Ugh, more mac-install diffs
Well, I used the debian-install-3a.txt, which includes some of the changes
I made to debian-install-3.txt, and diffed it against debian-mac-4.txt. I
think. I'm sorry, but I'm still figuring this out. If you want, I'll just
do it the old fashioned way...
Russell
--- debian-mac-4.txt Wed Jun 28 12:51:13 2000
+++ debian-mac-3a.txt Wed Jun 28 13:15:26 2000
@@ -42,9 +42,9 @@
required to partition your hard drive if you wish Linux to reside on the
same hard drive as the MacOS. This can be a lengthy and tedious process but
is also highly dangerous. If in any doubt backup before going any further
-and ensure you have the original system and software disks to hand.
+and ensure you have the original system and software disks on hand.
- Check out if your system is suited for Linux/m68k
+ Check to see if your system is suited for Linux/m68k
(www.linux-m68k.org/status/sysreq.html)
Read the Linux/m68k FAQ (www.linux-m68k.org)
Check the Macintosh project web site.
@@ -56,9 +56,8 @@
You will need Disk Partitioning software. As part of the partitioning
process you will need to edit the partition type. If your chosen editor
lacks this functionality you will be able to do it as part of the
-installation process. You may need StuffIt expander (5.5 or newer) or
-MacGzip in order to unpack or decompress the installation files you
-downloaded.
+installation process. You may need StuffIt expander and MacGzip in order to
+unpack or decompress the installation files you downloaded.
Files you will need.
@@ -69,37 +68,48 @@
list of mirror sites can be found at www.debian.org/distrib/ftplist. Please
choose the site closest to you. No matter which site you use, the path to
locate the files should always be:
- debian/dists/potato/main/disks-m68k/current/
+ /debian/dists/potato/main/disks-m68k/current/
+ You may need to place /pub before the /debian for some mirrors.
-You will need these files.
+You will need all of these files:
mac/linux (install kernel)
mac/root.bin (install ramdisk image)
mac/drivers.tgz (kernel loadable modules archive)
mac/images-1.44/rescue.bin (boot floppy image)
mac/images-1.44/driver.bin (drivers floppy image, see drivers.tgz)
mac/Penguin*.hqx (Penguin boot loader and documents)
+ base2_2.tgz (base System)
+
+OR you will need these two files:
macinstall.tgz (tar archive of all the files above)
base2_2.tgz (base System)
-When downloading the precise directory structure, as shown on the FTP site,
+When downloading, the precise directory structure, as shown on the FTP site,
needs to be preserved (with base2_2.tgz in some folder, and a subdirectory
-mac/ and mac/images-1.44/ with the correct files in). If you downloaded the
+mac/ and mac/images-1.44/ with the correct files in it). If you downloaded the
macinstall.tgz archive, just unpack it somewhere on your hard disk, e.g. in
a directory named "install" (the most recent version of StuffIt Expander
will handle the tar format) and the correct mac/ directory structure will be
-created. macinstall.tgz may contain more files than absolutely needed for
-installation, don't worry about that. Just copy base2_2.tgz into the directory
-holding the install directory and you're set.
-
-The files rescue.bin and driver.bin are not MacBinary encoded, using MacBinary
-mode will corrupt these files. So use a simply binary transfer protocol. The
-file base2_2.tgz is a gzipped encoded file and will transfer properly. If your
-FTP application doesn't automatically decompress these files, decode using
-StuffIt Expander or other decoder. Do not decompress the base2_2.tgz or
-drivers.tgz files this will be done for you as part of the installation
-process. You need these images because the Installer requires MS-DOS floppy
-images (the rescue.bin and driver.bin files) to install the kernel and modules.
+created. Just copy base2_2.tgz into the directory holding the mac/
+subdirectory and you're set.
+The files (mac/rescue.bin and mac/driver.bin) are not MacBinary encoded,
+using MacBinary mode will corrupt these files. So use a simply binary
+transfer protocol. The file base2_2.tgz is a gzipped encoded file and will
+transfer properly. If your FTP application doesn't automatically decompress
+these files, decode using StuffIt Expander or other decoder. Do not
+decompress the base2_2.tgz or drivers.tgz files. This will be done for you as
+part of the installation process. You need these images because the
+Installer requires MS-DOS floppy images (the rescue.bin and driver.bin
+files) to install the kernel and modules.
