[RFR] po-debian-handbook://es-ES/06_apt.po

[jathan <jathanblackred@gmail.com>]

Saludos, envío avances de esta semana.

-- 
Por favor evita enviarme adjuntos en formato de word o powerpoint, si
quieres saber por que lee esto
http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.es.html
Cambiate a GNU/Linux! http://getgnulinux.org/es

#
# Jonathan Bustillos <jathanblackred@gmail.com>, 2012.
#
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: 0\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-05-09T20:00:16\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-06-23 23:31-0500\n"
"Last-Translator: Jonathan Bustillos <jathanblackred@gmail.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Debian Spanish <debian-l10n-spanish@lists.debian.org>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"

#. Tag: keyword
#, no-c-format
msgid "apt-get"
msgstr "apt-get"

#. Tag: keyword
#, no-c-format
msgid "apt-cache"
msgstr "apt-cache"

#. Tag: keyword
#, no-c-format
msgid "aptitude"
msgstr "aptitude"

#. Tag: keyword
#, no-c-format
msgid "synaptic"
msgstr "synaptic"

#. Tag: keyword
#, no-c-format
msgid "sources.list"
msgstr "sources.list"

#. Tag: keyword
#, no-c-format
msgid "apt-cdrom"
msgstr "apt-cdrom"

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Maintenance and Updates: The APT Tools"
msgstr "Mantenimiento y actualizaciones: Las utilidades APT"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"What makes Debian so popular with administrators is how easily software can "
"be installed and how easily the whole system can be updated. This unique "
"advantage is largely due to the <emphasis>APT</emphasis> program, the "
"features of which Falcot Corp administrators studied with enthusiasm."
msgstr ""
"Lo que hace a Debian tan popular entre los administradores, es la facilidad "
"con que se puede instalar software y como se puede actualizar todo el "
"sistema. Esta ventaja única es en gran parte debido al programa "
"<emphasis>APT </emphasis>, las características del cual los administradores "
"de Falcot Corp han estudiado con entusiasmo."

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<indexterm><primary>APT</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>Advanced "
"Package Tool</primary></indexterm> APT is the abbreviation for Advanced "
"Package Tool. What makes this program â??advancedâ?? is its approach to "
"packages. It doesn't simply evaluate them individually, but it considers "
"them as a whole and produces the best possible combination of packages "
"depending on what is available and compatible (according to dependencies)."
msgstr ""
"<indexterm> <primary> APT </ primary> </ indexterm> <indexterm> <primary> "
"Advanced Package Tool </ primary> </ indexterm> APT es la abreviatura de "
"Advanced Package Tool. Lo que hace este programa \"avanzado\" es su enfoque "
"a los paquetes. No se limita a evaluarlos de forma individual, sino que los "
"considera como un todo y produce la mejor combinación posible de paquetes en "
"función de lo que está disponible y compatible (de acuerdo a las "
"dependencias)."

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>VOCABULARY</emphasis> Package source and source package"
msgstr "<emphasis>VOCABULARIO</emphasis> Fuente del paquete y paquete fuente"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The word <emphasis>source</emphasis> can be ambiguous. A source package â?? a "
"package containing the source code of a program â?? should not be confused "
"with a package source â?? a repository (website, FTP server, CD-ROM, local "
"directory, etc.) which contains packages."
msgstr ""
"La palabra <emphasis>fuente</emphasis> puede ser ambigua. Un paquete fuente "
"- un paquete que contiene el código fuente de un programa - no debe ser "
"confundido con una fuente u origen de paquete - un repositorio (sitio web, "
"servidor FTP, CD-ROM, directorio local, etc), que contiene los paquetes."

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"APT needs to be given a â??list of package sourcesâ??: the file <filename>/etc/"
"apt/sources.list</filename> will list the different repositories (or "
"â??sourcesâ??) that publish Debian packages. APT will then import the list of "
"packages published by each of these sources. This operation is achieved by "
"downloading <filename>Packages.gz</filename> or <filename>Packages.bz2</"
"filename> files (in case of a source of binary packages) and "
"<filename>Sources.gz</filename> or <filename>Sources.bz2</filename> files "
"(in case of a source of source packages) and by analyzing their contents. "
"When an old copy of these files is already present, APT can update it by "
"only downloading the differences (see sidebar <xref linkend=\"encadre.apt-"
"pdiff\" />)."
msgstr ""
"APT necesita que se le asigne una \"lista de fuentes de paquetes:\" El "
"fichero <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> mostrará una lista de los "
"diferentes repositorios (o \"fuentes\") que publican los paquetes de Debian. "
"APT importará entonces la lista de los paquetes publicados por cada una de "
"estas fuentes. Esta operación se logra descargando "
"ficheros<filename>Packages.gz</filename> o <filename>Packages.bz2</filename> "
"(en el caso de una fuente de paquetes binarios) y mediante el análisis de su "
"contenido. Cuando una vieja copia de estos ficheros ya está presente, APT "
"puede actualizarla tan solo descargando las diferencias (véase el recuadro "
"<xref linkend=\"encadre.apt-pdiff\" />)."

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><filename>Packages.gz</filename></primary>"
msgstr "<primary><filename>Packages.gz</filename></primary>"

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><filename>Sources.gz</filename></primary>"
msgstr "<primary><filename>Sources.gz</filename></primary>"

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<emphasis>BACK TO BASICS</emphasis> <command>gzip</command>, <command>bzip2</"
"command>, <command>LZMA</command> and <command>XZ</command> Compression"
msgstr ""
"<emphasis>REGRESO A LO B�SICO</emphasis><command>Compresión</command> "
"<command>gzip</command>, <command>bzip2</command>, <command>LZMA</command> y "
"<command>XZ</command>"

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><command>gzip</command></primary>"
msgstr "<primary><command>gzip</command></primary>"

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><command>bzip2</command></primary>"
msgstr "<primary><command>bzip2</command></primary>"

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><command>lzma</command></primary>"
msgstr "<primary><command>lzma</command></primary>"

