Re: [RFR] man://aptitude/aptitude.fr.1
On Thu, Jul 15, 2004 at 03:09:21PM +0200, Sylvain Cherrier wrote:
> Bonjour,
> voici une version mise à jour du man fr d'aptitude (version 0.2.14-3, de
> la sarge)
> Merci aux relecteurs.
Il serait préférable d'utiliser la version en xml, présente dans les sources de
la version unstable, j'ai ouvert un bogue afin que le responsable sépare la page
de manuel du guide de l'utilisateur afin de faciliter la traduction (bogue
#259089).
Merci
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<reference id='secReference'>
<title>&aptitude; command-line reference</title>
<refentry>
<refentryinfo>
<author>
<personname>
<firstname>Daniel</firstname>
<surname>Burrows</surname>
</personname>
<email>dburrows@debian.org</email>
</author>
<legalnotice>
<para>
This manual page is free software; you can redistribute it
and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation;
either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any
later version.
</para>
<para>
This manual page is distributed in the hope that it will
be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
for more details.
</para>
<para>
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
License along with this manual page; if not, write to the
Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite
330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
</para>
</legalnotice>
</refentryinfo>
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>&aptitude;</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>&aptitude;</refname>
<refpurpose>high-level interface to the package manager</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<cmdsynopsis>
<command>aptitude</command>
<arg choice='opt' rep='repeat'><replaceable>options</replaceable></arg>
<group choice='req'>
<arg choice='plain'>autoclean</arg>
<arg choice='plain'>clean</arg>
<arg choice='plain'>forget-new</arg>
<arg choice='plain'>update</arg>
<arg choice='plain'>upgrade</arg>
</group>
</cmdsynopsis>
<cmdsynopsis>
<command>aptitude</command>
<arg choice='opt' rep='repeat'><replaceable>options</replaceable></arg>
<group choice='req'>
<arg choice='plain'>dist-upgrade</arg>
<arg choice='plain'>download</arg>
<arg choice='plain'>forbid-version</arg>
<arg choice='plain'>hold</arg>
<arg choice='plain'>markauto</arg>
<arg choice='plain'>purge</arg>
<arg choice='plain'>reinstall</arg>
<arg choice='plain'>remove</arg>
<arg choice='plain'>show</arg>
<arg choice='plain'>unmarkauto</arg>
</group>
<arg choice='plain' rep='repeat'>packages</arg>
</cmdsynopsis>
<cmdsynopsis>
<command>aptitude</command>
<arg choice='opt' rep='repeat'><replaceable>options</replaceable></arg>
<arg choice='plain'>search</arg>
<arg choice='plain' rep='repeat'>patterns</arg>
</cmdsynopsis>
<cmdsynopsis>
<command>aptitude</command>
<arg choice='opt'>-S <replaceable>fname</replaceable></arg>
<group choice='opt'><arg choice='plain'>-u</arg> <arg
choice='plain'>-i</arg></group>
</cmdsynopsis>
<cmdsynopsis>
<command>aptitude</command>
<arg choice='plain'>help</arg>
</cmdsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>
&aptitude; is a text-based interface to the Debian GNU/Linux
package system.
</para>
<para>
It allows the user to view the list of packages and to
perform package management tasks such as installing,
upgrading, and removing packages. Actions may be performed
from a visual interface or from the command-line.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Command-Line Actions</title>
<para>
The first argument which does not begin with a hyphen (<quote><literal>-</literal></quote>)
is considered to be an action that the program should
perform. If an action is not specified on the command-line,
&aptitude; will start up in visual mode.
</para>
<para>
The following actions are available:
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>install</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Install one or more packages. The packages should be
listed after the <quote>install</quote> command; if a
package name contains a tilde character
(<quote><literal>~</literal></quote>), it will be
treated as a search pattern and every package matching
the pattern will be installed (see the section <link
linkend='secSearchPatterns'><quote>Search
Patterns</quote></link> in the &aptitude; reference
manual).
