Re: apt-get
On Sun, Nov 03, 2002 at 06:30:40PM +0100, Marco wrote:
> ..oppure guarda qua:
> http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/apt-howto/ch-apt-get.it.html#s-remove
>
> Per quanto ne ho capito apt-get è "padre" di dpkg, pertanto rinchiude in
> se anche comandi di quest'ultimo....
> http://www.appuntilinux.prosa.it/a238.html#anchor539
Beh! apt-get non credo che sia proprio il padre di dpkg, infatti sto'
usando la Debian da 5 anni, fino dalla "Bo" 1.31r6 e in quella release
non c'era ancora apt (anche se esisteva una versione ancora "primordiale"
per libc5), e' apparso in seguito (miracolo :-)) nella "Hamm" 2.0 ...
Credo che pero' apt-get possa esserne il figlio! :-)
>
> Cmq questa discussione è ancora aperta nel messaggio thread "apt-get" se
> ti interessa approfondirla
>
Me gusta assai!
Ho pensato di allegare la "pagina di manuale" di apt-get(8) in formato
txt dove non c'e' la presenza dell'opzione --purge. Prima di affermare
una cosa cerco sempre (per quanto possibile) di documentarmi ....
anche se la Teresina avanza (e' il diminutivo della mia amica Teresa
:-))
Probabilmente l'inacuratezza della man page penso che sia dovuta alla
Debian che uso (una "Slink" 2.1) e che quindi nel passare alla "Potato"
e poi alla "Woddy" la man page abbia subito dei cospicui aggiornamenti.
Chi ha iniziato con la debian solo da qualche hanno e' abituato
a usare certi comandi e crede per questo di conoscerli gia' tutti
(beato lui chiunque sia), vi assicuro che anche se le notti insonni
sono state numerose, sono ben lungi da avere compreso "profondamente" la
debian e tutte le sue "evoluzioni", sebbene mi sia "lanciato" con
entusiasmo e "dedizione" alla scoperta dell'"oceano" Debian GNU/Linux,
come dicevo, ormai da 5 anni.
Aurevore, all friends of Debian
Hugh Hartmann
apt-get(8) apt-get(8)
NAME
apt-get - APT package handling utility -- command-line
interface
SYNOPSIS
apt-get [options] [command] [package ...]
DESCRIPTION
apt-get is the command-line tool for handling packages,
and may be considered the user´s "back-end" to apt(8).
command is one of:
o update
o upgrade
o dselect-upgrade
o dist-upgrade
o install package1 [package2] [...]
o remove package1 [package2] [...]
o source package1 [package2] [...]
o check
o clean
o autoclean
Unless the -h, or --help option is given one of the above
commands must be present.
update update is used to resynchronize the package
overview files from their sources. The overviews of
available packages are fetched from the location(s)
specified in /etc/apt/sources.list. For example,
when using a Debian archive, this command retrieves
and scans the Packages.gz files, so that informa
tion about new and updated packages is available.
An update should always be performed before an
upgrade dist-upgrade. Please be aware that the
overall progress meter will be incorrect as the
size of the package files cannot be known in
advance.
apt 4 Dec 1998 1
apt-get(8) apt-get(8)
upgrade
upgrade is used to install the newest versions of
all packages currently installed on the system from
the sources enumerated in /etc/apt/sources.list.
Packages currently installed with new versions
available are retrieved and upgraded; under no cir
cumstances are currently installed packages
removed, or packages not already installed
retrieved and installed. New versions of currently
installed packages that cannot be upgraded without
changing the install status of another package will
be left at their current version. An update must be
performed first so that apt-get knows that new ver
sions of packages are available.
dselect-upgrade
dselect-upgrade is used in conjunction with the
traditional Debian GNU/Linux packaging front-end,
dselect (8). dselect-upgrade follows the changes
made by dselect to the Status field of available
packages, and performs the actions necessary to
realize that state (for instance, the removal of
old and the installation of new packages).
dist-upgrade
dist-upgrade,in addition to performing the function
of upgrade, also intelligently handles changing
dependencies with new versions of packages; apt-get
has a "smart" conflict resolution system, and it
will attempt to upgrade the most important packages
at the expense of less important ones if necessary.
The /etc/apt/sources.list file contains a list of
locations from which to retrieve desired package
files.
install
install is followed by one or more packages desired
for installation. Each package is a package name,
not a fully qualified filename (for instance, in a
Debian GNU/Linux system, ldso would be the argument
provided, not ldso_1.9.6-2.deb). All packages
required by the package(s) specified for installa
tion will also be retrieved and installed. The
/etc/apt/sources.list file is used to locate the
desired packages. If a hyphen is appended to the
package name (with no intervening space), the iden
tified package will be removed if it is installed.
This latter feature may be used to override deci
sions made by apt-get´s conflict resolution system.
apt 4 Dec 1998 2
apt-get(8) apt-get(8)
remove remove is identical to install except that packages
are removed instead of installed. If a plus sign is
appended to the package name (with no intervening
space), the identified package will be installed.
source source causes apt-get to fetch source packages. APT
will examine the available packages to decide which
source package to fetch. It will then find and
download into the current directory the newest
available version of that source package. Source
packages are tracked separately from binary pack
ages via deb-src type lines in the
/etc/apt/sources.list file. This probably will
mean that you will not get the same source as the
package you have installed or as you could install.