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><command>xz</command></primary>"
msgstr "<primary><command>xz</command></primary>"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"A <filename>.gz</filename> extension refers to a file compressed with the "
"<command>gzip</command> utility. <command>gzip</command> is the fast and "
"efficient traditional Unix utility to compress files. Newer tools achieve "
"better rates of compression but require more calculation time to compress a "
"file. Among them, and by order of appearance, there are <command>bzip2</"
"command> (generating files with a <filename>.bz2</filename> extension), "
"<command>lzma</command> (generating <filename>.lzma</filename> files) and "
"<command>xz</command> (generating <filename>.xz</filename> files)."
msgstr ""
"La extensión <filename>.gz</filename> hace referencia a un fichero que ha "
"sido comprimido con la utilidad <command>gzip</command>.  <command>gzip</"
"command> es la utilidad tradicional Unix rápida y eficiente para comprimir "
"ficheros. La utilidades más nuevas alcanzan mejores niveles de compresión, "
"pero rquieren de mayor tiempo de cálculo para comprimir un fichero. Además "
"de éstas, y por orden de aparición, están <command>bzip2</command> (crea "
"ficheros con extensión <filename>.bz2</filename>), <command>lzma</command> "
"(crea ficheros <filename>.lzma</filename> ) y <command>xz</command> (crea "
"ficheros <filename>.xz</filename>)."

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Filling in the <filename>sources.list</filename> File"
msgstr "Llenando el fichero <filename>sources.list</filename>"

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><filename>sources.list</filename></primary>"
msgstr "<primary><filename>sources.list</filename></primary>"

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>source of packages</primary>"
msgstr "<primary>fuente de paquetes</primary>"

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>package</primary><secondary>source of</secondary>"
msgstr "<primary>origen de</primary><secondary>paquete</secondary>"

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename></primary>"
msgstr "<primary><filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename></primary>"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Each active line of the <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file "
"contains the description of a source, made of 3 parts separated by spaces."
msgstr ""
"Cada línea del fichero <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> contiene "
"una descripción del origen, compuesta por 3 partes separadas por espacios."

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "The first field indicates the source type:"
msgstr "El primer campo indica el tipo de origen:"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "â??<literal>deb</literal>â?? for binary packages,"
msgstr "â??<literal>deb</literal>â?? para paquetes binarios,"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid "â??<literal>deb-src</literal>â?? for source packages."
msgstr "â??<literal>deb-src</literal>â?? para paquetes fuente."

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The second field gives the base URL of the source (combined with the "
"filenames present in the <filename>Packages.gz</filename> files, it must "
"give a full and valid URL): this can consist in a Debian mirror or in any "
"other package archive set up by a third party. The URL can start with "
"<literal>file://</literal> to indicate a local source installed in the "
"system's file hierarchy, with <literal>http://</literal> to indicate a "
"source accessible from a web server, or with <literal>ftp://</literal> for a "
"source available on an FTP server. The URL can also start with "
"<literal>cdrom://</literal> for CD-ROM based installations, although this is "
"less frequent, since network-based installation methods are more and more "
"common."
msgstr ""
"El segundo campo indica la URL principal de la fuente (combinada con los "
"nombres presentes en los ficheros <filename>Packages.gz</filename>, "
"ortorgando una dirección URL completa y válida): esta puede consistir en una "
"réplica de Debian, o en cualquier otro fichero de paquete creado por un "
"tercero. La dirección URL puede comenzar con <literal>file://</literal> para "
"indicar una fuente local instalada en la jerarquía de ficheros del sistema, "
"con <literal>http://</literal> para indicar una fuente accesible desde un "
"servidor web, o con <literal>ftp://</literal> para una fuente disponible "
"desde un servidor FTP. La URL también puede comenzar con <literal>cdrom://</"
"literal> para instalaciones basadas en CD-ROM, aunque esto es menos "
"frecuente, ya que los métodos de instalación basados en la red son cada vez "
"más comunes."

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The syntax of the last field depends on whether the source corresponds to a "
"Debian mirror or not. In the case of a Debian mirror, name the chosen "
"distribution (<literal>stable</literal>, <literal>testing</literal>, "
"<literal>unstable</literal> or their current code names â?? see the list in "
"sidebar <xref linkend=\"cadre.bruce-perens\" />), then the sections to "
"enable (chosen between <literal>main</literal>, <literal>contrib</literal>, "
"and <literal>non-free</literal>). In all other cases, simply indicate the "
"subdirectory of the desired source (this is often a simple â??<filename>./</"
"filename>â?? which refers to the absence of a subdirectory â?? the packages are "
"then directly at the specified URL)."
msgstr ""
"La sintaxis del último campo depende de si la fuente corresponde a una "
"réplica de Debian o no. En el caso de una réplica de Debian, el nombre de la "
"distribución elegida (<literal>stable</literal>, <literal>testing</literal>, "
"<literal>unstable</literal> o sus nombres en clave actual â?? véase la lista "
"en la barra lateral <xref linkend=\"cadre.bruce-perens\" />), estará seguido "
"de las secciones que estarán habilitadas (elegidas entre <literal>main</"
"literal>, <literal>contrib</literal>, y <literal>non-free</literal>). En "
"todos los demás casos, hay que indicar el subdirectorio de la fuente deseada "
"(esto es a menudo â??<filename>./</filename>â??  que se refiere a la ausencia de "
"un subdirectorio â?? los paquetes son indicados entonces directamente en la "
"URL especificada)."

