the first time to get woody ready for release, were <ulink url=\"http://";
"lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0012/msg00004.html\">activated on ftp-"
"master</ulink> in mid December 2000.  A package pool is just a collection of "
"different versions of a given package, from which multiple distributions "
"(currently experimental, unstable, testing, and stable) can draw packages, "
"which are then included in that distribution's Packages file."
msgstr ""
"Avant même le début de la préparation de la publication de woody, un "
"changement dans le système d'archive sur ftp-master fut nécessaire. Le "
"regroupement de paquets (pools) permettant la publication de version à buts "
"spécifiques telle que la nouvelle version « Testing » apparue pour la "
"première fois pour la préparation de la publication de woody a été  <ulink "
"url=\"http:/i/lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0012/msg00004.html"
"\">activée sur ftp-master</ulink> à la mi-décembre de l'an 2000. Un pool de "
"paquets est simplement une collection d'un même paquet mais de version "
"différente (expérimental, instable, testing et stable) d'où sont tirée les "
"paquets qui seront ensuite inclus dans le fichier Package de la distribution."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:780
msgid ""
"At the same time a new distribution <emphasis>testing</emphasis> was "
"introduced.  Mainly, packages from unstable that are said to be stable moved "
"to testing (after a period of a few weeks).  This was introduced in order to "
"reduce freeze time and give the project the ability to prepare a new release "
"at any time."
msgstr ""
"Au même moment, la nouvelle distribution <emphasis>testing</emphasis> fut "
"introduite. Le principe était de déplacer dans <emphasis>testing</emphasis> "
"les paquets de <emphasis>unstable</emphasis> annoncés stables, après une "
"période de quelques semaines. Cela a été introduit pour réduire le temps de "
"gel et donner au projet la possibilité de préparer une nouvelle version à "
"n'importe quel moment."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:787
msgid ""
"In that period, some of the companies that were shipping modified versions "
"of Debian closed down.  Corel sold its Linux division in the first quarter "
"of 2001, Stormix declared bankruptcy on January 17th 2001, and Progeny "
"ceased development of its distribution on October 1st, 2001."
msgstr ""
"À cette époque, certaines des sociétés qui distribuaient des versions "
"modifiées de Debian fermèrent définitivement. Corel vendit sa division Linux "
"lors du premier trimestre 2001, Stormix déclara sa faillite le "
"17 janvier 2001, et Progeny stoppa le développement de sa distribution le "
"1er octobre 2001."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:793
msgid ""
"The freeze for the next release started on July 1st 2001.  However, it took "
"the project a little more than a year to get to the next release, due to "
"<ulink url=\"http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0104/msg00004.html";
"\">problems in boot-floppies</ulink>, because of the introduction of "
"cryptographic software in the main archive and due to the changes in the "
"underlying architecture (the incoming archive and the security "
"architecture).  In that time, however, the stable release (Debian 2.2) was "
"revised up to seven times, and two Project Leaders were elected: Ben Collins "
"(in 2001) and Bdale Garbee.  Also, work in many areas of Debian besides "
"packaging kept growing, including internationalization, Debian's web site "
"(over a thousand web pages) was translated into over 20 different languages, "
"and installation for the next release was ready in 23 languages.  Two "
"internal projects: Debian Junior (for children) and Debian Med (for medical "
"practice and research) started during the woody release time frame providing "
"the project with different focuses to make Debian suitable for those tasks."
msgstr ""
"Le gel de la prochaine version a débuté le premier juillet 2001. Cependant, "
"plus d'un an fût nécessaire pour finalement publier cette version, et cela "
"en raison <ulink url=\"http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0104/";
"msg00004.html\">de problèmes avec les disquettes de démarrage</ulink>, eux-"
"même découlant de l'introduction de logiciels de cryptage dans l'archive "
"principale et dû aux changements dans l'architecture sous-jacente (l'archive "
"entrante et l'architecture de sécurité). Toutefois, pendant cette durée, la "
"version stable (Debian 2.2) a été révisée sept fois et deux chefs de Projet "
"furent élus : Ben Collins (en 2001) et Bdale Garbee. En parallèle, maints "
"travaux dans divers domaines autres que l'empaquetage furent menés, en "
"incluant la traduction du site internet (plus de mille pages) dans plus de "
"vingt langues. Deux autres projets internes (Debian Junior et Debian Med) "
"furent lancés durant la phase de préparation de Woody ce qui permit à Debian "
"de mettre l'accent sur ces tâches spécifiques."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:810
msgid ""
"The work around Debian didn't stop the developers from organizing an annual "
"meeting called <ulink url=\"http://www.debconf.org\";>DebConf</ulink>.  The "
"first meeting was held from the 2nd to the 5th of July together with the "
"Libre Software Meeting (LSM) at Bordeaux (France) gathered around forty "
"Debian developers.  The second conference took place in Toronto (Canada) "
"July 5th 2002 with over eighty participants."
msgstr ""
"Tout ce travail autour de Debian n'empêcha pas les développeurs d'organiser "
"la conférence annuelle appelée <ulink url=\"https://www.debconf.org";
"\">DebConf</ulink>. La première conférence fut tenue entre le 2 juillet et "
"le 5 juillet ensemble avec la réunion du logiciels libre (Libre Software "
"Meeting) à Bordeaux en France. Cet événement réunit environ quarante "
"développeurs Debian. La deuxième conférence fût tenue à Toronto au Canada le "
"5 juillet 2002 et plus de huitante développeurs y participèrent."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:818
msgid ""
"Debian 3.0 (<emphasis>woody</emphasis>) was released July 19th, 2002 for the "
"Intel i386, Motorola 68000 series, alpha, SUN Sparc, PowerPC, ARM, HP PA-"
"RISC, IA-64, MIPS, MIPS (DEC) and IBM s/390 architectures.  This is the "
"first release including HP PA-RISC, IA-64, MIPS, MIPS (DEC) and IBM s/390 "
"ports.  At the time of release, there were around 8500 binary packages "
"maintained by over nine hundred Debian developers, becoming the first "
"release to be available on DVD media as well as CD-ROMs."
msgstr ""
"Debian 3.0 (<emphasis>Woody</emphasis>) est sortie le 19 juillet 2002 pour "
"les architectures de processeurs Intel i386, Motorola 68000, Alpha, SUN "
"Sparc, PowerPC, ARM, HP PA-RISC, IA-64, MIPS, MIPS (DEC) et IBM s/390. Elle "
"fut la première version à inclure les portages pour HP PA-RISC, IA-64, MIPS, "
"MIPS (DEC) et IBM s/390. Au moment de sa sortie, il y avait plus de "
"8500 paquets binaires maintenus par plus d'un millier de développeurs "
"Debian, et elle fut la première version à être disponible aussi bien sous "
"forme de DVD-ROM que sous forme de CD-ROM."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:827
msgid ""
"Before the next release the <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> annual meeting "
"continued with the fourth conference taking place in Oslo from July 18th to "
"July 20th 2003 with over one hundred and twenty participants, with a "
"<emphasis>DebCamp</emphasis> preceding it, from July 12th to July 17th.  The "
"fifth conference took place from May 26th to June 2nd 2004 in Porto Alegre, "
"Brazil with over one hundred and sixty participants from twenty six "
"different countries."
msgstr ""
"En attendant la prochaine publication, les conférences Debian annuelles "
"continuaient : la quatrième s'est tenue à Oslo du 18 juillet au 20 juillet "
"2003 avec plus de cent vingt participants, précédée d'un <emphasis>DebCamp</"
"emphasis> du 12 juillet au 17 juillet. La cinquième conférence s'est tenue "
"du 26 mai au 2 juin 2004 à Porto Alegre au Brésil et a rassemblé plus de "
"cent soixante participants venant de vingt-six pays différents."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:836
msgid ""
"Debian 3.1 (<emphasis>sarge</emphasis>) was released June 6th, 2005 for the "
"same architectures as <emphasis>woody</emphasis>, although an unofficial "
"AMD64 port was released at the same time using the project hosting "
"infrastructure provided for the distribution and available at <ulink url="
"\"https://alioth.debian.org\";>https://alioth.debian.org</ulink>.  There were "
"around 15,000 binary packages maintained by more than one thousand and five "
"hundred Debian developers."
msgstr ""
"Debian 3.1 (<emphasis>Sarge</emphasis>) est sortie le 6 juin 2005 pour les "
"mêmes architectures que <emphasis>Woody</emphasis>, bien qu'un portage AMD64 "
"non officiel ait été publié au même moment, en utilisant l'infrastructure "
"d'hébergement du projet disponible à <ulink url=\"https://alioth.debian.org";
"\">https://alioth.debian.org</ulink>. Il y avait alors environ 15000 paquets "
"binaires maintenus par plus de mille cinq cents développeurs Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:845
msgid ""
"There were many major changes in the <emphasis>sarge</emphasis> release, "
"mostly due to the large time it took to freeze and release the "
"distribution.  Not only did this release update over 73% of the software "
"shipped in the previous version, but it also included much more software "
"than previous releases almost doubling in size with 9,000 new packages "
"including the OpenOffice suite, the Firefox web browser and the Thunderbird "
"e-mail client."
msgstr ""
"La version <emphasis>Sarge</emphasis> a connu de nombreux changements "
"majeurs, principalement en raison du temps important pris pour stabiliser et "
"publier la distribution. Cette version n'a pas seulement mis à jour plus de "
"73 % des logiciels fournis dans la version précédente, mais a aussi ajouté "
"plus de logiciels que les précédentes versions, en doublant presque de "
"taille, avec plus de 9000 nouveaux paquets dont la suite OpenOffice, le "
"navigateur web Firefox et le client de messagerie électronique Thunderbird."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:853
msgid ""
"This release shipped with the 2.4 and 2.6 Linux kernel series, XFree86 4.3, "
"GNOME 2.8 and KDE 3.3 and with a brand new installer.  This new installer "
"replaced the aging boot-floppies installer with a modular design with "
"provided for more advanced installations (with RAID, XFS and LVM support) "
"including hardware detections and making installations easier for novice "
"users of all the architectures.  It also switched to <command>aptitude</"
"command> as the selected tool for package management.  But the installation "
"system also boasted full internationalization support as the software was "
"translated into almost forty languages.  The supporting documentation: "
"installation manual and release notes, were made available with the release "
"in ten and fifteen different languages respectively."
