Matt,
lpstat -t  gives you all you wanted to know about your queues.
Thanks.  t is my test file.  "lp t" works.  "lpr t" fails.
peter@joule:~$ lpr t
lpr: lp: unknown printer
peter@joule:~$ lpr -PHPDeskJet500 t
lpr: HPDeskJet500: unknown printer
peter@joule:~$ cat /etc/printcap
# This file was automatically generated by cupsd(8) from the
# /etc/cups/printers.conf file.  All changes to this file
# will be lost.
peter@joule:~$
/etc/printcap is only configuration file mentioned in
man lpr.  Should printcap contain only comments?  Does
anyone have a working lpr and non-empty printcap?
Thanks,              ... Peter E.