On Mon, May 10, 2004 at 07:28:57PM -0400, Zephaniah E. Hull wrote: > Please see the last message, where I covered just this. > > Raw mode repeats byte for byte, it does not attempt to do ANYTHING to > them. > > In addition, he is repeating a PS2 protocol, with all the problems > involved in that. > > I will say it once more, this is a case of user error. > > The proper configuration for this is having gpm not repeat, and both X > and gpm reading from /dev/input/mice, with X doing some button > remapping in whatever manner is now suggested. Okay. I checked the manpage for this information and did not find it. I also found that the gpm(8) manpage is ugly. So I did something about it. Please see two attached files; one is a diff which patches the manpage to simply document these two minor points. The other one overhauls the manpage completely. I looked into the source package, but the method used to generate both Texinfo and Roff document source from a single file is truly grody. > If 'xmodmap -e "pointer = 3 2 1"' is no longer the suggested means, what > is? That's a good question, and I don't have the answer at present. -- G. Branden Robinson | You are not angry with people when Debian GNU/Linux | you laugh at them. Humor teaches branden@debian.org | them tolerance. http://people.debian.org/~branden/ | -- W. Somerset Maugham
--- gpm.8~ 2004-05-20 15:05:38.000000000 -0500 +++ gpm.8 2004-05-20 15:09:34.000000000 -0500 @@ -145,6 +145,10 @@ normal sequence, `321' can be used by left-handed people, and `132' can be useful with two-button mice (especially within Emacs). All the button permutations are allowable. +.IP +.B Note: +This option is ignored if the \(oq\-R\(cq option is used with the parameter +\(oqraw\(cq. .TP -d \fIdelta\fP Set the delta value. When a single motion event @@ -231,6 +235,9 @@ an easy way to manage those stupid dual-mode mice which force you to keep the middle button down while changing video mode. The option is forced on by the `-M' option. +.IP +.B Note: The only repeat type reliably supported by version 4.3 or later of +.B the XFree86 X server is \(oqms3\(cq. .TP -s \fInumber\fP Set the sample rate for the mouse device.
.TH gpm 8 "20 May 2004" "GPM" "General Purpose Mouse 1.19.6" .SH NAME gpm \- cut\-and\-paste utility and mouse server for virtual consoles .SH SYNOPSIS .B gpm [ .I options ] .br .SH DESCRIPTION GPM (General Purpose Mouse) tries to be a useful mouse server for applications running on the Linux console. The information below is extracted from the Texinfo documentation, which is the preferred source of information. .PP GPM makes it easy to select and copy regions of text on the virtual console, much as is done in graphical programs such as word processors. Text regions are highlighted with the mouse in an area called the \(oqselection buffer\(cq, or just \(oqselection\(cq. The term \(oqcut\-and\-paste\(cq can be a little misleading, because GPM never deletes text from the console. GPM is actually more of a .RI \(oq copy \-and\-paste\(cq utility. .PP The .B gpm executable is meant to act like a daemon (thus, \(oqgpmd\(cq would be a better name for it). .SS Operation To select text press and hold the left mouse button and drag the mouse. .PP On three\-button mice, click the middle button to paste text in the same or another console. The right button is used to extend the selection, like in .BR xterm (1x). .PP Two\-button mice use the right button to paste text. .PP Double\- and triple\-clicks of the left button select whole words and whole lines. Use of the .B \-p option is recommended for best visual feedback. Which characters constitute part of a \(oqword\(cq can be changed with the .B \-l option. .PP If a trailing space after the visible content of a line is highlighted, and if there is no other text on the remainder of the line, the rest of the line will be selected automatically. If a number of lines are selected, highlighted trailing spaces on each line will be removed from the selection buffer. .PP Any output on the virtual console holding the selection will clear the highlighted selection from the screen, to maintain integrity of the display, although the contents of the selection buffer will be unaffected. .PP The selection mechanism is disabled if the controlling virtual console is placed in graphics mode (for example when running an X server), and is re\-enabled when text mode is resumed \(em but see the \(oqBUGS\(cq section below. .SS "Special Commands" GPM has the ability to execute special commands via mouse actions under certain circumstances. The special commands default to rebooting and halting the system, but the user can specify his or her personal choice. The ability to