msgstr ""
"Cette version était livrée avec les séries 2.4 et 2.6 du noyau Linux, "
"XFree86 4.3, GNOME 2.8 et KDE 3.3 ainsi qu'un installateur flambant neuf. Ce "
"nouvel installateur a remplacé les disquettes d'amorçage vieillissantes par "
"une conception modulaire fournissant des installations modernes (avec la "
"prise en charge RAID, XFS et LVM) avec détection du matériel, facilitant "
"ainsi les installations pour les novices, quelle que soit l'architecture.  "
"<command>Aptitude</command> est devenu l'outil sélectionné pour la gestion "
"des paquets. Le système d'installation peut aussi se vanter d'une gestion "
"complète de l'internationalisation puisqu'il a été traduit dans environ "
"quarante langues. La documentation à l'appui : le manuel d'installation et "
"les notes de publication, ont été rendus disponibles lors de la publication "
"dans dix et quinze langues respectivement."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:866
msgid ""
"This release included the efforts of the Debian-Edu/Skolelinux, Debian-Med "
"and Debian-Accessibility sub-projects which boosted the number of "
"educational packages and those with a medical affiliation as well as "
"packages designed especially for people with disabilities."
msgstr ""
"Cette version comprend les efforts des sous-projets Debian-Edu/Skolelinux, "
"Debian-Med et Debian-Accessibility, qui ont augmenté le nombre de paquets "
"éducatifs, liés au domaine médical ainsi que ceux spécialement conçus pour "
"les personnes handicapées."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:872
msgid ""
"The sixth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> was held in Espoo, Finland, from July "
"10th to July 17th, 2005 with over three hundred participants.  <ulink url="
"\"http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2005/debconf5/\";>Videos</ulink> "
"from this conference are available online."
msgstr ""
"La sixième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> fût tenue à Espo en "
"Finlande entre le 10 et le 17 juillet 2005 avec plus de 300 participants. "
"Des <ulink url=\"http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2005/debconf5/";
"\">vidéos</ulink> de cette conférence sont disponibles en ligne."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:878
msgid ""
"The seventh <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> was held in Oaxtepec, Mexico, from "
"May 14th to May 22nd, 2006 with around <ulink url=\"https://gallery.debconf.";
"org/aigars/dc6_group_photo_big\">two hundred</ulink> participants.  <ulink "
"url=\"http://meetings-archive.debian.net/pub/debian-meetings/2006/debconf6/";
"\">Videos</ulink> and <ulink url=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/";
"debconf6\">pictures</ulink> from this conference are available online."
msgstr ""
"La septième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> fût tenue à Oaxtepec au "
"Mexique entre le 14 et le 22 mai 2006 avec plus de <ulink url=\"https://";
"gallery.debconf.org/aigars/dc6_group_photo_big\">200 participants</ulink>. "
"Des <ulink url=\"http://meetings-archive.debian.net/pub/debian-meetings/2006/";
"debconf6/\">vidéos</ulink> et <ulink url=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/";
"debconf6\">photos</ulink> sont disponible en ligne."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:888
msgid "The 4.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 4.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:890
msgid ""
"Debian 4.0 (<emphasis>etch</emphasis>) was <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.";
"org/News/2007/20070408\">released</ulink> April 8th, 2007 for the same "
"number of architectures as in <emphasis>sarge</emphasis>.  This included the "
"AMD64 port but dropped support for m68k.  The m68k port was, however, still "
"available in the <emphasis>unstable</emphasis> distribution.  There were "
"around 18,200 binary packages maintained by more than one thousand and "
"thirty Debian developers."
msgstr ""
"Debian 4.0 (<emphasis>Etch</emphasis>) a été <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.";
"org/News/2007/20070408\">publiée</ulink> le 8 avril 2007 avec le même nombre "
"d'architecture que <emphasis>sarge</emphasis>. Elle incluait le portage pour "
"AMD64 mais avait laissé tombé celui pour m68k. Ce dernier était toutefois "
"encore disponible dans la distribution <emphasis>unstable</emphasis>. Elle "
"contenait environ 18200 paquets binaires maintenus par plus de "
"1030 développeurs Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:900
msgid "The 5.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 5.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:902
msgid ""
"Debian 5.0 (<emphasis>lenny</emphasis>) was <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.";
"org/News/2009/20090214\">released</ulink> February 14th, 2009 for one more "
"architecture than its predecessor, <emphasis>etch</emphasis>.  This included "
"the port for newer ARM processors.  As with the previous release, support "
"for the m68k architecture was still available in <emphasis>unstable</"
"emphasis>.  There were around 23,000 binary packages (built from over 12,000 "
"source packages) maintained by more than one thousand and ten Debian "
"developers."
msgstr ""
"Debian 5.0 (<emphasis>Lenny</emphasis>) a été <ulink url=\"https://www.";
"debian.org/News/2007/20070408\">publiée</ulink> le 14 février 2009 avec une "
"architecture de plus que son prédécesseur <emphasis>Etch</emphasis>. Elle "
"incluait le portage pour les nouveaux processeurs ARM. Comme pour la version "
"précédente, le portage pour l'architecture m68k était encore disponible dans "
"<emphasis>unstable</emphasis>. Elle contenait environ 23000 paquets binaires "
"(construits à partir de plus de 12000 paquets source) maintenus par plus de "
"1010 développeurs Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:912
msgid ""
"With the release of Debian lenny, the naming scheme for point releases was "
"<ulink url=\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2009/02/msg00003.";
"html\">changed</ulink>: point releases will use a true micro version number, "
"so the first point release of Debian lenny will be 5.0.1. In the past point "
"releases were named by an <emphasis>r</emphasis> plus the number appended to "
"major and minor number, e.g. 4.0r1."
msgstr ""
"Avec la publication de Debian Lenny intervint un <ulink url=\"https://lists.";
"debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2009/02/msg00003.html\">changement</ulink> "
"dans la façon de nommer les versions ponctuelles. Ces versions utiliseraient "
"dès lors un vrai micro numéro de version, ainsi la première version "
"ponctuelle de Lenny était 5.0.1. Par le passé, un <emphasis>r</emphasis> "
"auquel on accolait un numéro majeur et mineur (p. ex. 4.0r1) définissait la "
"version ponctuelle."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:921
msgid ""
"The eighth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> was held in Edinburgh, Scotland, "
"from June 17th to 23th, 2007 with over four hundred participants.  <ulink "
"url=\"http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2007/debconf7/\";>Videos</"
"ulink> and <ulink url=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/debconf7\";>pictures</"
"ulink> from this conference are available online."
msgstr ""
"La huitième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> fut tenue à Edinburgh en "
"Écosse du 17 au 23 juin 2007 avec plus de 400 participants. Des <ulink url="
"\"http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2007/debconf7/\";>vidéos</ulink> "
"et <ulink url=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/debconf7\";>photos</ulink> de "
"cette conférences sont disponibles en ligne."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:928
msgid ""
"The ninth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> was held in Mar de Plata, Argentina, "
"from August 10th to 16th, 2008 with over <ulink url=\"https://gallery.";
"debconf.org/v/debconf8/karora/OfficialPhoto.jpg.html\">two hundred</ulink> "
"participants.  <ulink url=\"http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2008/";
"debconf8/\">Videos</ulink> and <ulink url=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/v/";
"debconf8/\">pictures</ulink> from this conference are available online."
msgstr ""
"La neuvième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> fut tenue à Mar de Plata "
"en Argentine du 10 au 16 août 2008 avec plus de <ulink url=\"https://gallery.";
"debconf.org/v/debconf8/karora/OfficialPhoto.jpg.html\">deux cents</ulink> "
"participants. Des <ulink url=\"http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-";
"meetings/2008/debconf8/\">vidéos</ulink> et <ulink url=\"https://gallery.";
"debconf.org/v/debconf8/\">photos</ulink> de cette conférence sont "
"disponibles en ligne."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:937
msgid ""
"The tenth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> was held in Caceres, Spain, from July "
"23th to 30th, 2009 with over <ulink url=\"http://wiki.debconf.org/wiki/";
"DebConf9/Pictures/GroupPhoto\">two hundred</ulink> participants.  <ulink url="
"\"http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2009/debconf9/\";>Videos</ulink> "
"and <ulink url=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/v/debconf9/\";>pictures</ulink> "
"from this conference are available online."
msgstr ""
"La dixième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> fût tenue à Caceres en "
"Espagne du 23 au 30 juillet 2009 avec plus de <ulink url=\"http://wiki.";
"debconf.org/wiki/DebConf9/Pictures/GroupPhoto\">deux cents</ulink> "
"participants. Des <ulink url=\"http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-";
"meetings/2009/debconf9/\">vidéos</ulink> et <ulink url=\"https://gallery.";
"debconf.org/v/debconf9/\">photos</ulink> de cette conférence sont "
"disponibles en ligne."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:946
msgid ""
"The eleventh <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> was held in New York City, United "
"States of America, from August 1st to 7th, 2010 with DebCamp preceding it "
"from July 25th to 31st.  Over <ulink url=\"http://wiki.debconf.org/wiki/";
"DebConf10/GroupPhoto\">200 people</ulink> including Debian developers, "
"maintainers, users gathered at the Columbia Campus to participate in the "
"conference.  <ulink url=\"http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2010/";
"debconf10/\">Videos</ulink> and <ulink url=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/v/";
"debconf10/\">pictures</ulink> from this conference are available online."