+
+If you chose to install from the floppy images, create a new folder named
+"install". Move the base2_2.tgz, rescue.bin, drv1440.bin, and Penguin files
+into this folder. Do not rename any files.
+(FIXME: whats this? You need the floppy images anyway, they are called
+rescue.bin, driver.bin and _have_ to live in images-1.44, right? Ok to
+delete this paragraph?)
+(As opposed to CD install?)
Partition your hard disk
@@ -122,7 +132,7 @@
DiskTool (available at the Mac68k FTP site
ftp.linux-m68k.org/pub/linux-mac/mac-utils/), FWB's HDT 1.8 (not the PE
version) and SilverLining (not the Lite version) all have the required
-functionality. This list is not complete, if you know of other options,
+functionality. This list is not complete. If you know of other options,
please let me know.
When partitioning, please keep in mind that Linux will be launched by the
@@ -130,23 +140,24 @@
will shutdown your Mac and start Linux. Therefore you need a working MacOS
system to boot Linux, so if you destroy your MacOS start-up partition in
this step you will have to reinstall the MacOS before you can start over
-again !.
-
+again!
If your Mac's hard drive has only one partition make sure you have all
necessary media to boot and reinstall MacOS after partitioning, or get a
spare hard disk instead. You cannot boot Linux directly from a loader in the
boot sector of your disk on a Mac.
You should reserve at least two partitions for Linux. One for the "root
-file system" and another for a "swap partition". Size recommendations are:
+file system" and another for a "swap partition". Size recommendations are:-
+
Root partition
-The absolute minimum should be 42 MB This is just enough to install the
+The absolute minimum should be 40 MB This is just enough to install the
base system and nothing else - probably enough for testing it, but not for
really using it. A reasonable system starts at around 200 - 400 MB, with no
upper limit.
+
Swap partition
At least twice the size of your main memory. Especially on systems with
@@ -155,30 +166,30 @@
Naming conventions
-This is important because under Linux your partitions referred to with
+This is important because under Linux your partitions are referred to with
different names than under MacOS. This is the naming scheme:
The first SCSI hard disk is referred to as "sda"
- The second SCSI hard disk if you have one is referred to as "sdb", and
- so on.
- The first IDE hard disk is referred to as "hda", the second IDE hard
- disk is named "hdb", and so on.
+ The second SCSI hard disk if you have one is referred to as "sdb", and so
+ on.
+ The first IDE hard disk is referred to as "hda", the second IDE hard disk
+ is named "hdb", and so on.
-Note you do not need to rename your hard drives when operating your MacOS.
+Note that you do not need to rename your hard drives when operating your MacOS.
The partitions on each hard disk are represented by appending a decimal
-number to the hard disk name: sda1, sda2, sda3 represent the first, second,
+number to the hard disk name: sda1, sda2, sda3 represent the first, second
and third partition of the first SCSI hard disk in your system. MacOS uses a
separate partition for the partition table and driver data, so there will be
more partitions around, usually partition 1 and 2.
-Here is an example: assume you have a system with 2 SCSI hard disks, one at
+Here is an example, assume you have a system with 2 SCSI hard disks, one at
SCSI address 2 the other at SCSI address 4.
The first disk (at address 2) will be named "sda", and the second "sdb". If
the "sda" hard disk has 5 partitions on it, these will be named "sda1",
"sda2", ...,"sda5". Similarly for the "sdb" hard disk and its partitions.
Note Linux refers to all components of a system as devices. The full name
-of your hard drive will be /dev/sdan where 'n' is the number of each
+of your hard drive will be /dev/sdan where n is the number of each
partition. Now that we know the partition names, you can change their type
from within your partition editor so that the Installation program can
detect them.
@@ -199,11 +210,11 @@
Note:
Your root and swap partitions do not need to be on the same hard disk.
You can have more than one partition for files besides the root file
- system. For example separating the user's home directories from the
- system file area. If you want to use more partitions, prepare them
- just like the root partition.
