1)
Per lspci, the network adapter is:
02:00.0 Network controller: Qualcomm Atheros AR9285 Wireless Network Adapter (PCI-Express) (rev 01).
It is somewhat old, but not uncommon. I have
run many distributions using it (including Debian), and never had to install proprietary firmware.
It seems to use open source driver(s).
2)
There is no desktop environment installed. The install did not show an option to do so (I used the "text" install; not the "graphical" install). It also did not offer to run tasksel, etc. I was surprised, I thought even the netinst.iso did that.