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<emphasis>VOCABULARY</emphasis> The <foreignphrase>main</foreignphrase>, "
"<foreignphrase>contrib</foreignphrase> and <foreignphrase>non-free</"
"foreignphrase> archives"
msgstr ""
"<emphasis>VOCABULARIO</emphasis> Los archivos <foreignphrase>main</"
"foreignphrase>, <foreignphrase>contrib</foreignphrase> y <foreignphrase>non-"
"free</foreignphrase>"

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<primary>section</primary><secondary><foreignphrase>main</foreignphrase></"
"secondary>"
msgstr ""
"<primary>sección</primary><secondary><foreignphrase>main</foreignphrase></"
"secondary>"

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><foreignphrase>main</foreignphrase>, section</primary>"
msgstr "<primary><foreignphrase>sección</foreignphrase> main</primary>"

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<primary>section</primary><secondary><foreignphrase>contrib</foreignphrase></"
"secondary>"
msgstr ""
"<primary>sección</primary><secondary><foreignphrase>contrib</foreignphrase></"
"secondary>"

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><foreignphrase>contrib</foreignphrase>, section</primary>"
msgstr "<primary><foreignphrase>sección</foreignphrase>contrib</primary>"

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<primary>section</primary><secondary><foreignphrase>non-free</"
"foreignphrase></secondary>"
msgstr ""
"<primary>sección</primary><secondary><foreignphrase>non-free</"
"foreignphrase></secondary>"

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><foreignphrase>non-free</foreignphrase>, section</primary>"
msgstr "<primary><foreignphrase>sección</foreignphrase>,nombre</primary>"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Debian uses three sections to differentiate packages according to the "
"licenses chosen by the authors of each program. <foreignphrase>Main</"
"foreignphrase> (the main archive) gathers all packages which fully comply "
"with the Debian Free Software Guidelines."
msgstr ""
"Debian utiliza tres secciones para diferenciar los paquetes de acuerdo a las "
"licencias escogidas por los autores de cada programa. <foreignphrase>Main</"
"foreignphrase> (el archivo principal) recoge todos los paquetes que cumplan "
"plenamente con las Directrices de Software Libre de Debian."

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <foreignphrase>non-free</foreignphrase> archive is different because it "
"contains software which does not (entirely) conform to these principles but "
"which can nevertheless be distributed freely. This archive, which is not "
"officially part of Debian, is a service for users who could need those "
"softwares â?? however Debian always recommends giving priority to free "
"software. The existence of this section represents a considerable problem "
"for Richard M. Stallman and keeps the Free Software Foundation from "
"recommending Debian to users."
msgstr ""
"El archivo <foreignphrase>non-free</ foreignphrase> es diferente, ya que "
"contiene software que no (del todo) se ajusta a estos principios, pero que "
"sin embargo se puede distribuir libremente. Este archivo, que no forma parte "
"oficialmente de Debian, es un servicio para los usuarios que puedan "
"necesitar de algún software que proporciona esta sección - sin embargo, "
"Debian siempre recomienda dar prioridad al software libre. La existencia de "
"esta sección representa un problema considerable para Richard M. Stallman y "
"por lo tanto la Fundación del Software Libre se abstiene de recomendar "
"Debian a los usuarios."

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<foreignphrase>Contrib</foreignphrase> (contributions) is a stock of open "
"source software which cannot function without some non-free elements. These "
"elements can be software from the <foreignphrase>non-free</foreignphrase> "
"section, or non-free files such as game ROMs, BIOS of consoles, etc. "
"<foreignphrase>Contrib</foreignphrase> also includes free software whose "
"compilation requires proprietary elements. This was initially the case for "
"the OpenOffice.org office suite, which used to require a proprietary Java "
"environment."
msgstr ""
"<foreignphrase>Contrib</foreignphrase> (contribuciones) es un depósito de "
"software de código abierto que no puede funcionar sin algunos elementos que "
"no son libres. Estos elementos pueden ser de software de la sección "
"<foreignphrase>non-free</ foreignphrase>, o ficheros no libres, como los ROM "
"de juegos, BIOS de consolas, etc. <foreignphrase>Contrib</foreignphrase> "
"también incluyel software libre cuya compilación requiere de elementos "
"propietarios. Esto fue inicialmente el caso de la suite ofimática OpenOffice."
"org, que solía requerir un entorno Java propietario."

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Generally, the contents of a standard <filename>sources.list</filename> file "
"can be the following:"
msgstr ""
"Generalmente, el contenido de un fichero <filename>sources.list</filename> "
"estándar puede ser el siguiente:"

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> file"
msgstr "el fichero <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>"

#. Tag: programlisting
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"# Security updates\n"
"deb http://security.debian.org/ stable/updates main contrib non-free\n"
"deb-src http://security.debian.org/ stable/updates main contrib non-free\n"
"\n"
"# Debian mirror\n"
"deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian stable main contrib non-free\n"
"deb-src http://ftp.debian.org/debian stable main contrib non-free\n"
msgstr ""
"# Actualizaciones de seguridad\n"
"deb http://security.debian.org/ stable/updates main contrib non-free\n"
"deb-src http://security.debian.org/ stable/updates main contrib non-free\n"
"\n"
"# Réplica de Debian\n"
"deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian stable main contrib non-free\n"
"deb-src http://ftp.debian.org/debian stable main contrib non-free\n"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This file lists all sources of packages associated with the stable version "
"of Debian. If you would like to use <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Testing</"
"emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Unstable</emphasis>, you will "
"of course have to add (or replace them with) the appropriate lines. When the "
"desired version of a package is available on several mirrors, the first one "
"listed in the <filename>sources.list</filename> file will be used. For this "
"reason, non-official sources are usually added at the end of the file."
msgstr ""
"Este archivo contiene todas las fuentes de los paquetes asociados con la "
"versión estable de Debian. Si desea utilizar <emphasis role=\"distribution"
"\">Testing</emphasis> o <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Unstable</emphasis>, "
"tendrá que agregarlas o reemplazarlas con las líneas correspondientes . "
"Cuando la versión deseada de un paquete se encuentra disponible en varias "
"réplicas, la primera que se muestra en el fichero <filename>sources.list</"
"filename> es la que se utilizará. Por esta razón, fuentes no oficiales "
"normalmente se añaden al final del archivo."

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<emphasis>TIP</emphasis> <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/*.list</filename> "
"files"
msgstr ""
"<emphasis>CONSEJO</emphasis> ficheros <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list.d/*."
"list</filename>"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If many package sources are referenced, it can be useful to split them in "
"multiple files. Each part is then stored in <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list."
"d/<replaceable>filename</replaceable>.list</filename> (see sidebar <xref "
"linkend=\"cadre-repertoire.d\" />)."
msgstr ""
"Si se hace referencia a muchas fuentes de paquetes, puede ser útil "
"dividirlas en varios ficheros. Cada parte será almacenada entonces en el "
"archivo /etc/apt/ sources.list.d/ <replaceable>nombre del fichero</"
"replaceable>.list</filename> (ver recuadro <xref linkend=\"cadre-repertoire.d"
"\" />)."