invoke commands using only the mouse can be a handy one, because it allows you to shut the system down cleanly when the keyboard is locked and no network is available to restore the system to a sane state. .PP Special commands are executed by entering a special mode which overrides the normal button functions. This special command mode is entered by triple\-clicking the left and right buttons at the same time \(em an unlikely event during normal mouse usage. The easiest way to achieve this is by pressing and holding one of the buttons while triple\-clicking the other one. When special command mode is active, a message appears on the console and the speaker beeps twice (if one is present). If the user then releases all the buttons and presses one of them again within three seconds, then the special command corresponding to the button is executed, and special commands are disabled again. If no button is pressed within three seconds, special command mode is exited. .PP The default special commands are: .TP left button reboot the system by killing .BR init (8) .TP middle button execute .B /sbin/shutdown \-h now .TP right button execute .B /sbin/shutdown \-r now .PP The .B \-S command\-line option enables special command processing and allows you to change the three special commands. To accept the default commands use .B \-S "" (i.e., specify an empty argument). To specify your own commands, use a colon\-separated list to specify commands associated to the left, middle and right button. If any of the commands is empty, it is interpreted as \(oqsend a TERM signal to the init process\(cq. This particular operation is supported, in addition to executing external commands, because sometimes serious problems prevent the system from being able to fork any new processes (such as .BR shutdown ); in these rare cases, the user should be able to shut the system down at least somewhat cleanly anyway, and killing .B init from an already\-running process, like .BR gpm , is the only way to do it. .PP As an example, .B \-S ":telinit 1:/sbin/halt" associates killing .B init with the left button, going single user with the middle one, and halting the system with the right button. .PP System administrators should obviously be careful about special commands, as .B gpm runs with superuser prvileges. Special commands are best suited for computers whose mouse can be physically accessed only by trusted people. .PP Special commands are not enabled by default; to use them, the .B \-S option must be specified when .B gpm is started. .SH OPTIONS Available command\-line options are the following: .TP .BI \-a\ accel Set the acceleration value used when a single motion event is larger than .I delta (see .BR \-d ). This is an integer multiplier applied to the amount of motion detected, and must be at least 2. This option is ignored for absolute\-motion devices. .TP .BI \-A\ \fR[\fPlimit\fR] Disable selection pasting. .IP This is intended as a security measure; a plausible attack on a system seems to be to stuff a nasty shell command into the selection buffer (e.g., .BR rm\ \-rf\ / ) including the terminating line break; then all the victim has to do is click the middle mouse button, and havoc ensues. .IP Optionally, the selection can be enabled, but \(oqaged\(cq, that is, the selection will be automatically cleared after a period of inactivity, rendering a paste operation harmless (because there is nothing to paste.) To enable this mode, specify this option with the .I limit parameter, which is interpreted as the time in seconds for which a selection is considered valid and pastable. .\" XXX: The "disable-paste" program no longer appears to be shipped. .\" .PP .\" As of version 1.15.7, a trivial program called .\" .B disable\-paste .\" is provided. The following makes a good addition to .\" .I /etc/profile .\" if you allow multiple users to work on your console. .\" .PP .\" .nf .\" case $( /usr/bin/tty ) in .\" /dev/tty[0\-9]*) /usr/bin/disable\-paste ;; .\" esac .\" .fi .TP .BI \-b\ baud Set the baud rate. .TP .BI \-B\ sequence Set the button sequence. .B 123 is the normal sequence, .B 321 can be used by left\-handed people, and .B 132 can be useful with two\-button mice (especially within Emacs). All the button permutations are allowable. .IP .B Note: This option is ignored if the \(oq\-R\(cq option is used with the parameter \(oqraw\(cq. .TP .BI \-d\ delta Set the delta value. When a single motion event is longer than .IR delta , .I accel is used as a multiplying factor. The .I delta value must be 2 or greater. This option is ignored for absolute\-motion devices. .TP .B \-D Do not automatically enter background operation when started, and log messages to the