msgstr ""
"La onzième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> fût tenue à New York City "
"aux États-Unis du premier au 7 août 2010 avec le DebCamp le précédent du 25 "
"au 31 juillet. Plus de <ulink url=\"http://wiki.debconf.org/wiki/DebConf10/";
"GroupPhoto\">200 personnes</ulink> incluant des développeurs Debian, des "
"gestionnaires de paquets et des utilisateurs se sont côtoyés sur le campus "
"de Columbia et participèrent à la conférence. Des <ulink url=\"http://ftp.";
"acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2010/debconf10/\">vidéos</ulink> et <ulink "
"url=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/v/debconf10/\";>photos</ulink> de cette "
"conférence sont disponibles en ligne."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:958
msgid "The 6.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 6.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:960
msgid ""
"Debian 6.0 (<emphasis>squeeze</emphasis>) was released February 6th, 2011."
msgstr ""
"Debian 6.0 (<emphasis>Squeeze</emphasis>) a été publiée le 6 février 2011."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:963
msgid ""
"After the project decided, the 29th of July 2009, to <ulink url=\"http://www.";
"debian.org/News/2009/20090729\">adopt time-based freezes</ulink> so that new "
"releases would be published the first half of every even year.  Squeeze was "
"a one-time exception to the two-year policy in order to get into the new "
"time schedule."
msgstr ""
"Le Projet décida le 29 juillet 2009 d'adopter <ulink url=\"https://www.";
"debian.org/News/2009/20090729\">des gels temporaux</ulink> afin de pouvoir "
"publier les nouvelles versions en début d'année pair. Squeeze a été une "
"exception dans cette nouvelle politique de publication sur deux ans afin de "
"permettre de se calibrer sur cet agenda."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:970
msgid ""
"This policy was adopted in order to provide better predictability of "
"releases for users of the Debian distribution, and also allow Debian "
"developers to do better long-term planning.  A two-year release cycle "
"provided more time for disruptive changes, reducing inconveniences caused "
"for users.  Having predictable freezes was expected also to reduce overall "
"freeze time."
msgstr ""
"Cette politique a été adoptée pour fournir une meilleure prévisibilité aux "
"utilisateurs de Debian ainsi que pour permettre aux développeurs de Debian "
"d'optimiser leur planning sur le long terme. Un cycle de deux ans pour les "
"publications permet d'avoir plus de temps pour les changements "
"perturbateurs, ce qui réduit les désagréments occasionnés aux utilisateurs.  "
"Des dates de gel prévisibles devraient également permettre de réduire la "
"durée totale de la période de gel."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:977
msgid ""
"However, even though the freeze was expected in December 2009, the <ulink "
"url=\"http://www.debian.org/News/2010/20100806\";>announcement that squeeze "
"had frozen</ulink> came in August 2010, coinciding with the celebration of "
"the 10th annual DebConf meeting in New York."
msgstr ""
"Toutefois et bien que le gel était attendu pour décembre 2009, l'<ulink url="
"\"http://www.debian.org/News/2010/20100806\";>annonce du gel de squeeze</"
"ulink> arriva au mois d'août 2010, ce qui coïncida avec la célébration de la "
"dixième conférence DebConf de New York."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:983
msgid "New features include:"
msgstr "Les nouvelles fonctionnalités incluent :"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:988
msgid ""
"Linux Kernel 2.6.32, now completely free and without problematic firmware "
"files."
msgstr ""
"Le noyau Linux 2.6.32, maintenant complètement libre et sans les fichiers "
"problématiques des microprogrammes (« firmware »)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:994
msgid "libc: eglibc 2.11"
msgstr "libc : eglibc 2.11"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:999
msgid "GNOME 2.30.0 with some pieces of 2.32"
msgstr "La version 2.30.0 de GNOME avec quelques parties de 2.32"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1004
msgid "KDE 4.4.5"
msgstr "KDE 4.4.5"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1009
msgid "X.org 7.5"
msgstr "X.org 7.5"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1014
msgid "Xfce 4.6"
msgstr "Xfce 4.6"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1019
msgid "OpenOffice.org 3.2.1"
msgstr "OpenOffice.org 3.2.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1024
msgid "Apache 2.2.16"
msgstr "Apache 2.2.16"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1029
msgid "PHP 5.3.3"
msgstr "PHP 5.3.3"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1034
msgid "MySQL 5.1.49"
msgstr "MySQL 5.1.49"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1039
msgid "PostgreSQL 8.4.6"
msgstr "PostgreSQL 8.4.6"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1044
msgid "Samba 3.5.6"
msgstr "Samba 3.5.6"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1049
msgid "GCC 4.4"
msgstr "GCC 4.4"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1054
msgid "Perl 5.10"
msgstr "Perl 5.10"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1059
msgid "Python 2.6 and 3.1"
msgstr "Python 2.6 et 3.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1064
msgid ""
"10,000 new packages, for more than 29,000 binary packages built from nearly "
"15,000 source packages."
msgstr ""
"10000 nouveaux paquets pour plus de 29000 paquets binaires construits à "
"partir de presque 15000 paquets source."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1070
msgid ""
"DKMS, a framework to generate Linux kernel modules whose sources do not "
"reside in the Linux kernel source tree."
msgstr ""
"DKMS, une structure pour générer des modules du noyau Linux dont les sources "
"ne se trouvent pas dans l'arbre des sources du noyau Linux."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1076
msgid ""
"Dependency-based ordering of init scripts using insserv, allowing parallel "
"execution to shorten the time needed to boot the system."
msgstr ""
"Le démarrage basé sur les dépendances des scripts d'initialisation en "
"utilisant insserv, permettant l'exécution en parallèle de ces scripts, "
"réduisant le temps de démarrage du système."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1082
msgid "Two new ports, kfreebsd-i386 and kfreebsd-amd64."
msgstr "Deux nouveaux portages, kfreebsd-i386 et kfreebsd-amd64."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1087
msgid ""
"Many packages started using a new source package format based on quilt.  "
"This <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/Projects/DebSrc3.0\";>new format</"
"ulink>, called \"3.0 (quilt)\" for non-native packages, separates Debian "
"patches from the distributed source code.  A new format, \"3.0 (native)\", "
"was also introduced for native packages.  New features in these formats "
"include support for multiple upstream tarballs, support for bzip2 and lzma "
"compressed tarballs and the inclusion of binary files."
msgstr ""
"De nombreux paquets commencèrent à utiliser le nouveau format de paquet "
"source basé sur quilt. Ce <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/Projects/";
"DebSrc3.0\">nouveau format</ulink> appelé « 3.0 (quilt) » pour les paquets "
"non-natifs permet de séparer les rustines Debian du code source. Un nouveau "
"format « 3.0 (native) » fût également introduit pour les paquets natifs. Ces "
"formats incluent de nouvelles fonctionnalités telles que la gestion des "
"archives (tarball) amonts multiples, la gestion des formats de compression "
"bzip2 et lzma et l'inclusion de fichiers binaires.  "

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1096
msgid ""
"The twelfth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> was held in Banja Luka, Republic of "
"Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, from 24 to 30 July 2011, with DebCamp "
"preceding it from 17 to 23 July."
msgstr ""
"La douzième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> a eu lieu à Banja Luka, "
"en République Serbe, Bosnie-Herzégovine du 24 au 31 juillet 2011, précédée "
"par le <emphasis>DebCamp</emphasis> du 17 au 23 juillet."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1101
msgid ""
"The thirteenth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> was held in Managua, Nicaragua, "
"from 8 to 14 July 2012, with DebCamp preceding it from 1 to 6 July, and a "
"Debian Day on 7 July."
msgstr ""
"La treizième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> a eu lieu à Managua au "
"Nicaragua du 8 au 14 juillet 2012, précédée par le <emphasis>DebCamp</"
"emphasis> du 1er au 6 juillet et de la Journée Debian le 7 juillet."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1107
msgid "The 7.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 7.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1109
msgid ""
"Debian 7.0 (<emphasis>wheezy</emphasis>) was released May 4th, 2013.  This "
"new version of Debian included various interesting features such as <ulink "
"url=\"http://www.debian.org/News/2011/20110726b\";>multiarch support</ulink>, "
"several <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/News/2012/20120425\";>specific "
"tools to deploy private clouds</ulink>, an improved installer, and a "
"complete set of multimedia codecs and front-ends which removed the need for "
"third-party repositories."
msgstr ""
"Debian 7.0 (<emphasis>Wheezy</emphasis>) a été publiée le 4 mai 2013. Cette "
"nouvelle version de Debian incluait une variété intéressante de nouvelles "
"fonctionnalités telles que la gestion <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/";
"News/2011/20110726b\">multiarch</ulink> (architectures multiples), plusieurs "
"<ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/News/2012/20120425\";> outils spécifiques "
"pour le déploiement de cloud privé</ulink>, un installateur amélioré et un "
"ensemble complet de codecs multimédia et de front-ends qui supprima le "
"besoin de dépôts tiers."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1118
msgid ""
"After the release of Debian wheezy, the naming scheme for point releases was "
"<ulink url=\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-release/2013/05/msg01020.html";
"\">changed once again</ulink>: point releases will be named by the minor "
"version number, e.g. 7.1.  In the past point releases were named by the "
"micro number appended to major and minor number, e.g. 6.0.1."
