On Sb, 11 dec 21, 01:54:12, teamaster@mad-hatters-teatime.teanet.org wrote: > On Fri, 10 Dec 2021 23:57:44 +0100 > Andrei POPESCU <andreimpopescu@gmail.com> wrote: > > > On Vi, 10 dec 21, 23:39:30, teamaster@mad-hatters-teatime.teanet.org > > wrote: > > > > > > in 2 things i am pretty sure, my first mail only john doe read > > > completely, and a dist-upgrade will not work with this > > > non-standard-debian. > > > > Based on the limited information you provided in your mail > > `apt-get dist-upgrade` is a reasonable suggestion (even if my own > > preference would be `apt upgrade`, already mentioned by Greg). > > > > If for some reason `apt-get dist-upgrade` didn't work I'm very much > > interested to learn about it. > > > > > see posting to john doe, problem solved > > > > Good :) > > Sorry. > yes, you are right. > I had misunderstood another post. > i am confused about debian package managment. That's fine, we all had to learn :) Kernel packages change name over time to signal that modules (e.g. out-of-tree) must be recompiled for the newer kernel. As far as APT is concerned they are just different packages with some number in the name. The package linux-image-amd64 doesn't actually contain the kernel, it's purpose is to pull (depend on) the latest kernel. However, this requires installing an additional package. The command `apt-get upgrade` is only allowed to upgrade packages, not install or remove packages. The command `apt-get dist-upgrade` (named as such because it can *also* be used to upgrade to a newer distribution) is allowed to do both. Over time it became clear that allowing installation of new packages is generally safe and also necessary for day-to-day maintenance (like in this case, for kernel upgrades within the same distribution) so when the `apt` command was introduced the semantics of `upgrade` were adjusted[1]. The equivalent of `apt-get dist-upgrade` is `apt full-upgrade`[2] and is rarely (if ever) needed on a stable system. My general preference is to avoid using a bigger than necessary "hammer" (e.g. `apt-get dist-upgrade` instead of `apt upgrade`): it's a waste of energy and it increases the risk to hit your fingers ;) [1] `apt-get` is used in many scripts and higher level tools so it's commands must stay compatible. [2] arguably `full-upgrade` can be confusing as well, because it's used also for partial upgrades on testing or unstable systems. Hope this explains, Andrei -- http://wiki.debian.org/FAQsFromDebianUser
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