standard error stream, not the syslog mechanism. This is useful for debugging. .TP .BI \-g\ number With \(oqglidepoint\(cq or \(oqtrackpad\(cq\-style devices, emulate the specified button with tapping. .I number must be .BR 1 , .BR 2 , or .BR 3 , and refers to the button number before .B \-B button remapping is performed (if applicable). This option applies to the .B mman and .B ps2 mouse types (see the \(oqMouse Types\(cq section of the GPM Texinfo documentaion). No button is emulated by default because the PS/2 protocol for tapping is incompatible with some normal PS/2 mice. .TP .B \-h Print a summary of command line options. .TP .BI \-i\ interval Set .I interval (in milliseconds) to be used as an upper time limit for multiple clicks. If the interval between button\-up and button\-down events is less than .IR limit , the press is considered a double or triple click. .TP .B \-k Kill a running .BR gpm . This can be used by bus mouse users to kill gpm before running X (unless they use .B \-R or the single\-open limitation is removed from the kernel). .TP .BI \-l\ charset Specify the set of characters that constitute a \(oqword\(cq. \(oq\-\(cq is used to specify a range and \(oq\\\(cq is used to escape the next character or to provide octal codes. Only visible characters can appear in .I charset because control characters can't appear in text\-mode video memory, whence selection is cut. The default value is "\-a\-zA\-Z0\-9_./\(rs300\-\(rs326\(rs330\-\(rs366\(rs370\-\(rs377", which means that the hyphen\-minus, the upper\- and lowercase letters A\-Z, the digits 0\-9, the low line (underscore), and full stop (period) are all word characters, as are the specified octal ranges, which correspond (in the ISO\-8859\-1 and UTF\-8 character sets) to the letter characters from the Latin\-1 supplemental character set (e.g., \(oq\(^a\(cq and \(oq\(/o\(cq are word characters, but \(oq\(di\(cq and \(oq\(Cs\(cq are not). .TP .BI \-m\ filename Open .I filename as the mouse device. The default is .IR /dev/mouse . .TP .B \-M Enable \(oqmultiple\(cq mode. The daemon will read two different mouse devices. Any subsequent option will refer to the second device, while any preceding option will be used for the first device. This option imples repeating .RB ( \-R ). .TP .BI \-o\ flags Set protocol\-specific flags. This option works similarly to the .B \-o option of .BR mount (8); it is used to specify a list of parameters that are specific to each mouse type. The list is comma\-separated. The options .BR dtr , .BR rts , or .B both are used by GPM's traditional serial port initialization routines to toggle the corresponding modem lines. .IP .B Note: Using serial\-port flags with non\-serial mice (USB stands for Universal Serial Bus, but it is something entirely different) may generate an error. .TP .B \-p Force the pointer to be visible while selecting. This is the behaviour of \(oqselection\-1.7\(cq, but some people find it confusing. The default is not to show the pointer, which confuses other people. .TP .BI \-r\ responsiveness Set the mouse's responsiveness, a positive integer. The higher the responsiveness, the faster the mouse cursor will move. Acceptable values range from 1 to 100; the default is 100 (maximum responsiveness). This option is ignored for absolute\-motion devices. .TP .BI \-R\ \fR[\fPprotocol\fR] Act as a repeater; any mouse data received while the virtual console is in graphics mode will be emitted to the FIFO .IR /dev/gpmdata . .IP Using GPM in repeater mode, you can configure the X server to use this FIFO as a mouse device. This option is useful for bus\-mouse owners to override the single\-open limitation. It is also an easy way to manage stupid dual\-mode mice which force you to keep the middle button down while changing video mode. This option is implied by the .B \-M option. .IP The protocol to be used by the FIFO's output can be set with the optional .I protocol parameter. In principle, you can use the same names as for the .B \-t option (see below), although repeating into some protocols may not be implemented for a while. In addition, you can specify .B raw as the .IR protocol to repeat the mouse data byte by byte, without any protocol translation (but see the .B \-B option above). If .I protocol is omitted, it defaults to .BR msc . .IP .B Note: The only repeat type reliably supported by version 4.3 or later of the XFree86 X server is \(oqms3\(cq. .TP .BI \-s\ rate Set the sampling .I rate for the mouse device, in samples per second. Reasonable values range from 10 to 200; the default is 100. .TP .BI \-S\ \fR[\fPcommands\fR] Enable special\-command processing, and optionally specify custom commands as a colon\-separated