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>QUICK LOOK</emphasis> <command>apt-spy</command>"
msgstr "<emphasis>VISTAZO RÃ?PIDO</emphasis> <command>apt-spy</command>"

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><command>apt-spy</command></primary>"
msgstr "<primary><command>apt-spy</command></primary>"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This software tests the download speed from several Debian mirrors and "
"generates a <filename>sources.list</filename> file which points to the the "
"fastest mirror."
msgstr ""
"Este software comprueba la velocidad de descarga desde varias réplicas de "
"Debian y genera un fichero <filename>sources.list</filename> que apunta a la "
"réplica más rápida."

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The mirror selected during installation is generally suitable since its "
"selection is based on the country. However, if the download is a little "
"slow, or after a move, you can try running the application available in the "
"<emphasis role=\"pkg\">apt-spy</emphasis> package."
msgstr ""
"La réplica seleccionada durante la instalación normalmente es la adecuada, "
"ya que la selección de la misma se basa en el país. Sin embargo, si la "
"descarga es un poco lenta, o tras cambiar de ubicación, puede probar a "
"ejecutar la aplicación disponible en el paquete <emphasis role=\"pkg\">apt-"
"spy</emphasis>."

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><command>apt-cdrom</command></primary>"
msgstr "<primary><command>apt-cdrom</command></primary>"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <filename>sources.list</filename> file contains several other entry "
"types: some describe the Debian CD-ROMs you have. Contrary to other entries, "
"a CD-ROM is not always available since it has to be inserted into the drive "
"and since only one disc can be read at a time â?? consequently, these sources "
"are managed in a slightly different way. These entries need to be added with "
"the <command>apt-cdrom</command> program, usually executed with the "
"<literal>add</literal> parameter. The latter will then request the disc to "
"be inserted in the drive and will browse its contents looking for "
"<filename>Packages</filename> files. It will use these files to update its "
"database of available packages (this is usually done by the "
"<command>aptitude update</command> command). From then on, APT can require "
"the disc to be inserted if it needs one of its packages."
msgstr ""
"El fichero <filename>sources.list</ filename> contiene varios tipos de "
"entrada diferentes: algunos describen los CD-ROMs de Debian que usted tiene. "
"A diferencia de otras entradas, un CD-ROM no siempre está disponible, ya que "
"tiene que ser insertado en la unidad óptica y sólo un disco puede leerse a "
"la vez - por lo tanto, estas fuentes se administran de una manera "
"ligeramente diferente. Estas entradas necesitan ser añadidas con el programa "
"<command>apt-cdrom</command>, normalmente ejecutado con el parámetro "
"<literal>add</literal>. Este último solicitará entonces que el disco sea "
"insertado en la unidad y explorará su contenido en busca de ficheros "
"<filename>Packages</filename>. El sistema utilizará estos archivos para "
"actualizar su base de datos de paquetes disponibles (esto se suele hacer "
"mediante el comando <command>aptitude update</command>). A partir de "
"entonces, APT puede requerir que el disco sea insertado si es necesario uno "
"de sus paquetes."

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Other Available Official Repositories"
msgstr "Otros repositorios oficiales disponibles"

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis role=\"distribution\">Stable</emphasis> Updates"
msgstr ""
"Actualizaciones de la versión <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Estable</"
"emphasis>"

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><literal>stable-updates</literal></primary>"
msgstr "<primary><literal>stable-updates</literal></primary>"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Once published, the <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Stable</emphasis> "
"distribution is only updated about once every 2 months in order to integrate "
"the security updates published on <literal>security.debian.org</literal>."
msgstr ""
"Una vez publicada, la distribución <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Estable</"
"emphasis> se actualiza solo una vez cada 2 meses para integrar las "
"actualizaciones de seguridad publicadas en <literal>security.debian.org</"
"literal>."

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This minor release can also include updates for packages that have to evolve "
"over time... like <emphasis role=\"pkg\">spamassassin</emphasis>'s spam "
"detection rules, <emphasis role=\"pkg\">clamav</emphasis>'s virus database, "
"or the daylight-saving rules of all timezones (<emphasis role=\"pkg"
"\">tzdata</emphasis>)."
msgstr ""
"Este lanzamiento menor también puede incluir actualizaciones para los "
"paquetes que tienen que evolucionar con el tiempo ... como <emphasis role="
"\"pkg\">spamassassin</emphasis>'s parámetros de detección de spam, <emphasis "
"role=\"pkg\">clamav</emphasis>'s base de datos de virus, o los horarios de "
"verano de todas las zonas horarias (<emphasis role=\"pkg\">tzdata</"
"emphasis>)."

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"All those updates are prepared in a repository known as <literal>proposed-"
"updates</literal>. Anyone can use this repository to test those updates "
"before their official publication. The extract below uses the "
"<literal>squeeze-proposed-updates</literal> alias which is both more "
"explicit and more consistent since <literal>lenny-proposed-updates</literal> "
"also exists (for the <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Oldstable</emphasis> "
"updates):"
msgstr ""
"Todas estas actualizaciones están disponibles en un depósito conocido como "
"<literal>proposed-updates</literal>. Cualquiera puede utilizar este "
"repositorio para probar las actualizaciones antes de su publicación oficial. "
"El extracto siguiente utiliza el alias <literal>squeeze-proposed-updates</"
"literal> que es a la vez más explícito y coherente desde <literal>lenny-"
"proposed-updates</literal> también existen (para las actualizaciones "
"<emphasis role=\"distribution\">Oldstable</emphasis>):"

#. Tag: programlisting
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian squeeze-proposed-updates main contrib non-"
"free\n"
msgstr ""
"deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian squeeze-proposed-updates main contrib non-"
"free\n"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Once ready, the most important updates â?? those which cannot wait for the "
"next minor Debian release â?? are published in the <literal>stable-updates</"
"literal> repository (which most systems are expected to use):"
msgstr ""
"Una vez preparadas, las actualizaciones más importantes â?? aquellas que no "
"pueden esperar al siguiente lanzamiento de Debian  â?? son publicadas en el "
"repositorio <literal>stable-updates</literal> (el cual se espera que la "
"mayoría de los sistemas utilicen):"

