changed laptop disk -> PXE-E61 & PXE-M0F errors / BootDevice Not Found

[Vincent Lefevre <vincent@vinc17.net>]

I tried to change my laptop disk following the instructions found at
https://askubuntu.com/questions/260777/how-to-migrate-an-encrypted-lvm-install-to-a-new-disk

I'm not sure I did everything right as there are some mistakes and
not everything is clear.

In particular, with cfdisk, I initially chose the gpt label type
because this was the default, so that I thought that this was OK.
But "grub-install /dev/sdb" complained ("this GPT partition label
contains no BIOS Boot Partition; embedding won't be possible.
[...]"). So I changed it to MBR with gdisk as explained on
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/61142/remove-gpt-default-back-to-mbr

Note: /dev/sdb corresponds to the new disk connected via a SATA-USB
adapter for the transfer.

Then "cfdisk /dev/sdb" showed:

                                 Disk: /dev/sdb
           Size: 931.51 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
                       Label: dos, identifier: 0x00000000

    Device       Boot       Start          End     Sectors   Size  Id Type
    /dev/sdb1                2048      1050623     1048576   512M  83 Linux
    /dev/sdb2             1050624   1953525134  1952474511   931G  8e Linux LVM

This ended up with the following:

# grub-install /dev/sdb
Installing for i386-pc platform.
Installation finished. No error reported.

# update-grub
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found background image: /usr/share/images/desktop-base/desktop-grub.png
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-2-amd64
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-2-amd64
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-1-amd64
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-1-amd64
Warning: os-prober will not be executed to detect other bootable partitions.
Systems on them will not be added to the GRUB boot configuration.
Check GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER documentation entry.
done

Then I unmounted everything related to /dev/sdb.

But after changing the disk and booted, instead of getting GRUB,
I got PXE-E61 and PXE-M0F errors, and also

────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
BootDevice Not Found

Please install an operating system on your hard disk.

Hard Disk - (3F0)

F2 System Diagnostics

For more information, please visit: www.hp.com\go\techcenter\startup
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

Note that the disk itself is recognized since the system allowed me
to do a quick check on it (no errors).

So, what could be wrong?

-- 
Vincent Lefèvre <vincent@vinc17.net> - Web: <https://www.vinc17.net/>
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Work: CR INRIA - computer arithmetic / AriC project (LIP, ENS-Lyon)