</para>
<para>
To select a particular version of the package, append <quote><literal>=<replaceable>version</replaceable></literal></quote>
to the package name: for instance, <quote><literal>aptitude install
apt=0.3.1</literal></quote>. Similarly, to select a
package from a particular archive, append <quote><literal>/<replaceable>archive</replaceable></literal></quote>
to the package name: for instance, <quote><literal>aptitude install
apt/experimental</literal></quote>.
</para>
<para>
Appending <quote>-</quote>, <quote>+</quote>, <quote>_</quote>, or <quote>=</quote> to the name of a
package will cause the package to be removed,
installed, purged, or held respectively. This can be
used, for instance, to perform multiple actions from
one command line.
</para>
<para>
As a special case, <quote><literal>install</literal></quote> with no
arguments will act on any stored/pending actions.
</para>
<note>
<para>
The <quote><literal>install</literal></quote>
command will modify &aptitude;'s stored information
about what actions to perform. Therefore, if you
issue (e.g.) the command <quote><literal>aptitude
install foo bar</literal></quote> and then abort the
installation, you will need to run <quote><literal>aptitude remove foo
bar</literal></quote> to cancel that order.
</para>
</note>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>remove</literal>, <literal>purge</literal>, <literal>hold</literal>, <literal>reinstall</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
These commands are the same as <quote><literal>install</literal></quote>, but apply
the named action to all packages given on the command
line, unless specified otherwise.
</para>
<para>
For instance, <quote><literal>aptitude remove
'~ndeity'</literal></quote> will remove all packages
whose name contains <quote><literal>deity</literal></quote>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>markauto</literal>, <literal>unmarkauto</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Mark packages as automatically installed or manually
installed, respectively. Packages are specified in
exactly the same way as for the <quote><literal>install</literal></quote> command.
For instance, <quote><literal>aptitude markauto
'~slibs'</literal></quote> will mark all packages in
the <quote><literal>libs</literal></quote> section as
having been automatically installed.
</para>
<para>
For more information on automatically installed
packages, see the section <quote><link
linkend='secAutoInstall'>Managing Automatically
Installed Packages</link></quote> in the &aptitude;
reference manual.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>forbid-version</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Forbid a package from being upgraded to a particular
version. This will prevent aptitude from
automatically upgrading to this version, but will
allow automatic upgrades to future versions. By
default, aptitude will select the version to which the
package would normally be upgraded; you may override
this selection by appending <quote><literal>=<replaceable>version</replaceable></literal></quote>
to the package name: for instance, <quote><literal>aptitude forbid-version
vim=1.2.3.broken-4</literal></quote>.
</para>
<para>
This command is useful for avoiding broken versions of
packages without having to set and clear manual holds.
If you decide you really want the forbidden version
after all, the <quote><literal>install</literal></quote> command will
remove the ban.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>update</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Updates the list of available packages from the &apt;
sources (this is equivalent to <quote><literal>apt-get
update</literal></quote>)
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>upgrade</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Upgrades installed packages to their most recent
version. Installed packages will not be removed
unless they are unused (see the section <quote><link
linkend='secAutoInstall'>Managing Automatically
Installed Packages</link></quote> in the &aptitude;
reference manual); packages which are not currently
installed will not be installed.
</para>
<para>
If a package cannot be upgraded without violating
these constraints, it will be kept at its current
version.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>forget-new</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Forgets all internal information about what packages
are <quote>new</quote> (equivalent to pressing <quote><keycap>f</keycap></quote> when in visual
mode).