#. Tag: programlisting
#, no-c-format
msgid "deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free\n"
msgstr ""
"deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free\n"

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "The Backports From <literal>backports.debian.org</literal>"
msgstr "Los Backports desde <literal>backports.debian.org</literal>"

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><literal>backports.debian.org</literal></primary>"
msgstr "<primary><literal>backports.debian.org</literal></primary>"

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>backport</primary>"
msgstr "<primary>backport</primary>"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Unsurprisingly, the <literal>backports.debian.org</literal> server hosts "
"â??package backportsâ??. The term refers to a package of a recent software which "
"has been recompiled for an older distribution, generally for <emphasis role="
"\"distribution\">Stable</emphasis>. When the distribution becomes a little "
"dated, numerous software projects have released new versions that are not "
"integrated into the current <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Stable</"
"emphasis> (which is only modified to address the most critical problems, "
"such as security problems). Since the <emphasis role=\"distribution"
"\">Testing</emphasis> and <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Unstable</"
"emphasis> distributions can be more risky, some volunteers sometimes offer "
"recompilations of recent software applications for <emphasis role="
"\"distribution\">Stable</emphasis>, which has the advantage to limit "
"potential instability to a small number of chosen packages. <ulink type="
"\"block\" url=\"http://backports.debian.org/\"; />"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <filename>sources.list</filename> entry for backports targeting the "
"<emphasis role=\"distribution\">Squeeze</emphasis> distribution is the "
"following:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"deb http://backports.debian.org/debian-backports squeeze-backports main "
"contrib non-free\n"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "The <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Experimental</emphasis> Repository"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<primary><emphasis role=\"distribution\">Experimental</emphasis></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The archive of <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Experimental</emphasis> "
"packages is present on all Debian mirrors, and contains packages which are "
"not in the <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Unstable</emphasis> version yet "
"because of their substandard quality â?? they are often software development "
"versions or pre-versions (alpha, beta, release candidateâ?¦). A package can "
"also be sent there after undergoing subsequent changes which can generate "
"problems. The maintainer then tries to uncover them thanks to advanced users "
"who can manage important issues. After this first stage, the package is "
"moved into <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Unstable</emphasis>, where it "
"reaches a much larger audience and where it will be tested in much more "
"detail."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<emphasis role=\"distribution\">Experimental</emphasis> is generally used by "
"users who do not mind breaking their system and then repairing it. This "
"distribution gives the possibility to import a package which a user wants to "
"try or use as the need arises. That is exactly how Debian approaches it, "
"since adding it in APT's <filename>sources.list</filename> file does not "
"lead to the systematic use of its packages. The line to be added is:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#, no-c-format
msgid "deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian experimental main contrib non-free\n"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Non-Official Resources: <literal>apt-get.org</literal> and <literal>mentors."
"debian.net</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><literal>apt-get.org</literal></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><literal>mentors.debian.net</literal></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"There are numerous non-official sources of Debian packages set up by "
"advanced users who have recompiled some softwares, by programmers who make "
"their creation available to all, and even by Debian developers who offer pre-"
"versions of their package online. A web site was set up to find these "
"alternative sources more easily. It contains an impressive amount of Debian "
"package sources which can immediately be integrated into <filename>sources."
"list</filename> files. However, be careful not to add random packages. Each "
"source is designed for a particular version of Debian (the one used to "
"compile the packages in question); each user should maintain a certain "
"coherence in what they choose to install. <ulink type=\"block\" url=\"http://";
"www.apt-get.org/\" />"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <literal>mentors.debian.net</literal> site is also interesting, since it "
"gathers packages created by candidates to the status of official Debian "
"developer or by volunteers who wish to create Debian packages without going "
"through that process of integration. These packages are made available "
"without any guarantee regarding their quality; make sure that you check "
"their origin and integrity and then test them before you consider using them "
"in production."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>COMMUNITY</emphasis> The <literal>debian.net</literal> sites"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><emphasis>debian.net</emphasis></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <emphasis>debian.net</emphasis> domain is not an official resource of "
"the Debian project. Each Debian developer may use that domain name for their "
"own use. These websites can contain unofficial services (sometimes personal "
"sites) hosted on a machine which does not belong to the project and set up "
"by Debian developers, or even prototypes about to be moved on to "
"<emphasis>debian.org</emphasis>. Two reasons can explain why some of these "
"prototypes remain on <emphasis>debian.net</emphasis>: either no one has made "
"the necessary effort to transform it into an official service (hosted on the "
"<emphasis>debian.org</emphasis> domain, and with a certain guarantee of "
"maintenance), or the service is too controversial to be officialized."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Installing a package means giving root rights to its creator, because they "
"decide on the contents of the initialization scripts which are run under "
"that identity. Official Debian packages are created by volunteers who have "
"been co-opted and reviewed and who can seal their packages so that their "
"origin and integrity can be checked."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In general, be wary of a package whose origin you don't know and which isn't "
"hosted on one of the official Debian servers: evaluate the degree to which "
"you can trust the creator, and check the integrity of the package. <ulink "
"type=\"block\" url=\"http://mentors.debian.net/\"; />"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<emphasis>GOING FURTHER</emphasis> Old package versions: <literal>snapshot."
"debian.org</literal>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><literal>snapshot.debian.org</literal></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"A new service (introduced in April 2010) can be used to â??go backwards in "
"timeâ?? and to find an old version of a package. It can be used for example to "
"identify which version of a package introduced a regression, and more "
"concretely, to come back to the former version while waiting for the "
"regression fix."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<command>aptitude</command> and <command>apt-get</command> Commands"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><command>apt-get</command></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><command>aptitude</command></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"APT is a vast project, whose original plans included a graphical interface. "
"It is based on a library which contains the core application, and "
"<command>apt-get</command> is the first interface â?? command-line based â?? "
"which was developed within the project."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Numerous other graphical interfaces then appeared as external projects: "
"<command>synaptic</command>, <command>aptitude</command> (which includes "
"both a text mode interface and a graphical one â?? even if not complete yet), "
"<command>wajig</command>, etc. The most recommended interface, "
"<command>aptitude</command>, is the one used during the installation of "
"Debian. Since its command-line syntax is very similar to <command>apt-get</"
"command>'s, we will be focusing on <command>aptitude</command> in the "
"examples given in this section. When there are major differences between "
"<command>aptitude</command> and <command>apt-get</command>, these "
"differences will be detailed."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Initialization"
msgstr "Inicialización"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"For any work with APT, the list of available packages needs to be updated; "
"this can be done simply through <command>aptitude update</command>. "
"Depending on the speed of your connection, the operation can take a while "
"since it involves downloading a certain number of <filename>Packages.(gz|bz2)"
"</filename> files (or even <filename>Sources.(gz|bz2)</filename>), which "
"have gradually become bigger and bigger as Debian has developed (more than "
"8Â MB for the largest <filename>Packages.gz</filename> â?? from the "
"<literal>main</literal> section). Of course, installing from a CD-ROM set "
"does not require any downloading â?? in this case, the operation is very fast."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><command>apt-get update</command></primary>"
msgstr "<primary><command>apt-get update</command></primary>"

