Just about any non-trivial Python package (and some trivial ones) in
Debian will have many distinct modules.
You're familiar with ‘python-django’, as just one example. Including django.contrib, django.core, etc.
Do you mean “multiple distinct Python packages”?
As for Python source distributions: the ‘distutils’ library allows
nominating multiple top-level packages to build, and those can be
shipped in a single ‘sdist’ and appear in a single Debian source
package. Once built to a ‘bdist’, the resulting Python packages can be
built to distinct Debian binary packages. Often that makes sense.
An example of a single source repository which contains multiple
distinct Python packages is Docutils. The ‘python-docutils’ Debian
source package builds Debian binary packages ‘python-docutils’,
‘python-roman’, and the Python 3 equivalents.