Le septidi 27 messidor, an CCXXIII, Martin G. McCormick a écrit : > The only reason I put pulseaudio on here was way back > when I was running lenny and had no /dev/dsp. Someone suggested > installing pulseaudio. I did. /dev/dsp came back and life > marched on. This was a bad suggestion. /dev/dsp is obsolete on Linux, has been for years. Not having is perfectly normal, having it back is possibly a sign that you are on the path of breaking things. In my opinion, PulseAudio is only good for messing things up. The features it brings are of doubtful usefulness for most users and the brittleness and complexity it introduces are very real. My advice is to get rid of PulseAudio as much as possible. You will not be able to get rid of the libraries if some packages use them, but make sure you purge the package with the daemon: in the past, just having it was enough to prevent sound playback from working. Then use low-level tools. To know if the cards are correctly detected, look in the file "/proc/asound/cards". To hear if they work, use "aplay -D hw:0" (or hw:1 for the second card). If the cards do not appear in /proc, this is a kernel problem and it must be resolved or there is no point of trying further. The aplay command I quoted does not do automatic conversions, that is on purpose. You will need to give it parameters supported natively by the hardware. With modern cards "-f S16_LE -c 2 -r 48000" does the trick; aplay will give you hints. If you do not manage to get sound out of aplay, there is no point in trying anything else. If you do get sound out of aplay, then sound works. If anything fails to work and does not print any useful error message, try looking at the end of the "dmesg" output. Good luck. Regards, -- Nicolas George
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