msgstr ""
"Le schéma de nommage pour les versions ponctuelles fût à nouveau <ulink url="
"\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-release/2013/05/msg01020.html>modifié</"
"ulink> et cela juste après la publication de Debian wheezy. Ces dernières "
"seront dès lors nommée par un numéro de version mineur, par exemple 7.1. Par "
"le passé, les versions ponctuelles étaient nommée par un numéro de version "
"micro accolé aux numéros majeur et mineur, par exemple 6.0.1."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1126
msgid ""
"During the Debian Conference DebConf11, in July 2011, the \"multiarch support"
"\" was introduced.  This feature was a release goal for this release.  "
"Multiarch is a radical rethinking of the filesystem hierarchy with respect "
"to library and header paths, to make programs and libraries of different "
"hardware architectures easily installable in parallel on the very same "
"system.  This allows users to install packages from multiple architectures "
"on the same machine.  This is useful in various ways, but the most common is "
"installing both 64 and 32-bit software on the same machine and having "
"dependencies correctly resolved automatically.  This feature is described "
"extensively in the <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/Multiarch/HOWTO";
"\">Multiarch manual</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"La gestion multiarchitecture fût introduite durant la onzième conférence "
"DebConf. Cette fonctionnalité était alors un des buts de cette version. La "
"gestion multiarchitecture est une manière radicale de repenser la hiérarchie "
"du système de fichiers par rapport aux chemins des bibliothèques et des en-"
"têtes, afin de permettre à des programmes et à des bibliothèques "
"d'architecture matériel différentes d'être facilement installables en "
"parallèle sur le même système. C'est très utile pour de nombreuses raisons, "
"la plus commune étant de pouvoir installer des logiciels 32 et 64 bits sur "
"la même machine et ayant les dépendances correctement résolues. Cette "
"fonctionnalité est décrite en détails dans le <ulink url=\"https://wiki.";
"debian.org/Multiarch/HOWTO\"> manual multiarchitecture</ulink>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1138
msgid ""
"The installation process was greatly improved.  The system could be "
"installed using software speech, above all by visually impaired people who "
"do not use a Braille device.  Thanks to the combined efforts of a huge "
"number of translators, the installation system was available in 73 "
"languages, and more than a dozen of them were available for speech synthesis "
"too.  In addition, for the first time, Debian supported installation and "
"booting using UEFI for new 64-bit PCs, although there was no support for "
"<emphasis>Secure Boot</emphasis> yet."
msgstr ""
"La procédure d'installation a été grandement améliorée. Le système peut "
"désormais être installé à l'aide d'un logiciel de synthèse vocale, par "
"exemple pour les personnes malvoyantes ne disposant pas de périphérique "
"braille. Grâce à la contribution d'un grand nombre de traducteurs, le "
"système d'installation est disponible dans 73 langues et plus d'une dizaine "
"pour la synthèse vocale. De plus, et pour la première fois, Debian gère "
"l'installation et le démarrage UEFI pour les nouveaux PC 64 bits, mais sans "
"toutefois la gestion du <emphasis>démarrage sécurisé</emphasis> (Secure "
"Boot)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1148 project-history.en.dbk:1277
msgid "Other new features and updated software packages included:"
msgstr ""
"Les autres nouvelles fonctionnalités et paquets logiciels mis à jour "
"incluent :"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1153
msgid "Linux Kernel 3.2"
msgstr "Le noyau Linux 3.2"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1158
msgid "kFreeBSD kernel 8.3 and 9.0"
msgstr "Le noyau kFreeBSD 8.3 et 9.0"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1163
msgid "libc: eglibc 2.13"
msgstr "libc : eglibc 2.13"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1168
msgid "the GNOME 3.4 desktop environment"
msgstr "L'environnement de bureau GNOME 3.4"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1173
msgid "KDE Plasma Workspaces and KDE Applications 4.8.4"
msgstr "Les espaces de travail KDE Plasma et les applications KDE 4.8.4"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1178
msgid "the Xfce 4.8 desktop environment"
msgstr "L'environnement de bureau Xfce 4.8"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1183
msgid "X.org 7.7"
msgstr "X.org 7.7"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1188
msgid "LibreOffice 3.5.4 (replacing OpenOffice)"
msgstr "LibreOffice 3.5.4 (qui remplace OpenOffice)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1193
msgid "Xen Hypervisor 4.1.4"
msgstr "L'hyperviseur Xen 4.1.4"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1198
msgid "Apache 2.2.22"
msgstr "Apache 2.2.22"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1203
msgid "Tomcat 6.0.35 and 7.0.28"
msgstr "Tomcat 6.0.35 et 7.0.28"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1208
msgid "PHP 5.4"
msgstr "PHP 5.4"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1213
msgid "MySQL 5.5.30"
msgstr "MySQL 5.5.30"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1218
msgid "PostgreSQL 9.1"
msgstr "PostgreSQL 9.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1223
msgid "Samba 3.6.6"
msgstr "Samba 3.6.6"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1228
msgid "GCC 4.7 on PCs (4.6 elsewhere)"
msgstr "GCC 4.7 sur PC (et 4.6 ailleurs)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1233
msgid "Perl 5.14"
msgstr "Perl 5.14"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1238
msgid "Python 2.7"
msgstr "Python 2.7"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1243
msgid ""
"12,800 new packages, for more than 37,400 binary packages built from nearly "
"17,500 source packages."
msgstr ""
"12800 nouveaux paquets pour plus de 37400 paquets binaires construits à "
"partir de presque 17500 paquets source."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1249
msgid ""
"For more information on the new features introduced in this release, see the "
"<emphasis>What's new in Debian 7.0</emphasis> chapter of <emphasis>Wheezy</"
"emphasis> <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/releases/wheezy/releasenotes";
"\">Release Notes</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"Pour davantage d'informations sur les nouvelles fonctionnalités introduites "
"dans cette version, veuillez vous référer au chapitre <emphasis>Quoi de neuf "
"dans Debian 7.0</emphasis> de <emphasis>Wheezy</emphasis> des <ulink url="
"\"http://www.debian.org/releases/wheezy/releasenotes\";>notes de publication</"
"ulink>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1255
msgid ""
"The fourteenth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> was held in Vaumarcus, "
"Switzerland, from 11 to 18 August 2013, with DebCamp preceding it from 6 to "
"10 August, and a Debian Day on 11 August."
msgstr ""
"La quatorzième <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> a eu lieu à Vaumarcus en Suisse "
"du 11 au 18 août 2013, précédée par le <emphasis>DebCamp</emphasis> du 6 au "
"10 août et de la Journée Debian le 11 août."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1261
msgid "The 8.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 8.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1263
msgid "Debian 8.0 (<emphasis>Jessie</emphasis>) was released April 25th, 2015."
msgstr ""
"Debian 8.0 (<emphasis>Jessie</emphasis>) a été publiée le 25 avril 2015."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1271
msgid ""
"In the Debian Project Leader Elections of the previous four years the number "
"of voters had been usually around 40% of the existing Debian Developers"
msgstr ""
"Le pourcentage de participants aux élections du Chef de Projet Debian des "
"quatre dernières années tournaient généralement autour des 40%."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1266
msgid ""
"A major change in this release was the replacement of the init system: "
"systemd replaced sysvinit.  This new init system featured many improvements "
"and faster boot times.  Its inclusion, however, sparked a lot of debate in "
"the different mailing lists and even led to a General Resolution titled "
"<ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/vote/2014/vote_003\";>init system "
"coupling</ulink>.  which was voted by close to half of the "
"developers<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>."
msgstr ""
"Une modification majeure de cette version fût le remplacement du système "
"d'initialisation historique <emphasis>sysvinit</emphasis> par "
"<emphasis>systemd</emphasis> qui apportait de nombreuses améliorations et "
"des durées de démarrage plus courtes. Son adoption fût toutefois douloureuse "
"et créa de nombreux débats sur les listes de diffusion et se termina même "
"par une résolution générale intitulée <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/";
"vote/2014/vote_003\">couplage du système d'initialisation</ulink> qui fût "
"votée par près de la moitié des développeurs<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
"id=\"0\"/>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1282
msgid "Apache 2.4.10"
msgstr "Apache 2.4.10"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1287
msgid "Asterisk 11.13.1"
msgstr "Asterisk 11.13.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1292
msgid "GIMP 2.8.14"
msgstr "Gimp 2.8.14"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1297
msgid "an updated version of the GNOME desktop environment 3.14"
msgstr "Une version mise à niveau de l'environnement de bureau GNOME 3.14"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1302
msgid "GNU Compiler Collection 4.9.2"
msgstr "Collection de compilation GNU 4.9.2"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1307
msgid "Icedove 31.6.0 (an unbranded version of Mozilla Thunderbird)"
msgstr "Icedove 31.6.0 (version démarquée de Mozilla Thunderbird)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1312
msgid "Iceweasel 31.6.0esr (an unbranded version of Mozilla Firefox)"
msgstr "Iceweasel 31.6.0esr (version démarquée de Mozilla Firefox)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1317
msgid "KDE Plasma Workspaces and KDE Applications 4.11.13"
msgstr "Les espaces de travail KDE Plasma et les applications KDE 4.11.13"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1322
msgid "LibreOffice 4.3.3"
msgstr "LibreOffice 4.3.3"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1327
msgid "Linux 3.16.7-ctk9"
msgstr "Linux 3.16.7-ctk9"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1332
msgid "MariaDB 10.0.16 and MySQL 5.5.42"
msgstr "MariaDB 10.0.16 et MySQL 5.5.42"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1337
msgid "Nagios 3.5.1"
msgstr "Nagios 3.5.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1342
msgid "OpenJDK 7u75"
msgstr "OpenJDK 7u75"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1347
msgid "Perl 5.20.2"
msgstr "Perl 5.20.2"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1352
msgid "PHP 5.6.7"
msgstr "PHP 5.6.7"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1357
msgid "PostgreSQL 9.4.1"
msgstr "PostgreSQL 9.4.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1362
msgid "Python 2.7.9 and 3.4.2"
msgstr "Python 2.7.9 et 3.4.2"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1367
msgid "Samba 4.1.17"
msgstr "Samba 4.1.17"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1372
msgid "Tomcat 7.0.56 and 8.0.14"
msgstr "Tomcat 7.0.56 et 8.0.14"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1377
msgid "Xen Hypervisor 4.4.1"
msgstr "L'hyperviseur Xen 4.4.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1382
msgid "the Xfce 4.10 desktop environment"
msgstr "L'environnement de bureau Xfce 4.10"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1387
msgid ""
"more than 43,000 other ready-to-use software packages, built from nearly "
"20,100 source packages."