- If you're only going to try Linux for a short time, it's enough to
- just have a single partition for files.
+ system. For example separating the user's home directories from the system
+ file area. If you want to use more partitions, prepare them just like the
+ root partition.
+ If you're only going to try Linux for a short time, it's enough to just
+ have a single partition for files.
Write down the partition names, "sda1" etc., of all the partitions you are
going to use for Linux. Also write down the partition name, Linux-wise, of
@@ -218,19 +229,22 @@
Start the Linux Installation process.
Double-clicking on the "Penguin" icon in the "install" folder starts the
-Installer. The Penguin starts up, shuts down the MacOS, loads a kernel in a
-ram disk and starts the installation program.
-
-You need to set the path for the Kernel and ram disk (root.bin) correct for
-your system on first start. Start up holding down the 'command' key until
-Penguin has finished loading and reading the preferences file. Go to the
-Settings" dialogue (shortcut: command-T) and adjust the path for Kernel and
-ram disk by clicking on the appropriate buttons in the upper right corner of
-the panel. The Kernel and ram disk are in the 'install/mac' directory on the
-drive where you unpacked the macinstall.tgz archive. Save the settings to the
-preferences file in that directory (using command-S) and boot using the
-command-B shortcut. The Penguin will shut down the MacOS and start the
-installation process.
+Installer. If installing from floppies, double-click on the "Penguin" icon
+there. The Penguin starts up, shuts down the MacOS, loads a kernel in a ram
+disk and starts the installation program.
+(FIXME: install from floppies? On a Mac? I thought you can only install from
+HDD or CD-Rom?)
+
+If starting the Penguin from your hard disk, you need to set the path for
+the Kernel and ram disk (root.bin) correct for your system on first start.
+Start up holding down the 'command' key until Penguin has finished loading
+and reading the preferences file. Go to the "Settings" dialogue (shortcut:
+command-T) and adjust the path for Kernel and ram disk by clicking on the
+appropriate buttons in the upper right corner of the panel. The Kernel and
+ram disk are in the 'debian' directory on the drive where you unpacked the
+Install.sit archive. Save the settings to the preferences file in that
+directory (using command-S) and boot using the command-B shortcut. The
+Penguin will shut down the MacOS and start the installation process.
If installing from CD-ROM, double click on the "Penguin" icon in the
/install/mac directory on the CD. Do this after you have copied the
@@ -248,11 +262,11 @@
The installation program will lead you through a series of steps, preparing
the partitions for Linux, unpacking and configuring the kernel modules and
base system and finally rebooting. You move through the information
-presented in each screen by using the cursor keys, use the TAB key to
+presented in each screen by using the cursor keys. Use the TAB key to
confirm your selection and Return or Enter to move to the next step. Some
-of the steps are not necessary or even possible on m68k platforms The
-installation program is the same on all architectures supported by Debian
-and some features are not available in the m68k version.
+of the steps are not necessary or even possible on m68k platforms. The
+installation program is the same as the i386 (Intel based systems) version
+of Debian and some features are not available in the m68k version.
The main installation screen.
@@ -266,12 +280,6 @@
Select the one appropriate for you.
-Partition a hard disk
-If you have not done so under MacOS, you can now partition your
-harddisk(s) and select some of them to use them as Linux ext2 and swap
-partitions. Type "m" for a short help, "p" to print the partition table,
-"t" to change the partition type.
-
Initialise and Activate a Swap Partition.
@@ -286,7 +294,7 @@
partitions, repeat these steps for all of them. When asked whether you
really want to initialise this partition as a swap partition, think twice,
press Return. At this point the swap partition will be initialised,
-formatted and ready for Linux
+formatted and ready for Linux.
Initialise a Linux partition.
@@ -294,7 +302,7 @@
Similar to the previous step, but this time referring to partitions used to
carry files. You will be presented with a list of partitions that the
Installer found to be valid as Linux file system partitions. Again, for each
-of the partitions you have chosen to use (sda4 etc.(, accept it by selecting
+of the partitions you have chosen to use sda4 etc., accept it by selecting
it from the list and (when you are sure) select "Yes" to initialise the
partition. You will then be asked if you want to mount the currently active
partition (e.g. sda4) as root ("/") partition. Say "Yes" here at the first
@@ -303,14 +311,34 @@
Install Operating System Kernel and Modules.
