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Can't upgrade kernel or GRUB: /boot/grub is a read-only filesystem



Hello,

When I ran apt upgrade on my iMac G3, the kernel and GRUB packages failed to configure. The step that failed in each case was update-grub or grub-install, which failed when trying to write to the /boot/grub HFS partition because it's a "Read-only filesystem."

Investigating /etc/fstab, even though it doesn't say to mount that partition read-only, it was mounted as "ro,relatime,uid=0,gid=0". I tried running `mount -o remount,rw`, but it still mounted as read-only. I also tried mounting it in a non-Debian live environment [1], using the rw option explicitly, but it was still mounted with those same options.

It now makes sense why writing to the disk fails, as it seems any HFS mount is automatically read-only, but why is this only now breaking kernel upgrades? It can't have been a recent change to HFS mounting, since my live environment's ISO was from December 2022. Does anyone know what the problem here could be?

Thanks,
--
Ben Westover

[1] https://archlinuxpower.org

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