msgstr ""
"Plus de 43000 nouveaux paquets prêts à l'emploi construits à partir de "
"presque 20100 paquets source."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1393
msgid ""
"For more information on the new features introduced in this release, see the "
"<emphasis>What's new in Debian 8.0</emphasis> chapter of <emphasis>Jessie</"
"emphasis> <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/releasenotes";
"\">Release Notes</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"Pour davantage d'informations sur les nouvelles fonctionnalités introduites "
"dans cette version, veuillez vous référer au chapitre <emphasis>Quoi de neuf "
"dans Debian 8.0</emphasis> de <emphasis>Jessie</emphasis> des <ulink url="
"\"https://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/releasenotes\";>notes de "
"publication</ulink>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1400
msgid "The 9.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 9.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1402
msgid "Debian 9.0 (<emphasis>Stretch</emphasis>) was released June 17th, 2017."
msgstr "Debian 9.0 (<emphasis>Stretch</emphasis>) fût publiée le 17 juin 2017."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1405
msgid "New features and updated software packages included:"
msgstr "Les nouvelles fonctionnalités et mises à jour de paquets incluaient :"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1410
msgid "Apache 2.4.23"
msgstr "Apache 2.4.23"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1415
msgid "Bind 9.10"
msgstr "Bind 9.10"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1420
msgid "Calligra 2.9"
msgstr "Calligra 2.9"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1425
msgid "Emacs 4.88"
msgstr "Emacs 4.88"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1430
msgid "Firefox 50.0"
msgstr "Firefox 50.0"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1435
msgid "GNOME desktop environment 3.22"
msgstr "Environnement de bureau Gnome 3.22"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1440
msgid "GNU Compiler Collection 6.3"
msgstr "La collection de compilation GNU 6.3"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1445
msgid "GnuPG 2.1"
msgstr "GnuPG 2.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1450
msgid "KDE Plasma Workspaces and KDE Applications 5.8"
msgstr "L'espace de travail Plasma de KDE et ses applications version 5.8"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1455
msgid "LibreOffice 5.2.7"
msgstr "LibreOffice 5.2.7"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1460
msgid "Linux 4.9"
msgstr "Linux 4.9"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1465
msgid "MariaDB 10.1"
msgstr "MariaDB 10.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1470
msgid "OpenJDK 8"
msgstr "OpenJDK 8"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1475
msgid "OpenSSH 7.4p1"
msgstr "OpensSSH 7.4p1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1480
msgid "Perl 5.24"
msgstr "Perl 5.24"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1485
msgid "PHP 7.0"
msgstr "PHP 7.0"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1490
msgid "Postfix 3.1"
msgstr "Postfix 3.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1495
msgid "PostgreSQL 9.6"
msgstr "PostgreSQL 9.6"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1500
msgid "Python 3.5"
msgstr "Python 3.5"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1505
msgid "Samba 4.5.8"
msgstr "Samba 4.5.8"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1510
msgid "Xen Hypervisor 4.8.1"
msgstr "L'hyperviseur Xen 4.8.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1515
msgid "the Xfce 4.12 desktop environment"
msgstr "L'environnement de bureau Xfce 4.12"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1520
msgid ""
"more than 51,000 other ready-to-use software packages, built from nearly "
"25,000 source packages."
msgstr ""
"plus de 51000 paquets prêts à l'emploi construits à partir de près de "
"25000 paquets source."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1526
msgid ""
"For more information on the new features introduced in this release, see the "
"<emphasis>What's new in Debian 9.0</emphasis> chapter of <emphasis>Stretch</"
"emphasis> <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/releases/stretch/releasenotes";
"\">Release Notes</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"Pour davantage d'informations sur les nouvelles fonctionnalités introduites "
"dans cette version, veuillez vous référer au chapitre <emphasis>Quoi de neuf "
"dans Debian 9.0</emphasis>  des <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/";
"stretch/releasenotes\">notes de publication</ulink> de<emphasis>Stretch</"
"emphasis>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1534
msgid "Important Events"
msgstr "Événements importants"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1535
msgid "July 2000: Joel Klecker died"
msgstr "Juillet 2000 : décès de Joel Klecker"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1537
msgid ""
"On July 11th, 2000, Joel Klecker, who was also known as Espy, passed away at "
"21 years of age.  No one who saw 'Espy' in #mklinux, the Debian lists or "
"channels knew that behind this nickname was a young man suffering from a "
"form of <ulink url=\"http://mdausa.org/disease/dmd.html\";>Duchenne muscular "
"dystrophy</ulink>.  Most people only knew him as 'the Debian glibc and "
"powerpc guy' and had no idea of the hardships Joel fought.  Though "
"physically impaired, he shared his great mind with others."
msgstr ""
"Le 11 juillet 2000, Joel Klecker, aussi connu comme Espy, nous a quitté à "
"l'âge de 21 ans. Personne ne savait que celui qui se présentait sous le "
"pseudonyme d'Espy sur #mklinux était un jeune homme qui souffrait de <ulink "
"url=\"http://mdausa.org/disease/dmd.html\";>dystrophie musculaire de "
"Duchenne</ulink>. La plupart le connaissait seulement comme le « gars de la "
"glibc et de la powerpc dans Debian » et personne n'avait la moindre idée sur "
"les souffrances qu'il traversait. Bien que physiquement diminué, il "
"partageait son grand esprit avec les autres."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1546
msgid "Joel Klecker (also known as Espy) will be missed."
msgstr "Joel Klecker (alias Espy) sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1550
msgid "October 2000: Implementation of Package Pools"
msgstr "Octobre 2000 : implémentation des dépôts de paquets"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1552
msgid ""
"James Troup <ulink url=\"http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0010/";
"msg00007.html\">reported</ulink> that he has been working on re-implementing "
"the archive maintenance tools and switching to package pools.  From this "
"date, files are stored in a directory named after the corresponding source "
"package inside of the <filename>pools</filename> directory.  The "
"distribution directories will only contain Packages files that contain "
"references to the pool.  This simplifies overlapping distributions such as "
"testing and unstable.  The archive is also database-driven using PostgreSQL "
"which also speeds up lookups."
msgstr ""
"James Troup a <ulink url=\"http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-";
"announce-0010/msg00007.html\">rapporté</ulink> qu'il avait travaillé sur une "
"nouvelle implémentation des outils de maintenance de l'archive et avait "
"basculé sur le regroupement de paquets (pools). À partir de cette date, les "
"fichiers furent enregistrés dans un répertoire nommé d'après le paquet "
"source correspondant à l'intérieur du répertoire de pools. Ceci simplifie "
"grandement le chevauchement de distributions telles que testing et unstable. "
"L'archive est également structurée sous forme de bases de données ce qui "
"accélère fortement les recherches."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1563
msgid ""
"This concept of managing Debian's archives sort of like a package cache was "
"first introduced by Bdale Garbee in <ulink url=\"http://lists.debian.org/";
"debian-devel/1998/05/msg01607.html\">this email</ulink> to the debian-devel "
"list in May of 1998."
msgstr ""
"Ce concept de gérer les archives de Debian à la manière d'un cache de paquet "
"a été introduit en premier par Bdale Garbee dans ce <ulink url=\"http://";
"lists.debian.org/debian-devel/1998/05/msg01607.html\">message</ulink> à la "
"liste de diffusion debian-devel en mai 1998 déjà."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1570
msgid "March 2001: Christopher Rutter died"
msgstr "Mars 2001 : décès de Christopher Rutter"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1572
msgid ""
"On March 1st, 2001, Christopher Matthew Rutter (also known as cmr) was "
"killed after he was struck by a car at the age of 19.  Christopher was a "
"young and well known member of the Debian project helping the ARM port.  The "
"buildd.debian.org site is dedicated to his memory."
msgstr ""
"Le 1er mars 2001, Christopher Matthew Rutter (aussi connu sous le pseudonyme "
"« cmr ») a été tué à l'âge de 19 ans en étant percuté par une voiture.  "
"Christopher était un jeune et célèbre membre du projet Debian, aidant au "
"portage ARM."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1578
msgid "Chris Rutter will be missed."
msgstr "Chris Rutter sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1582
msgid "March 2001: Fabrizio Polacco died"
msgstr "Mars 2001 : décès de Fabrizio Polacco"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1584
msgid ""
"On March 28th, 2001, Fabrizio Polacco passed away after a long illness.  The "
"Debian Project honors his good work and strong dedication to Debian and Free "
"Software.  The contributions of Fabrizio will not be forgotten, and other "
"developers will step forward to continue his work."
msgstr ""
"Le 28 mars 2001, Fabrizio Polacco a disparu des suites d'une longue maladie. "
"Le projet Debian honore son bon travail ainsi que son fort dévouement à "
"Debian et au logiciel libre. Les contributions de Fabrizio ne seront pas "
"oubliées, les autres développeurs iront de l'avant pour continuer son "
"travail."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1590
msgid "Fabrizio Polacco will be missed."
msgstr "Fabrizio Polacco sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1594
msgid "July 2002: Martin Butterweck died"
msgstr "Juillet 2002 : décès de Martin Butterweck"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1596
msgid ""
"On July 21st, 2002, Martin Butterweck (also known as blendi) died after "
"battling leukemia.  Martin was a young member of the Debian project who "
"recently joined the project."
msgstr ""
"Le 21 juillet 2002, Martin Butterweck (aussi connu sous le pseudonyme "
"« blendi ») a disparu après avoir combattu la leucémie. Martin était un "
"jeune membre du projet Debian, qui avait rejoint récemment le projet."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1601
msgid "Martin Butterweck will be missed."