-Select the medium, on which you have the installation files, i.e. CDROM,
-if you are installing with the official CD-ROM, or the harddisk
-partition on which you copied the mac subdirectory (or unpacked the
-"macinstall.tgz" archive).
-After that you can either enter the path to the directory containing
-the installation files or press <Return> to let the installer build a
-list of all directories with installation files (this may take a little
-time).
+
+Installing from your Hard Drive.
+
+Select "Hard disk: File system on the hard disk". Specify the partition
+where you downloaded the installation files eg /dev/sda3. Enter the path to
+the directory containing the installation files. In the simplest case, if
+you unpacked the archive directly into a folder "install" at the top of the
+directory tree, just hit Return. This is because "/install" is already set
+as default for the directory name; otherwise you will have to type the path
+yourself. It must begin with a "/", followed by the directory components
+leading to the files (e.g. "/tmp/newstuff/install" if the files reside in
+the directory/tmp/newstuff/install/ on that partition).
+(FIXME: I do not think this is true. On Amiga the partition you selected is
+mounted under /instmnt, you have to give a path relative to this. Also, if
+just press <Return> you can choose to let the installer create a list of all
+available install files or to set the path manually. I allway let it build the
+list, takes a little time, but it is extremely convenient.
+Is it really different on a Mac?)
+
+If installing from CD-ROM.
+
+Change "/debian" to "/install/mac". Next you are asked whether you want to
+select the files from a list or enter the path manually. Press Return to
+select the installation files from a list of choices presented to you by the
+Installer. In the example above, where you used /debian as installation
+file path, the installation program will offer /instmnt/debian/finderinfo
+and /instmnt/debian/resource before the correct path /instmnt/debian, so
+just scroll down to the correct path and hit Return.
The hard disk will operate for a while, the activity light may also blink,
as the kernel and modules are unpacked onto the root partition, and returns
@@ -395,14 +423,15 @@
back of your Mac.
One last step is required before you can startup your freshly installed
-Linux directly. Go to the directory containing the installation files and
+Linux directly. Restart with extensions off, since Penguin will tell you to
+to do that anyway. Go to the directory containing the installation files and
start up the Penguin, holding down the 'command' key. Go to the Settings'
dialogue (command-T), and locate the kernel options line which should look
like root=/dev/ram video=font:VGA8x16 or similar.
You need to change the entry root=/dev/yyyy. Replace the yyyy with the
-Linux name of the partition onto which you installed the system e.g.
-/dev/sda1, you wrote this down earlier. The 'video=font:VGA8x8' is
+Linux name of the partition onto which you installed the system (e.g.
+/dev/sda1), you wrote this down earlier. The 'video=font:VGA8x8' is
recommended especially for users with tiny screens, the kernel would pick a
prettier (6x11) font but the console driver for this font can hang the
machine, so using 8x16 or 8x8 is safer at this stage. You can change this
@@ -422,7 +451,7 @@
Set a password for the root user (the administrator account)
Create another (unprivileged) user account
- Activate Shadow passwords giving you improved security a good idea !
+ Activate Shadow passwords giving you improved security -- a good idea !
Determine whether you want to continue installing the system via a PPP line
or not, and configuration of the PPP connection scripts.
Set an "installation profile" of packages you want to install.
@@ -431,9 +460,9 @@
package installation manager. Packages give you the ability to do work with
your new Linux. Packages can be found in the following directories:-
- /pub/debian/dists/potato/main/binary-m68k/ Core section
- /pub/debian/dists/potato/contrib/binary-m68k/ Contributed section
- /pub/debian/dists/potato/non-free/binary-m68k/ Packages not conforming to
+ /debian/dists/potato/main/binary-m68k/ Core section
+ /debian/dists/potato/contrib/binary-m68k/ Contributed section
+ /debian/dists/potato/non-free/binary-m68k/ Packages not conforming to
the Debian Free Software
Guidelines
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