list. See the \(oqSpecial Commands\(cq section of \(oqDESCRIPTION\(cq, above, for a detailed description of special commands. .TP .BI \-t\ \fItype\fP Set the mouse .IR type . Use .B gpm \-t help to get a list of allowable types and exit. The protocols available as repeaters (see .B \-R above), by marking them with an asterisk (\(oq*\(cq). .TP .B \-v Print version information and exit. .TP .BI \-V\ \fR[\fPverbosity_increment\fR] Raise or decrease the maximum priority level of messages that will be logged. Thus, a positive argument has the effect of making the program more verbose. One can also give a negative argument to hush the program; however, note that due to .BR getopt 3 rules a negative argument must follow the option with no space betwixt (that is, .B \-V\-1 but not .BR \-V\ \-1 ). The argument is optional and its default value is 1. The default verbosity level is 5 (\(oqLOG_NOTICE\(cq; see .BR syslog (3)). .TP .B \-2 Force two\-button operation. The middle button, if any, will be interpreted as if it were the right button. .TP .B \-3 Force three\-button operation. By default, the mouse is considered to be a 2\-button device until the middle button is pressed. .IP .B Note: If you use the .B \-3 option with a 2\-button mouse, you won't be able to paste the selection. .SH BUGS The .B gpm server may have problems interacting with a local X server; if your mouse is a single\-open device (i.e., a bus mouse), you should kill .B gpm before starting X, or use the .B \-R option (see above). To kill .BR gpm , just invoke .BR gpm\ \-k . This problem doesn't apply to serial mice. .PP Two instances of .B gpm can't run on the same system. If you have two mice, use the .B \-M option (see above). .PP Unless .B gpm is invoked with the .B \-R option, the mouse server sleeps until the current console returns to text mode, or a text mode console becomes the current one. Thus, it won't reply to clients. In any event, it is unlikely that mouse\-eager clients will spur out in hidden consoles. .\" XXX: What does "spur out" mean? .SH HISTORY .B gpm is based on the .B selection package, and some of its code comes from .B selection itself. .B gpm is intended as a replacement for .B selection as a cut\-and\-paste mechanism; it also provides additional facilities. The .B selection package offered the first cut\-and\-paste implementation for Linux using two mouse buttons, and the cut buffer is still called \(oqselection buffer\(cq or just \(oqselection\(cq throughout this document. .PP Due to restrictions in the .IR ioctl( TIOCLINUX ) system call, .B gpm must be run by the superuser. The restrictions were added in the late versions of the Linux 1.1 kernel to fix a security hole related to selection and screen dumping. .PP The server can be configured to match the user's taste, and any application using the mouse will inherit the server's attitude. From release 1.02 up to 1.19.2 is was possible for any user logged on the system console to change the mouse feeling using the .B \-q option. This is no longer possible for security reasons. .PP As of 0.97 the server program puts itself in the background. To kill .B gpm you can just reinvoke it with the .B \-k option, although .B killall gpm can be a better choice. .PP Special commands were added in version 1.10. .PP The selection aging mechanism was added in version 1.17.2. .PP Early releases of GPM did not support the .B \-D option, and instead supported a compile\-time option. .PP In version 1.18.1, the list produced by .B gpm \-t help began to mark which protocols are available as repeaters. .SH AUTHORS .nf Andrew Haylett <ajh@gec\-mrc.co.uk> (the original selection code) Alessandro Rubini <rubini@linux.it> (old maintainer (still helps a lot)) Ian Zimmerman <itz@speakeasy.org> (old maintainer) Nico Schottelius <nico@schottelius.org> (maintainer) Many, many contributors, to both \fBselection\fP and \fBgpm\fP. .fi .SH MAINTAINERS The current maintainer is Nico Schottelius. But without the help of Alessandro Rubini and the mailing list it would be impossible for him to maintain .BR gpm . The development mailing list can be reached at .BR <gpm@lists.linux.it> . More information on the list is in the .B README file in the source distribution of GPM. .SH FILES .nf \fI/var/run/gpm.pid\fP PID of running \fBgpm\fP \fI/dev/gpmctl\fP control socket for clients \fI/dev/gpmdata\fP FIFO written to by a \(oqrepeater\(cq \fBgpm\fP .fi .SH SEE ALSO .nf \fBmev\fP(1) sample client for the gpm daemon \fBgpm\-root\fP(1) handler for Control\-Mouse events .fi .PP The Texinfo documentation on GPM gives more complete information and explains how to write a GPM client.
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