msgstr "Martin Butterweck sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1605
msgid "November 2002: Fire burnt Debian server"
msgstr "Novembre 2002 : incendie d'un serveur Debian"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1607
msgid ""
"Around 08:00 CET on November 20th, 2002, the University of Twente Network "
"Operations Center (NOC) caught fire.  The building burnt to the ground.  The "
"fire department gave up hope on protecting the server area.  Among other "
"things the NOC hosted satie.debian.org which contained both the security and "
"non-US archive as well as the new-maintainer (nm) and quality assurance "
"(qa)  databases.  Debian rebuilt these services on the host klecker, which "
"was recently moved from the U.S.A.  to the Netherlands."
msgstr ""
"Le 20 novembre 2002 aux environs de 8 heures CET, le centre des opérations "
"réseau (NOC) de l'Université de Twente a pris feu. L'immeuble a brûlé "
"entièrement. Les pompiers avaient abandonné tout espoir de pouvoir protéger "
"la zone des serveurs. Le NOC hébergeait satie.debian.org qui contenait les "
"archives de sécurité et non-US, de même que les bases de données des "
"nouveaux responsables (nm) et de l'assurance qualité (qa). Debian a "
"reconstruit ces services sur la machine klecker, qui avait récemment "
"déménagé des États-Unis vers les Pays-Bas."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1618
#| msgid "November 2002: Fire burnt Debian server"
msgid "November 2003: Several Debian server hacked"
msgstr "Novembre 2003 : piratage de plusieurs serveurs Debian"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1620
msgid ""
"Starting 17:00 UTC on November 19th, 2003, four of the project's main Web "
"servers for bug tracking, mailing lists, security and Web searches <ulink "
"url=\"https://www.debian.org/News/2003/20031202\";>have been compromised</"
"ulink>. The services were taken down for inspection and fortunately it could "
"be confirmed, that the package archive was not affected by this compromise. "
"On November 25th, all services were recovered and back online."
msgstr ""
"Le 19 novembre 2003 à 17:00 UTC, quatre des principaux serveurs web du "
"projet pour le pistage de bugs, les listes de diffusion, la sécurité et les "
"recherches web furent <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/";
"News/2003/20031202\">compromis</ulink>. Les services furent interrompus pour "
"permettre une inspection et il fût heureusement confirmé que les archives "
"des paquets ne furent pas affectés par cette attaque. Le 25 novembre, tous "
"les services furent remis en route."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1630
msgid "May 2004: Manuel Estrada Sainz and Andrés García Solier died"
msgstr "Mai 2004 : décès de Manuel Estrada Sainz et Andrés García"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1632
msgid ""
"On May 9th Manuel Estrada Sainz (ranty) and Andrés García Solier (ErConde)  "
"were killed in a tragic car accident while returning from the Free Software "
"conference held at Valencia, Spain."
msgstr ""
"Le 9 mai, Manuel Estrada Sainz (alias ranty) et Andrés García (alias "
"ErConde) ont été tués dans un tragique accident de voiture en rentrant de la "
"conférence sur les logiciels libres tenue à Valence, en Espagne."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1637
msgid "Manuel Estrada Sainz and Andrés García Solier will be missed."
msgstr "Manuel Estrada Sainz et Andrés García seront regrettés."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1641
msgid "July 2005: Jens Schmalzing died"
msgstr "Juillet 2005 : décès de Jens Schmalzing"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1643
msgid ""
"On July 30th Jens Schmalzing (jensen) died in a tragic accident at his "
"workplace in Munich, Germany.  He was involved in Debian as a maintainer of "
"several packages, as supporter of the PowerPC port, as a member of the "
"kernel team, and was instrumental in taking the PowerPC kernel package to "
"version 2.6.  He also maintained the Mac-on-Linux emulator and its kernel "
"modules, helped with the installer and with local Munich activities."
msgstr ""
"Le 30 juillet, Jens Schmalzing (alias jensen) a été tué dans un tragique "
"accident sur son lieu de travail à Munich en Allemagne. Il était impliqué "
"dans Debian comme responsable de plusieurs paquets, supporteur du portage "
"PowerPC, membre de l'équipe du noyau, et a aidé à migrer le paquet du noyau "
"pour PowerPC vers la version 2.6. Il maintenait également l'émulateur « Mac-"
"on-Linux » et ses modules du noyau, et a aidé à la mise au point de "
"l'installateur ainsi qu'aux activités locales à Munich."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1651
msgid "Jens Schmalzing will be missed."
msgstr "Jens Schmalzing sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1655
msgid "December 2008: Thiemo Seufer died"
msgstr "Décembre 2008 : décès de Thiemo Seufer"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1657
msgid ""
"On December 26th Thiemo Seufer (ths) died in a car accident.  He was the "
"lead maintainer of the MIPS and MIPSEL port and he had also contributed at "
"length in the debian-installer long before <ulink url=\"http://lists.debian.";
"org/debian-newmaint/2004/06/msg00021.html\">he became a Debian developer</"
"ulink> in 2004.  As a member of the QEMU team he wrote most of the MIPS "
"emulation layer."
msgstr ""
"Thiemo Seufer (ths) est décédé le 26 décembre dans un accident de voiture. "
"Il dirigeait la maintenance des portages MIPS et MIPSEL et il avait aussi "
"participé en profondeur au développement de l'installateur Debian bien avant "
"de <ulink url=\"http://lists.debian.org/debian-newmaint/2004/06/msg00021.html";
"\">devenir un développeur Debian</ulink> en 2004. Membre de l'équipe QEMU, "
"il écrivit la plupart de la couche d'émulation de MIPS."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1665
msgid "Thiemo Seufer will be missed."
msgstr "Thiemo Seufer sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1669
msgid "August 2010: Frans Pop died"
msgstr "Août 2010 : décès de Frans Pop"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1671
msgid ""
"Frans Pop (fjp) died on August 20th.  Frans was involved in Debian as a "
"maintainer of several packages, a supporter of the S/390 port, and one of "
"the most involved members of the Debian Installer team.  He was a Debian "
"listmaster, editor and release manager of the Installation Guide and the "
"release notes, as well as a Dutch translator."
msgstr ""
"Frans Pop (fjp) est décédé en août 2010. Frans était impliqué dans Debian "
"comme le mainteneur de plusieurs paquets, comme un supporter du portage "
"S/390 ainsi comme un des membres les plus impliqués de l'équipe de "
"l'installateur Debian. Il était un listmaster de Debian, le rédacteur et le "
"gestionnaire de publications du « Guide de l'Installation » et des notes de "
"publications, et également un traducteur en hollandais."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1678
msgid "Frans Pop will be missed."
msgstr "Frans Pop sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1682
msgid "April 2011: Adrian von Bidder died"
msgstr "Avril 2011 : décès de Adrian von Bidder"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1684
msgid ""
"Adrian von Bidder (cmot) died on April 17th.  Adrian was one of the founding "
"members and secretary of debian.ch, he sparked many ideas that made Debian "
"Switzerland be what it is today.  Adrian also actively maintained software "
"in the Debian package archive, and represented the project at numerous "
"events."
msgstr ""
"Adrian von Bidder (cmot) est décédé le 17 avril. Adrian faisait partie des "
"membres fondateurs et était le secrétaire de debian.ch ; il suscita de "
"nombreuses idées qui permirent à Debian Suisse d'être ce qu'elle est "
"aujourd'hui. Adrian a aussi activement maintenu des paquets dans l'archive "
"de Debian et a représenté le projet dans de nombreux événements."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1690
msgid "Adrian von Bidder will be missed."
msgstr "Adrian von Bidder sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1694
msgid "May 2013: Ray Dassen died"
msgstr "Mai 2013 : décès de Ray Dassen"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1696
msgid ""
"Ray Dassen (jdassen) died on May 18th.  Ray was a Debian Developer for "
"incredible 19 years.  He joined the project in 1994, and continued to be an "
"active contributor until his passing.  Ray was one of the founding members "
"of the Debian GNOME team, his friendliness and willingness to help fostered "
"a spirit of collaboration within the GNOME team.  He continued his "
"involvement within Debian as the maintainer of several packages, most "
"notably the Gnumeric spreadsheet."
msgstr ""
"Ray Dassen (jdassen) est décédé le 18 mai. Il était développeur Debian "
"depuis plus de 19 années. Il a rejoint le projet en 1994 et a continué "
"d'être un contributeur actif jusqu'à son décès. Ray était un des membres "
"fondateurs de l'équipe Debian GNOME ; sa gentillesse et sa volonté ont "
"participé à créer un état d'esprit de collaboration avec l'équipe GNOME.  Il "
"continua son engagement en étant le mainteneur de plusieurs paquets dont le "
"plus notable était le tableur Gnumeric."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1705
msgid "Ray Dassen will be missed."
msgstr "Ray Dassen sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1709
msgid "July 2014: Peter Miller died"
msgstr "Juillet 2014 : décès de Peter Miller"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1711
msgid ""
"Peter Miller died on July 27th.  Peter was a relative newcomer to the Debian "
"project, but his contributions to Free and Open Source Software go back to "
"the late 1980s.  Peter was significant contributor to GNU gettext as well as "
"being the main upstream author and maintainer of other projects that ship as "
"part of Debian, including, but not limited to srecord, aegis and cook.  "
"Peter was also the author of the paper <emphasis>Recursive Make Considered "
"Harmful</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
"Peter Miller est décédé le 27 juillet.  Peter était relativement nouveau "
"dans le projet Debian, mais ses contributions aux Logiciels Libres remontent "
"à la fin des années 1980. Il était un contributeur important à GNU gettext "
"ainsi que l'auteur et mainteneur principal d'autres projets faisant partie "
"intégrale de Debian, incluant sans s'y limiter srecord, aegis et cook.  "
"Peter était aussi l'auteur du papier <emphasis>Recursive Make Considered "
"Harmful</emphasis>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1719
msgid "Peter Miller will be missed."
