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Re: changing default os in grub

Clive Menzies wrote:

On (02/12/04 20:34), john gennard wrote:


Clive Menzies wrote:



[snip]


Hi John

You need to edit /boot/grub/menu.lst with a text editor.  I have a
rather complex grub set-up (which was an interesting learning
experience) on a spare windows machine in our office which has two
drives /dev/hda and /dev/hdb; hda has windows 98 and hdb has a vfat
partition for the windows system and 4 Debian based systems on different
partitions but share common swap space.

Here's an extract from my menu.lst:

# This entry is for the windows OS and appears first as the default
# system on /dev/hda1
title           Windows 98SE
root (hd0,0) savedefault 
makeactive
chainloader     +1


# Put static boot stanzas before and/or after AUTOMAGIC KERNEL LIST
# The automagic kernels list includes all the d-i sarge kernels which
# update automatically.  Note that the groot (grub root) is on the
# second disk
### BEGIN AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST
## lines between the AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST markers will be modified
## by the debian update-grub script except for the default optons below

## DO NOT UNCOMMENT THEM, Just edit them to your needs

## ## Start Default Options ##
## default kernel options
## default kernel options for automagic boot options
## If you want special options for specifiv kernels use kopt_x_y_z
## where x.y.z is kernel version. Minor versions can be omitted.
## e.g. kopt=root=/dev/hda1 ro
# kopt=root=/dev/hdb2 ro

## default grub root device
## e.g. groot=(hd0,0)
# groot=(hd1,1)

## should update-grub create alternative automagic boot options
## e.g. alternative=true
##      alternative=false
# alternative=true

## should update-grub lock alternative automagic boot options
## e.g. lockalternative=true
##      lockalternative=false
# lockalternative=false

## altoption boot targets option
## multiple altoptions lines are allowed
## e.g. altoptions=(extra menu suffix) extra boot options
##      altoptions=(recovery mode) single
# altoptions=(recovery mode) single

## controls how many kernels should be put into the menu.lst
## only counts the first occurence of a kernel, not the
## alternative kernel options
## e.g. howmany=all
##      howmany=7
# howmany=all

## ## End Default Options ##

title           Debian GNU/Linux, kernel 2.6.8-1-686
root            (hd1,1)
kernel          /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.8-1-686 root=/dev/hdb2 ro
initrd          /boot/initrd.img-2.6.8-1-686
savedefault
boot

title           Debian GNU/Linux, kernel 2.6.8-1-686 (recovery mode)
root            (hd1,1)
kernel          /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.8-1-686 root=/dev/hdb2 ro single
initrd          /boot/initrd.img-2.6.8-1-686
savedefault
boot

title           Debian GNU/Linux, kernel 2.4.27-1-386
root            (hd1,1)
kernel          /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.27-1-386 root=/dev/hdb2 ro
initrd          /boot/initrd.img-2.4.27-1-386
savedefault
boot

title           Debian GNU/Linux, kernel 2.4.27-1-386 (recovery mode)
root            (hd1,1)
kernel          /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.27-1-386 root=/dev/hdb2 ro single
initrd          /boot/initrd.img-2.4.27-1-386
savedefault
boot

### END DEBIAN AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST

# This is a divider, added to separate the menu items below from the
# Debian sarge ones. Here I've manually inserted the details of Ubuntu,
# and MEPIS.  Note that Xandros uses LILO by default and offers
# no easy way to install grub. I can only boot into Xandros from a boot
# floppy.  My advice is don't mix Xandros with grub ;)
title           Other operating systems:
root


# This entry automatically added by the Debian installer for an existing
# linux installation on /dev/hdb9.
title           Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.8.1-3-386 (on /dev/hdb9)
root            (hd1,8)
kernel          /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.8.1-3-386 root=/dev/hdb9 ro quiet
splash
initrd          /boot/initrd.img-2.6.8.1-3-386
savedefault
boot


# This entry automatically added by the Debian installer for an existing
# linux installation on /dev/hdb9.
title           Ubuntu, kernel 2.6.8.1-3-386 (recovery mode) (on
/dev/hdb9)
root            (hd1,8)
kernel          /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.8.1-3-386 root=/dev/hdb9 ro single
initrd          /boot/initrd.img-2.6.8.1-3-386
savedefault
boot


# This entry automatically added by the Debian installer for an existing
# linux installation on /dev/hdb11.
title           MEPIS, kernel 2.4.26 (on /dev/hdb11)
root            (hd1,10)
kernel          /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.26 root=/dev/hdb11 ro
savedefault
boot


# This entry automatically added by the Debian installer for an existing
# linux installation on /dev/hdb11.
title           MEPIS, kernel 2.4.26 (recovery mode) (on /dev/hdb11)
root            (hd1,10)
kernel          /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.26 root=/dev/hdb11 ro single
savedefault
boot


# This entry automatically added by the Debian installer for an existing
# linux installation on /dev/hdb11.
title           Run MEMTEST to test system memory (on /dev/hdb11)
root            (hd1,10)
kernel          /boot/memtest86.bin root=/dev/hdb11
savedefault
boot

Once you've edited your menu.lst run update-grub but make sure you have
also made a grub floppy to get you out of trouble, if necessary.  Look
at the GRUB in Debian HOWTO:

http://www.linuxorbit.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=Sections&file=index&req=viewarticle&artid=539

HTH

Clive



Many thanks, Clive. In fact your set up is very similar to
mine except that I have Knoppix 3.1 and Sid and no Mepis.

I have a small W2000 install, but don't want it as the default.
For default, I want Sarge, but it seems I may only be able to
select one kernel.


Hi John

The first boot stanza is the default one and so if you move the Windows
2000 one above to below the Automatic Kernels section, Debian becomes
the default.

When I upgraded the kernel to 2.6.8 the menu.lst was updated and update-
grub run during the install.  So you should be able to have multiple
kernels for sarge.



I'll create a GRUB boot floppy and then experiment.

Until recently, I used boot floppies for all my installed
systems and found that convenient for my purposes. However,
the much larger kernels mean this is no longer an option.

Slightly off this topic: My Bios boot sequence is now set
to Cdrom (I never leave a CD in the drive), then Harddrive.
This allows me to boot into Knoppix later issues and similar
distros without keep going into the Bios. I've been wondering
if anyone has tried putting Lilo or Grub onto a Cdrom (or Dvd).


This is out of my depth thus far ;)

Regards

Clive
I thought I saw something about making a bootable CD in the manual on the GNU site (I had to search for the grub page). I saw something in passing somewhere on the Debian site as well.
Same sources: if you make a boot floppy with the menu, you'll be able to boot everything in menu.lst with one floppy. 

Jim
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