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><command>aptitude update</command></primary>"
msgstr "<primary><command>aptitude update</command></primary>"

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Installing and Removing"
msgstr "Instalación y Eliminación"

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>package</primary><secondary>installation</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>package</primary><secondary>removal</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>installation</primary><secondary>of packages</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>removal of a package</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"With APT, packages can be added or removed from the system, respectively "
"with <command>aptitude install <replaceable>package</replaceable></command> "
"and <command>aptitude remove <replaceable>package</replaceable></command>. "
"In both cases, APT will automatically install the necessary dependencies or "
"delete the packages which depend on the package that is being removed. The "
"<command>aptitude purge <replaceable>package</replaceable></command> or "
"<command>apt-get purge <replaceable>package</replaceable></command> commands "
"involve a complete uninstallation â?? the configuration files are also deleted."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><command>apt-get install</command></primary>"
msgstr "<primary><command>apt-get install</command></primary>"

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><command>apt-get remove</command></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><command>apt-get purge</command></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><command>aptitude install</command></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><command>aptitude remove</command></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><command>aptitude purge</command></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<emphasis>TIP</emphasis> Installing the same selection of packages several "
"times"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"It can be useful to systematically install the same list of packages on "
"several computers. This can be done quite easily."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"First, retrieve the list of packages installed on the computer which will "
"serve as the â??modelâ?? to copy."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<computeroutput>$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --get-selections &gt;pkg-"
"list</userinput>\n"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <filename>pkg-list</filename> file then contains the list of installed "
"packages. Next, transfer the <filename>pkg-list</filename> file on the "
"computers you want to update and use the following commands:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --set-selections &lt;pkg-"
"list</userinput>\n"
"<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>apt-get dselect-upgrade</"
"userinput>\n"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The first command registers the list of packages you wish to install, then "
"the <command>apt-get</command> invocation executes the required operations! "
"<command>aptitude</command> does not have this command."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>TIP</emphasis> Removing and installing at the same time"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"It is possible to ask <command>aptitude</command> (or <command>apt-get</"
"command>) to install certain packages and remove others on the same command "
"line by adding a suffix. With an <command>aptitude install</command> "
"command, add â??<literal>-</literal>â?? to the names of the packages you wish to "
"remove. With an <command>aptitude remove</command> command, add â??<literal>+</"
"literal>â?? to the names of the packages you wish to install."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The next example shows two different ways to install <replaceable>package1</"
"replaceable> and to remove <replaceable>package2</replaceable>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>aptitude install "
"<replaceable>package1</replaceable> <replaceable>package2-</replaceable></"
"userinput>\n"
"[...]\n"
"<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>aptitude remove "
"<replaceable>package1+</replaceable> <replaceable>package2</replaceable></"
"userinput>\n"
"[...]\n"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<emphasis>TIP</emphasis> <command>apt-get --reinstall</command> and "
"<command>aptitude reinstall</command>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>reinstallation</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The system can sometimes be damaged after the removal or modification of "
"files in a package. The easiest way to retrieve these files is to reinstall "
"the affected package. Unfortunately, the packaging system finds that the "
"latter is already installed and politely refuses to reinstall it; to avoid "
"this, use the <literal>--reinstall</literal> option of the <command>apt-get</"
"command> command. The following command reinstalls <emphasis role=\"pkg"
"\">postfix</emphasis> even if it is already present:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>apt-get --reinstall install "
"postfix</userinput>\n"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <command>aptitude</command> command line is slightly different, but "
"achieves the same result with <command>aptitude reinstall postfix</command>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The problem does not arise with <command>dpkg</command>, but the "
"administrator rarely uses it directly."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Be careful, using <command>apt-get --reinstall</command> to restore packages "
"modified during an attack certainly cannot recover the system as it was. "
"<xref linkend=\"sect.dealing-with-compromised-machine\" /> details the "
"necessary steps to take with a hacked system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If the file <filename>sources.list</filename> mentions several "
"distributions, it is possible to give the version of the package to install. "
"A specific version number can be requested with <command>aptitude install "
"<replaceable>package</replaceable>=<replaceable>version</replaceable></"
"command>, but indicating its distribution of origin (<emphasis role="
"\"distribution\">Stable</emphasis>, <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Testing</"
"emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Unstable</emphasis>) â?? with "
"<command>aptitude install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/"
"<replaceable>distribution</replaceable></command> â?? is usually preferred. "
"With this command, it is possible to go back to an older version of a "
"package (if for instance you know that it works well), provided that it is "
"still available in one of the sources referenced by the <filename>sources."
"list</filename> file. Otherwise the <literal>snapshot.debian.org</literal> "
"archive can come to the rescue (see sidebar <xref linkend=\"cadre.snapshot."
"debian.org\" />)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Installation of the <emphasis role=\"distribution\">unstable</emphasis> "
"version of <emphasis role=\"pkg\">spamassassin</emphasis>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>aptitude install spamassassin/"
"unstable</userinput>\n"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<emphasis>GOING FURTHER</emphasis> The cache of <filename>.deb</filename> "
"files"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"APT keeps a copy of each downloaded <filename>.deb</filename> file in the "
"directory <filename>/var/cache/apt/archives/</filename>. In case of frequent "
"updates, this directory can quickly take a lot of disk space with several "
"versions of each package; you should regularly sort through them. Two "
"commands can be used: <command>aptitude clean</command> entirely empties the "
"directory; <command>aptitude autoclean</command> only removes packages which "
"cannot be downloaded (because they have disappeared from the Debian mirror) "