msgstr "Peter Miller sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1723
msgid "February 2015: Clytie Siddall died"
msgstr "Février 2015 : décès de Clytie Siddall"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1725
msgid ""
"Clytie Siddall died in February 2015.  Clytie was a contributor of "
"Vietnamese translations to Debian and other projects for many years.  Within "
"Debian she worked on translations for the installer, dpkg, apt and various "
"documentation.  She also contributed translations within the GNOME community "
"and many other projects.  Clytie was also a GNOME foundation member between "
"2005 and 2007."
msgstr ""
"Clytie Siddall est décédée en février 2015. Clytie contribuait depuis "
"longtemps à la traduction vietnamienne de Debian ainsi qu'à de nombreux "
"autres projets. Au sein de Debian, elle a travaillé sur la traduction de "
"l'installateur, dpkg, apt et divers autres documentations. Elle a aussi "
"contribué à la traduction au sein de la communauté GNOME et bien d'autres "
"projets. Clytie était également membre de la fondation GNOME entre 2005 et "
"2007."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1732
msgid "Clytie Siddall will be missed."
msgstr "Clytie Siddall sera regrettée."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1736
msgid "December 2015: Ian Murdock died"
msgstr "Décembre 2015 : décès de Ian Murdock"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1738
msgid ""
"Ian Murdock, the founder of the Debian Project and its community, died in "
"December 2015.  Ian was introduced to computers early in his life, he "
"started actively programming at nine years of age.  With the idea and the "
"opportunity to make something better, he started the Debian Project in "
"August of 1993.  At that time, the whole concept of a \"distribution\" of "
"Linux was new.  Inspired as he said by Linus Torvalds' own sharing of Linux, "
"he released Debian with the intention that this distribution should be made "
"openly, in the spirit of Linux and GNU.  Ian's dream lives on: Debian is "
"made up of a strong community that has fostered development, growth, and "
"wonder.  It remains incredibly active with thousands of developers working "
"untold hours to bring the world a reliable and secure operating system.  "
"Debian has sparked the interest, curiosity, and passion of those who want to "
"make something better.  Then, now, and far into the future."
msgstr ""
"Ian Murdock, le fondateur du projet Debian et de sa communauté, est décédé "
"en décembre 2015. Ian a très vite été en contact avec des ordinateurs et a "
"d'ailleurs commencé à programmer dès l'âge de neuf ans. Dans l'idée et "
"l'opportunité de faire quelque chose de mieux, il a débuté le projet Debian "
"en août 1993. À cette époque, le concept même de « distribution » de Linux "
"était nouveau. Inspiré selon ses mots par le partage de Linux par Linus "
"Torvalds, il publia Debian avec l'intention que cette distribution soit "
"construite de manière ouverte, dans l'esprit de Linux et GNU. Le rêve de Ian "
"se poursuit : Debian est composée d'une forte communauté qui a favorisé le "
"développement, la croissance et l'admiration. Elle reste incroyablement "
"active avec des milliers de développeurs travaillant d'innombrables heures "
"pour amener au monde un système d'exploitation fiable et sécurisé. Debian a "
"suscité intérêt, curiosité et passion chez celles et ceux qui veulent faire "
"quelque chose de mieux."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1753
msgid ""
"The Debian 9 <emphasis>Stretch</emphasis> release was dedicated in his "
"memory."
msgstr "Debian 9 <emphasis>Stretch</emphasis> lui a été dédiée."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1756
msgid "Ian Murdock will be missed."
msgstr "Ian Murdock sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1760
msgid "September 2016: Kristoffer H. Rose died"
msgstr "Septembre 2016 : décès de Kristoffer H. Rose"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1762
msgid ""
"Kristoffer H.  Rose died on September 17th 2016 after a long battle with "
"myelofibrosis.  Kristoffer was a Debian contributor from the very early days "
"of the project, and the upstream author of several packages, such as the "
"LaTeX package Xy-pic and FlexML.  On his return to the project after several "
"years' absence, many of us had the pleasure of meeting Kristoffer during "
"DebConf15 in Heidelberg."
msgstr ""
"Kristoffer H. Rose est décédé le 17 septembre 2016 après une longue bataille "
"contre la myélofibrose. Kristoffer était un contributeur Debian dès les "
"premiers jours du projet et l'auteur de plusieurs paquets dont le paquet "
"LateX Xy-pic et FlexML. De retour au projet après plusieurs années "
"d'absence, nous avons été nombreux à avoir le plaisir de rencontrer "
"Kristoffer à la DebConf15 à Heidelberg."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1770
msgid "Kristoffer H.  Rose will be missed."
msgstr "Kristoffer H. Rose sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1776
msgid "What's Next?"
msgstr "Et après ?"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1778
msgid ""
"The Debian Project continues to work on the <emphasis>unstable</emphasis> "
"distribution (codenamed <emphasis>sid</emphasis>, after the evil and "
"\"unstable\" kid next door from the <emphasis>Toy Story 1</emphasis> who "
"should never be let out into the world).  Sid is the permanent name for the "
"unstable distribution and is always 'Still In Development'.  Most new or "
"updated packages are uploaded into this distribution."
msgstr ""
"Le projet Debian continue son travail sur la distribution "
"<emphasis>unstable</emphasis> (nom de code <emphasis>Sid</emphasis>, d'après "
"le démoniaque et instable gamin du film « Toy Story 1 », qui ne devrait "
"jamais être lâché dans le monde réel). Sid est le nom permanent donné à la "
"distribution instable qui est « Still in Development » (NDT : toujours en "
"développement). La plupart des nouveaux paquets ou des paquets mis à jour "
"sont placés dans cette distribution."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1786
msgid ""
"The <emphasis>testing</emphasis> release is intended to become the next "
"stable release and is currently codenamed <emphasis>buster</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
"Il est prévu que la version de test (<emphasis>testing</emphasis>) devienne "
"la prochaine distribution stable, de nom de code <emphasis>Buster</emphasis>."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1793
msgid "The Debian Manifesto"
msgstr "Le Manifeste de Debian"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1795
msgid "Written by Ian A.  Murdock, Revised 01/06/94"
msgstr ""
"Écrit par Ian A. Murdock, révisé le 01/06/94, traduction française par "
"Christophe Le Bars"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1797
msgid "What is Debian Linux?"
msgstr "Qu'est-ce que Debian Linux ?"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1799
msgid ""
"Debian Linux is a brand-new kind of Linux distribution.  Rather than being "
"developed by one isolated individual or group, as other distributions of "
"Linux have been developed in the past, Debian is being developed openly in "
"the spirit of Linux and GNU.  The primary purpose of the Debian project is "
"to finally create a distribution that lives up to the Linux name.  Debian is "
"being carefully and conscientiously put together and will be maintained and "
"supported with similar care."
msgstr ""
"Debian Linux est une toute nouvelle sorte de distribution Linux. Au lieu "
"d'être développée par une personne isolée ou un groupe, comme les autres "
"distributions de Linux ont pu l'être dans le passé, Debian est développée de "
"manière ouverte dans l'esprit de Linux et de GNU. Le premier objectif du "
"projet Debian est de créer enfin une distribution qui vivrait selon la "
"nature du nom Linux. Debian est soigneusement et consciencieusement "
"construite et sera maintenue et gérée avec la même attention."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1808
msgid ""
"It is also an attempt to create a non-commercial distribution that will be "
"able to effectively compete in the commercial market.  It will eventually be "
"distributed by The Free Software Foundation on CD-ROM, and The Debian Linux "
"Association will offer the distribution on floppy disk and tape along with "
"printed manuals, technical support and other end-user essentials.  All of "
"the above will be available at little more than cost, and the excess will be "
"put toward further development of free software for all users.  Such "
"distribution is essential to the success of the Linux operating system in "
"the commercial market, and it must be done by organizations in a position to "
"successfully advance and advocate free software without the pressure of "
"profits or returns."
msgstr ""
"C'est aussi une tentative pour créer une distribution non commerciale qui "
"sera capable de véritablement rivaliser sur le marché commercial. Elle sera "
"éventuellement distribuée par la « Free Software Foundation » sur cédérom et "
"« l'association Debian Linux » fournira la distribution sur disquette ou sur "
"bande accompagnée de manuels imprimés, le support technique et les autres "
"besoins de l'utilisateur final. Tout cela sera disponible pour un peu plus "
"que le prix de revient, et le bénéfice sera utilisé pour d'autres "
"développements de logiciels libres pour tous les utilisateurs. Une telle "
"distribution est essentielle pour le succès du système d'exploitation Linux "
"sur le marché commercial et elle doit être faite par des organisations ayant "
"la possibilité de faire progresser avec succès et de défendre l'informatique "
"libre sans la pression du profit ou de la rentabilité."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1821
msgid "Why is Debian being constructed?"
msgstr "Pourquoi Debian a-t-elle été conçue ?"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1823
msgid ""
"Distributions are essential to the future of Linux.  Essentially, they "
"eliminate the need for the user to locate, download, compile, install and "
"integrate a fairly large number of essential tools to assemble a working "
"Linux system.  Instead, the burden of system construction is placed on the "
"distribution creator, whose work can be shared with thousands of other "
"users.  Almost all users of Linux will get their first taste of it through a "
"distribution, and most users will continue to use a distribution for the "
"sake of convenience even after they are familiar with the operating system.  "
"Thus, distributions play a very important role indeed."