If the --compile options is specified then the
package will be compiled to a binary .deb using
dpkg-buildpackage, if --download-only is specified
then the source package will not be unpacked.
check check is a diagnostic tool; it updates the package
cache and checks for broken packages.
clean clean clears out the local repository of retrieved
package files. It removes everything but the lock
file from /var/cache/apt/archives/ and
/var/cache/apt/archives/partial/. When APT is used
as a dselect(8) method, clean is run automatically.
Those who do not use dselect will likely want to
run apt-get clean from time to time to free up disk
space.
autoclean
Like clean, autoclean clears out the local reposi
tory of retrieved package files. The difference is
that it only removes package files that can no
longer be downloaded, and are largely useless. This
allows a cache to be maintained over a long period
without it growing out of control.
OPTIONS
All command line options may be set using the configura
tion file, the descriptions indicate the configuration
option to set. For boolean options you can override the
config file by using something like -f-, --no-f, -f=no or
several other variations.
apt 4 Dec 1998 3
apt-get(8) apt-get(8)
-d, --download-only
Download only; package files are only retrieved,
not unpacked or installed. See APT::Get::Download-
Only.
-f, --fix-broken
Fix; attempt to correct a system with broken depen
dencies in place. This option may be used alone or
in conjunction with any of the command actions, and
is sometimes necessary when running APT for the
first time; APT itself does not allow broken pack
age dependencies to exist on a system. It is possi
ble that a system´s dependency structure can be so
corrupt as to require manual intervention (which
usually means using dselect or dpkg --remove to
eliminate some of the offending packages). Use of
this option together with -m may produce an error
in some situations. See APT::Get::Fix-Broken.
-h, --help
Help; display a helpful usage message and exits.
-v, --version
Show the program version.
-m, --ignore-missing, --fix-missing
Ignore missing packages; If packages cannot be
retrieved or fail the integrity check after
retrieval (corrupted package files), hold back
those packages and handle the result. Use of this
option together with -f may produce an error in
some situations. See ignore-missing.
--no-download
Disables downloading of packages. This is best used
with --ignore-missing to force APT to use only the
.debs it has already downloaded.
-q, --quiet
Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omit
ting progress indicators. More q´s will produce
more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use
-q=# to set the quiet level, overriding the config
uration file. Note that quiet level 2 implies -y,
you should never use -qq without a no-action modi
fier such as -d, --print-uris or -s as APT may
decided to do something you did not expect. See
quiet
apt 4 Dec 1998 4
apt-get(8) apt-get(8)
-s, --simulate, --just-print, --dry-run, --recon, --no-act
No action; perform a simulation of events that
would occur but do not actually change the system.
See APT::Get::Simulate. Simulate prints out a
series of lines each one representing a dpkg opera
tion, Configure (Conf), Remove (Remv), Unpack
(Inst). Square brackets indicate broken packages
with and empty set of square brackets meaning
breaks that are of no consequence (rare).
-y, --yes, --assume-yes
Automatic yes to prompts; assume "yes" as answer to
all prompts and run non-interactively. If an unde
sirable situation, such as changing a held package
or removing an essential package occurs then apt-
get will abort. See APT::Get::Assume-Yes.
-u, --show-upgraded
Show upgraded packages; Print out a list of all
packages that are to be upgraded. See
APT::Get::Show-Upgraded.
-b, --compile, --build
Compile source packages after downloading them.
--ignore-hold
Ignore package Holds; This causes apt-get to ignore
a hold placed on a package. This may be useful in
conjunction with dist-upgrade to override a large
number of undesired holds. See APT::Ignore-Hold.
--no-upgrade
Do not upgrade packages; When used in conjunction
with install no-upgrade will prevent packages
listed from being upgraded if they are already
installed. See APT::Get::no-upgrade.
--force-yes
Force yes; This is a dangerous option that will
cause apt to continue without prompting if it is
doing something potentially harmful. It should not
be used except in very special situations. Using
force-yes can potentially destroy your system! See
APT::Get::force-yes.
--print-uris
Instead of fetching the files to install their URIs
apt 4 Dec 1998 5
apt-get(8) apt-get(8)
are printed. Each URI will have the path, the des
tination file name, the size and the expected md5
hash. Note that the file name to write to will not
always match the file name on the remote site! This
also works with the source command See
APT::Get::Print-URIs.
-c, --config-file
Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to
use. apt-get will read the default configuration
file and then this configuration file. See
apt.conf(5) for syntax information.
-o, --option
Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbi
trary configuration option. The syntax is
-o Foo::Bar=bar
FILES
o /etc/apt/sources.list locations to fetch packages
from
o /var/cache/apt/archives/ storage area for retrieved
package files
o /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/ storage area for
package files in transit
o /var/state/apt/lists/ storage area for state infor
mation for each package resource specified in the
source list
o /var/state/apt/lists/partial/ storage area for
state information in transit
SEE ALSO
apt-cache(8), dpkg(8), dselect(8), sources.list(5),
apt.conf(5), The APT Users Guide in /usr/doc/apt/
DIAGNOSTICS
apt-get returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on
apt 4 Dec 1998 6
apt-get(8) apt-get(8)
error.
BUGS
See http://bugs.debian.org/apt. If you wish to report a
bug in apt-get, please see /usr/doc/debian/bug-report
ing.txt or the bug(1) command.
AUTHOR
apt-get was written by the APT team <apt@pack
ages.debian.org>.
apt 4 Dec 1998 7
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