"and are therefore clearly useless (the configuration parameter <literal>APT::"
"Clean-Installed</literal> can prevent the removal of <filename>.deb</"
"filename> files that are currently installed)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "System Upgrade"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>upgrade</primary><secondary>of the system</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Regular upgrades are recommended, because they include the latest security "
"updates. To upgrade, use <command>aptitude safe-upgrade</command> or "
"<command>apt-get upgrade</command> (of course after <command>aptitude "
"update</command>). This command looks for installed packages which can be "
"upgraded without removing any packages. In other words, the goal is to "
"ensure the least intrusive upgrade possible. <command>apt-get</command> is "
"slightly more demanding than <command>aptitude</command> because it will "
"refuse to install packages which were not installed beforehand."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>TIP</emphasis> Incremental upgrade"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"As we explained earlier, the aim of the <command>aptitude update</command> "
"command is to download for each package source the corresponding "
"<filename>Packages</filename> (or <filename>Sources</filename>) file. "
"However, even after a <command>bzip2</command> compression, these files can "
"remain rather large (the <filename>Packages.bz2</filename> for the "
"<foreignphrase>main</foreignphrase> section of <emphasis role=\"distribution"
"\">Squeeze</emphasis> takes more than 8Â MB). If you wish to upgrade "
"regularly, these downloads can take up a lot of time."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"A â??new featureâ?? (available since <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Etch</"
"emphasis>) is that APT can now download the changes since the previous "
"update, as opposed to the entire file. To achieve this, official Debian "
"mirrors distribute different files which list the differences between one "
"version of the <filename>Packages</filename> file and the following version. "
"They are generated at each update of the archives and a history of one week "
"is kept. Each of these â??diffâ?? files only takes a few dozen kilobytes for "
"<emphasis role=\"distribution\">Unstable</emphasis>, so that the amount of "
"data downloaded by a weekly <command>aptitude update</command> is often "
"divided by 10. For distributions like <emphasis role=\"distribution"
"\">Stable</emphasis> and <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Testing</emphasis>, "
"which change less, the gain is even more noticeable."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"However, it can sometimes be of interest to force the download of the entire "
"<filename>Packages.bz2</filename> file, especially when the last upgrade is "
"very old and when the mechanism of incremental differences would not "
"contribute much. This can also be interesting when network access is very "
"fast but when the processor of the machine to upgrade is rather slow, since "
"the time saved on the download is more than lost when the computer "
"calculates the new versions of these files (starting with the older versions "
"and applying the downloaded differences). To do that, you can use the "
"configuration parameter <literal>Acquire::Pdiffs</literal> and set it to "
"<literal>false</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<command>aptitude</command> will generally select the most recent version "
"number (except for <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Experimental</emphasis> "
"packages, which are ignored by default whatever their version number). If "
"you specified <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Testing</emphasis> or "
"<emphasis role=\"distribution\">Unstable</emphasis> in your "
"<filename>sources.list</filename>, <command>aptitude safe-upgrade</command> "
"will switch most of your <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Stable</emphasis> "
"system to <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Testing</emphasis> or <emphasis "
"role=\"distribution\">Unstable</emphasis>, which might not be what you "
"intended."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To tell <command>aptitude</command> to use a specific distribution when "
"searching for upgraded packages, you need to use the option <literal>-t</"
"literal> or <literal>--target-release</literal>, followed by the name of the "
"distribution you want (for example: <command>aptitude -t stable safe-"
"upgrade</command>). To avoid specifying this option every time you use "
"<command>aptitude</command>, you can add <literal>APT::Default-Release "
"\"stable\";</literal> in the file <filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/local</"
"filename>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><command>apt-get upgrade</command></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><command>aptitude safe-upgrade</command></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"For more important upgrades, such as the change from one major Debian "
"versionto the next, you need to use <command>aptitude full-upgrade</command> "
"(the option used to be named <literal>dist-upgrade</literal>, for "
"â??distribution upgradeâ??). With this instruction, <command>aptitude</command> "
"will complete the upgrade even if it has to remove some obsolete packages or "
"install new dependencies. This is also the command used by users who work "
"daily with the Debian <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Unstable</emphasis> "
"release and follow its evolution day by day. It is so simple that it hardly "
"needs explanation: APT's reputation is based on this great functionality."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<command>aptitude dist-upgrade</command> is still available as a synonym for "
"<command>aptitude full-upgrade</command>; <command>apt-get</command> only "
"recognizes the former."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><command>apt-get dist-upgrade</command></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><command>aptitude dist-upgrade</command></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><command>aptitude full-upgrade</command></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Configuration Options"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>APT</primary><secondary>configuration</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><filename>apt.conf.d/</filename></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/</filename></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Besides the configuration elements already mentioned, it is possible to "
"configure certain aspects of APT by adding directives in a file of the "
"<filename>/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/</filename> directory. Remember for instance "
"that it is possible for APT to tell <command>dpkg</command> to ignore file "
"conflict errors by specifying <literal>DPkg::Options { \"--force-overwrite"
"\"; }</literal>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If the Web can only be accessed through a proxy, add a line like "
"<literal>Acquire::http::proxy \"http://<replaceable>yourproxy</"
"replaceable>:3128\"</literal>. For an FTP proxy, write <literal>Acquire::"
"ftp::proxy \"ftp://<replaceable>yourproxy</replaceable>\"</literal>. To "
"discover more configuration options, read the "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> manual page with the command <command>man apt."
"conf</command> (for details on manual pages, see next chapter)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<emphasis>BACK TO BASICS</emphasis> Directories ending in <filename>.d</"
"filename>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><filename>.d</filename></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Directories with a <filename>.d</filename> suffix are used more and more "
"often. Each directory represents a configuration file which is split over "
"multiple files. In this sense, all of the files in <filename>/etc/apt/apt."