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>search</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Searches for packages matching one of the patterns
supplied on the command line. All packages which
match any of the given patterns will be displayed; for
instance, <quote><literal>aptitude search
'~N'</literal></quote> will list all <quote>new</quote> packages. For more information on
search patterns, see the section <quote><link
linkend='secSearchPatterns'>Search
Patterns</link></quote> in the &aptitude; reference
manual.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>show</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Displays detailed information about one or more
packages, listed following the search command. If a
package name contains a tilde character
(<quote><literal>~</literal></quote>), it will be
treated as a search pattern and all matching packages
will be displayed (see the section <quote><link
linkend='secSearchPatterns'>Search
Patterns</link></quote> in the &aptitude; reference
manual).
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>clean</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Removes all previously downloaded <literal>.deb</literal> files from the package cache
directory (usually <filename>/var/cache/apt/archives</filename>).
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>autoclean</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Removes any cached packages which can no longer be
downloaded. This allows you to prevent a cache from
growing out of control over time without completely
emptying it.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>download</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Downloads the <literal>.deb</literal> file for the
most recent version of the given package to the
current directory.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>help</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Displays a brief summary of the available commands and
options.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Options</title>
<para>
The following options may be used to modify the behavior of
the actions described above. Note that while all options
will be accepted for all commands, some options don't apply
to particular commands and will be ignored by those
commands.
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>-D</literal>, <literal>--show-deps</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Show brief summaries of why packages will be
automatically installed or removed.
</para>
<para>
This corresponds to the configuration option <literal><link linkend='configCmdLine-Show-Deps'>Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Deps</link></literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>-d</literal>, <literal>--download-only</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Download packages to the package cache as necessary,
but do not install or remove anything.
</para>
<para>
This corresponds to the configuration option <literal><link
linkend='configCmdLine-Download-Only'>Aptitude::CmdLine::Download-Only</link></literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<literal>-F</literal> <replaceable>format</replaceable>, <literal>--display-format</literal> <replaceable>format</replaceable>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specify the format which should be used to display
output from the <literal>search</literal> command.
For instance, passing <quote><literal>%p %V %v</literal></quote>
for <replaceable>format</replaceable> will display a package's name,
followed by its currently installed version and its
available version (see the section <quote><link linkend='secDisplayFormat'>Customizing how packages are displayed</link></quote> in the &aptitude; reference manual for more information).
</para>
<para>
This corresponds to the configuration option <literal><link linkend='configCmdLine-Package-Display-Format'>Aptitude::CmdLine::Package-Display-Format</link></literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>-f</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Aggressively try to fix the dependencies of broken
packages.
</para>
<para>
This corresponds to the configuration item <literal><link linkend='configCmdLine-Fix-Broken'>Aptitude::CmdLine::Fix-Broken</link></literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term>
<literal>-h</literal>, <literal>--help</literal>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Display a brief help message. Identical to the <literal>help</literal> action.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>-P</literal>, <literal>--prompt</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Always display a prompt, even when no actions other
than those explicitly requested will be performed.
</para>
<para>
This corresponds to the configuration option <literal><link
linkend='configCmdLine-Always-Prompt'>Aptitude::CmdLine::Always-Prompt</link></literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>-R</literal>, <literal>--without-recommends</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Do <emphasis>not</emphasis> treat recommendations as
dependencies when installing new packages (this overrides settings in <filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename> and <filename>~/.aptitude/config</filename>).
</para>
<para>
This corresponds to the configuration option <literal><link linkend='configRecommends-Important'>Aptitude::Recommends-Important</link></literal>
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>-r</literal>, <literal>--with-recommends</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Treat recommendations as dependencies when installing
new packages (this overrides settings in <filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf</filename> and <filename>~/.aptitude/config</filename>).
</para>
<para>
This corresponds to the configuration option <literal><link linkend='configRecommends-Important'>Aptitude::Recommends-Important</link></literal>
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>-s</literal>, <literal>--simulate</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Print the actions that would normally be performed,
but don't actually perform them. This does not
require &root; privileges.