msgstr ""
"Les distributions sont essentielles pour le futur de Linux. En premier lieu, "
"elles éliminent le besoin pour l'utilisateur de repérer, télécharger, "
"compiler, installer et d'intégrer un grand nombre d'outils essentiels "
"permettant de construire un système Linux fonctionnel. Au lieu de cela, la "
"charge de l'assemblage du système est supportée par le créateur de la "
"distribution, dont le travail peut être partagé par des milliers d'autres "
"utilisateurs. La plupart des utilisateurs goûteront en premier lieu à Linux "
"au travers d'une distribution et la plupart des utilisateurs continueront à "
"utiliser une distribution pour profiter de ses avantages même lorsqu'ils "
"seront familiers avec le système d'exploitation. Par conséquent, les "
"distributions jouent un rôle très important."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1834
msgid ""
"Despite their obvious importance, distributions have attracted little "
"attention from developers.  There is a simple reason for this: they are "
"neither easy nor glamorous to construct and require a great deal of ongoing "
"effort from the creator to keep the distribution bug-free and up-to-date.  "
"It is one thing to put together a system from scratch; it is quite another "
"to ensure that the system is easy for others to install, is installable and "
"usable under a wide variety of hardware configurations, contains software "
"that others will find useful, and is updated when the components themselves "
"are improved."
msgstr ""
"En dépit de leur importance évidente, les distributions ont peu attiré "
"l'attention des développeurs.  Il y a une simple raison à cela : elles ne "
"sont ni faciles ni enthousiasmantes à construire et requièrent beaucoup "
"d'effort continu de la part du créateur pour garder la distribution sans "
"erreur et à jour.  C'est une chose d'assembler un système à partir de rien ; "
"cela en est une autre de s'assurer que le système est facile à installer "
"pour d'autres, qu'il est installable et utilisable avec une large variété de "
"configurations matérielles, qu'il contient des logiciels que d'autres "
"trouveront utiles et qu'il est mis à jour lorsque les composants eux-mêmes "
"sont améliorés."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1844
msgid ""
"Many distributions have started out as fairly good systems, but as time "
"passes attention to maintaining the distribution becomes a secondary "
"concern.  A case-in-point is the Softlanding Linux System (better known as "
"SLS).  It is quite possibly the most bug-ridden and badly maintained Linux "
"distribution available; unfortunately, it is also quite possibly the most "
"popular.  It is, without question, the distribution that attracts the most "
"attention from the many commercial \"distributors\" of Linux that have "
"surfaced to capitalize on the growing popularity of the operating system."
msgstr ""
"Beaucoup de distributions ont commencé comme des systèmes réellement bons, "
"mais le temps passant, l'attention pour maintenir la distribution est "
"devenue une préoccupation secondaire.  La « Softlanding Linux "
"System » (mieux connue comme SLS) est un cas exemplaire.  C'est certainement "
"la distribution Linux disponible contenant le plus de bogues et la plus mal "
"maintenue ; malheureusement, c'est certainement aussi la plus populaire.  "
"C'est, sans discussion, la distribution qui attire le plus l'attention des "
"nombreux « distributeurs » commerciaux de Linux qui sont apparus pour "
"capitaliser la popularité croissante du système d'exploitation."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1854
msgid ""
"This is a bad combination indeed, as most people who obtain Linux from these "
"\"distributors\" receive a bug-ridden and badly maintained Linux "
"distribution.  As if this wasn't bad enough, these \"distributors\" have a "
"disturbing tendency to misleadingly advertise non-functional or extremely "
"unstable \"features\" of their product.  Combine this with the fact that the "
"buyers will, of course, expect the product to live up to its advertisement "
"and the fact that many may believe it to be a commercial operating system "
"(there is also a tendency not to mention that Linux is free nor that it is "
"distributed under the GNU General Public License).  To top it all off, these "
"\"distributors\" are actually making enough money from their effort to "
"justify buying larger advertisements in more magazines; it is the classic "
"example of unacceptable behavior being rewarded by those who simply do not "
"know any better.  Clearly something needs to be done to remedy the situation."
msgstr ""
"C'est une mauvaise combinaison en fait, puisque la plupart des gens qui "
"obtiennent Linux de ces « distributeurs » reçoivent une distribution Linux "
"pleine de bogues et mal maintenue.  Comme si cela ne suffisait pas, ces "
"« distributeurs » ont une fâcheuse tendance à vanter de manière trompeuse "
"des caractéristiques non fonctionnelles ou extrêmement instables de leurs "
"produits.  Ajoutez cela au fait que l'acheteur attendra, bien sûr, que le "
"produit corresponde à sa publicité et au fait que beaucoup pourront voir "
"Linux comme un système commercial (ils ont aussi une tendance à ne pas "
"mentionner que Linux est libre, ni qu'il est distribué sous la licence "
"GNU).  Enfin, ces distributeurs font aujourd'hui suffisamment d'argent avec "
"leurs efforts pour justifier l'achat de pages de publicité plus importantes "
"dans plus de journaux ; c'est un exemple classique d'un comportement "
"inacceptable récompensé par ceux qui ne connaissent rien de mieux.  "
"Clairement, quelque chose doit être fait pour remédier à cette situation."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1870
msgid "How will Debian attempt to put an end to these problems?"
msgstr "Comment Debian tente-t-elle de mettre fin à ces problèmes ?"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1872
msgid ""
"The Debian design process is open to ensure that the system is of the "
"highest quality and that it reflects the needs of the user community.  By "
"involving others with a wide range of abilities and backgrounds, Debian is "
"able to be developed in a modular fashion.  Its components are of high "
"quality because those with expertise in a certain area are given the "
"opportunity to construct or maintain the individual components of Debian "
"involving that area.  Involving others also ensures that valuable "
"suggestions for improvement can be incorporated into the distribution during "
"its development; thus, a distribution is created based on the needs and "
"wants of the users rather than the needs and wants of the constructor.  It "
"is very difficult for one individual or small group to anticipate these "
"needs and wants in advance without direct input from others."
msgstr ""
"Le processus d'élaboration de Debian est ouvert pour garantir que le système "
"soit de la plus haute qualité et qu'il reflète les besoins de l'ensemble des "
"utilisateurs.  En impliquant des gens d'une grande variété de savoirs et "
"d'horizons, Debian peut être développée de manière modulaire.  Ces "
"composants sont de haute qualité car les personnes dotées d'une expertise "
"dans un certain domaine auront l'opportunité de construire et de maintenir "
"les composants individuels de ce domaine.  Impliquer ces gens garantit aussi "
"que des suggestions valables pour l'amélioration pourront être incorporées "
"dans la distribution pendant son développement ; de cette façon, la création "
"d'une distribution est basée sur les besoins et les désirs des utilisateurs "
"plutôt que sur les besoins et les désirs d'un constructeur.  Il est très "
"difficile pour une personne seule ou un petit groupe d'anticiper ces besoins "
"et ces désirs à l'avance sans une participation directe d'autres personnes."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1886
msgid ""
"Debian Linux will also be distributed on physical media by the Free Software "
"Foundation and the Debian Linux Association.  This provides Debian to users "
"without access to the Internet or FTP and additionally makes products and "
"services such as printed manuals and technical support available to all "
"users of the system.  In this way, Debian may be used by many more "
"individuals and organizations than is otherwise possible, the focus will be "
"on providing a first-class product and not on profits or returns, and the "
"margin from the products and services provided may be used to improve the "
"software itself for all users whether they paid to obtain it or not."
msgstr ""
"Debian Linux sera aussi distribuée sur support physique par la « Free "
"Software Foundation » et « l'association Debian Linux ».  Ainsi, Debian sera "
"accessible aux utilisateurs sans accès à Internet ou FTP et offrira des "
"produits et des services tels que manuels imprimés et support technique à "
"tous les utilisateurs du système.  De cette manière, Debian pourra être "
"utilisée par beaucoup plus de personnes et d'organisations qu'il ne serait "
"possible autrement, le but étant d'offrir un produit de qualité et non des "
"profits, et les bénéfices des produits et des services offerts pourront être "
"utilisés pour améliorer le logiciel lui-même pour tous les utilisateurs "
"qu'ils aient payé ou non pour l'obtenir."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1897
msgid ""
"The Free Software Foundation plays an extremely important role in the future "
"of Debian.  By the simple fact that they will be distributing it, a message "
"is sent to the world that Linux is not a commercial product and that it "
"never should be, but that this does not mean that Linux will never be able "
"to compete commercially.  For those of you who disagree, I challenge you to "
"rationalize the success of GNU Emacs and GCC, which are not commercial "
"software but which have had quite an impact on the commercial market "
"regardless of that fact."
msgstr ""
"La « Free Software Foundation » joue un rôle extrêmement important pour le "
"futur de Debian.  Par le simple fait qu'elle le distribuera, un message est "
"envoyé au monde : Linux n'est pas un produit commercial et il ne le sera "
"jamais, mais cela ne veut pas dire que Linux ne sera jamais capable de "
"rivaliser commercialement.  Pour ceux d'entre vous qui ne sont pas d'accord, "
"je vous demande d'observer le succès du GNU Emacs et de GCC, qui ne sont pas "
"des produits commerciaux mais qui ont eu malgré cela un impact certain sur "
"le marché commercial."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1906
msgid ""
"The time has come to concentrate on the future of Linux rather than on the "
"destructive goal of enriching oneself at the expense of the entire Linux "
"community and its future.  The development and distribution of Debian may "
"not be the answer to the problems that I have outlined in the Manifesto, but "
"I hope that it will at least attract enough attention to these problems to "
"allow them to be solved."
msgstr ""
"Le temps est venu de se concentrer sur le futur de Linux plutôt que sur le "
"but destructeur d'enrichir quelqu'un au détriment de la communauté Linux "
"tout entière et de son avenir.  Le développement et la distribution de "
"Debian ne sont peut-être pas la réponse aux problèmes que j'ai soulignés "
"dans ce manifeste, mais j'espère qu'elle attirera au moins suffisamment "
"l'attention sur ces problèmes pour permettre de les résoudre."