</para>
<para>
This corresponds to the configuration option <literal><link
linkend='configCmdLine-Simulate'>Aptitude::CmdLine::Simulate</link></literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>-t</literal> <replaceable>release</replaceable>, <literal>--target-release</literal> <replaceable>release</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Set the release from which packages should be
installed. For instance, <quote><literal>aptitude -t
experimental ...</literal></quote> will install
packages from the experimental distribution unless you
specify otherwise.
</para>
<para>
This corresponds to the configuration item <literal>APT::Default-Release</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>-O</literal> <replaceable>order</replaceable>, <literal>--sort</literal> <replaceable>order</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specify the order in which output from the <literal>search</literal>
command should be displayed. For instance, passing <quote><literal>installsize</literal></quote>
for <replaceable>order</replaceable> will list packages in
order according to their size when installed (see the section <quote><link linkend='secSortingPolicy'>Customizing how packages are sorted</link></quote> in the &aptitude; reference manual for more information).
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>-o</literal> <replaceable>key</replaceable><literal>=</literal><replaceable>value</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Set a configuration file option directly; for
instance, use <literal>-o
Aptitude::Log=/tmp/my-log</literal> to log
&aptitude;'s actions to
<filename>/tmp/my-log</filename>. For more
information on configuration file options, see the
section <quote><link
linkend='secConfigFile'>Configuration file
reference</link></quote> in the &aptitude; reference manual.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>-V</literal>, <literal>--show-versions</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Show which versions of packages will be installed.
</para>
<para>
This corresponds to the configuration option <literal><link linkend='configCmdLine-Show-Versions'>Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Versions</link></literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>-v</literal>, <literal>--verbose</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Causes some commands (for instance, <literal>show</literal>) to display extra information. This may be supplied multiple times to get more and more information.
</para>
<para>
This corresponds to the configuration option <literal><link linkend='configCmdLine-Verbose'>Aptitude::CmdLine::Verbose</link></literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>--version</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Display the version of &aptitude; and some information
about how it was compiled.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>--visual-preview</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Instead of displaying the usual command-line prompt,
start up the visual interface and display its preview
screen.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>-w</literal> <replaceable>width</replaceable>, <literal>--width</literal> <replaceable>width</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specify the display width which should be used for
output from the <literal>search</literal> command (by
default, the terminal width is used).
</para>
<para>
This corresponds to the configuration option <literal><link linkend='configCmdLine-Package-Display-Width'>Aptitude::CmdLine::Package-Display-Width</link></literal>
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>-y</literal>, <literal>--assume-yes</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
When a yes/no prompt would be presented, assume that
the user entered <quote>yes</quote>. In particular,
suppresses the prompt that appears when installing,
upgrading, or removing packages. Prompts for <quote>dangerous</quote> actions, such as removing
essential packages, will still be displayed. This
option overrides <literal>-P</literal>.
</para>
<para>
This corresponds to the configuration option <literal><link linkend='configCmdLine-Assume-Yes'>Aptitude::CmdLine::Assume-Yes</link></literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>-Z</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Show how much disk space will be used or freed by the
individual packages being installed, upgraded, or
removed.
</para>
<para>
This corresponds to the configuration option <literal><link linkend='configCmdLine-Show-Size-Changes'>Aptitude::CmdLine::Show-Size-Changes</link></literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>
The following options apply to the visual mode of the
program, but are primarily for internal use; you generally
won't need to use them yourself.
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>-S</literal> <replaceable>fname</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Loads the extended state information from <replaceable>fname</replaceable> instead of the
standard state file.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>-u</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Begins updating the package lists as soon as the
program starts. You cannot use this option and <literal>-i</literal> at the same time.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>-i</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Displays a download preview when the program starts
(equivalent to starting the program and immediately
pressing <quote><keycap>g</keycap></quote>). You
cannot use this option and <quote><literal>-u</literal></quote> at the same time.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>See Also</title>
<para>
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt-get</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <filename>/usr/share/doc/aptitude/html/index.html</filename>
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
</reference>
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