"conf.d/</filename> are instructions for the configuration of APT. APT "
"includes them in alphabetical order, so that the last ones can modify a "
"configuration element defined in one of the first ones."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This structure brings some flexibility to the machine administrator and to "
"the package maintainers. Indeed, the administrator can easily modify the "
"configuration of the software by adding a ready-made file in the directory "
"in question without having to change an existing file. Package maintainers "
"use the same approach when they need to adapt the configuration of another "
"software to ensure that it perfectly co-exists with theirs. However, the "
"Debian policy explicitly forbids modifying configuration files of other "
"packages â?? only users are allowed to do this. Remember that during a package "
"upgrade, the user gets to choose the version of the configuration file that "
"should be kept when a modification has been detected. Any external "
"modification of the file would trigger that request, which would disturb the "
"administrator, who is sure not to have changed anything."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Without a <filename>.d</filename> directory, it is impossible for an "
"external package to change the settings of a program without modifying its "
"configuration file. Instead it must invite the user to do it himself and "
"lists the operations to be done in the file <filename>/usr/share/doc/"
"<replaceable>package</replaceable>/README.Debian</filename>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Depending on the application, the <filename>.d</filename> directory is used "
"directly or managed by an external script which will concatenate all the "
"files to create the configuration file itself. It is important to execute "
"the script after any change in that directory so that the most recent "
"modifications are taken into account. In the same way, it is important not "
"to work directly in the configuration file created automatically, since "
"everything would be lost at the next execution of the script. Choosing one "
"method (<filename>.d</filename> directory used directly or a file generated "
"from that directory) is usually imposed by implementation constraints, but "
"in both cases the gains in terms of configuration flexibility more than make "
"up for the small complications that they entail. The Exim 4 mail server is "
"an example of the generated file method: it can be configured through "
"several files (<filename>/etc/exim4/conf.d/*</filename>) which are "
"concatenated into <filename>/var/lib/exim4/config.autogenerated</filename> "
"by the <command>update-exim4.conf</command> command."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Managing Package Priorities"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"One of the most important aspects in the configuration of APT is the "
"management of the priorities associated with each package source. For "
"instance, you might want to extend one distribution with one or two newer "
"packages from <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Testing</emphasis>, <emphasis "
"role=\"distribution\">Unstable</emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"distribution"
"\">Experimental</emphasis>. It is possible to assign a priority to each "
"available package (the same package can have several priorities depending on "
"its version or the distribution providing it). These priorities will "
"influence APT's behavior: for each package, it will always select the "
"version with the highest priority (except if this version is older than the "
"installed one and if its priority is less than 1000)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<primary>APT</primary><secondary><foreignphrase>pinning</foreignphrase></"
"secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>package</primary><secondary>priority</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>APT</primary><secondary>preferences</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><filename>preferences</filename></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"APT defines several default priorities. Each installed package version has a "
"priority of 100. A non-installed version has a priority of 500 by default, "
"but it can jump to 990 if it is part of the target release (defined with the "
"<literal>-t</literal> command-line option or the <literal>APT::Target-"
"Release</literal> configuration directive)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You can modify the priorities by adding entries in the file <filename>/etc/"
"apt/preferences</filename> with the names of the affected packages, their "
"version, their origin and their new priority."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"APT will never install an older version of a package (that is, a package "
"whose version number is lower than the one of the currently installed "
"package) except if its priority is higher than 1000. APT will always install "
"the highest priority package which follows this constraint. If two packages "
"have the same priority, APT installs the newest one (whose version number is "
"the highest). If two packages of same version have the same priority but "
"differ in their content, APT installs the version that is not installed "
"(this rule has been created to cover the case of a package update without "
"the increment of the revision number, which is usually required)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In more concrete terms, a package whose priority is less than 0 will never "
"be installed. A package with a priority ranging between 0 and 100 will only "
"be installed if no other version of the package is already installed. With a "
"priority between 100 and 500, the package will only be installed if there is "
"no other newer version installed or available in another distribution. A "
"package of priority between 500 and 990 will only be installed if there is "
"no newer version installed or available in the target distribution. With a "
"priority between 990 and 1000, the package will be installed except if the "
"installed version is newer. A priority greater than 1000 will always lead to "
"the installation of the package even if it forces APT to downgrade to an "
"older version."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"When APT checks <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename>, it first takes "
"into account the most specific entries (often those specifying the concerned "
"package), then the more generic ones (including for example all the packages "
"of a distribution). If several generic entries exist, the first match is "
"used. The available selection criteria include the package's name and the "
"source providing it. Every package source is identified by the information "
"contained in a <filename>Release</filename> file that APT downloads together "
"with the <filename>Packages.gz</filename> files. It specifies the origin "
"(usually â??Debianâ?? for the packages of official mirrors, but it can also be a "
"person's or an organization's name for third-parties repositories). It also "
"gives the name of the distribution (usually <emphasis role=\"distribution"
"\">Stable</emphasis>, <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Testing</emphasis>, "
"<emphasis role=\"distribution\">Unstable</emphasis> or <emphasis role="
"\"distribution\">Experimental</emphasis> for the standard distributions "
"provided by Debian) together with its version (for example 5.0 for Debian "
"<emphasis role=\"distribution\">Lenny</emphasis>). Let's have a look at its "
"syntax through some realistic case studies of this mechanism."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<emphasis>SPECIFIC CASE</emphasis> Priority of <emphasis role=\"distribution"
"\">experimental</emphasis>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"If you listed <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Experimental</emphasis> in "
"your <filename>sources.list</filename> file, the corresponding packages will "
"almost never be installed because their default APT priority is 1. This is "
"of course a specific case, designed to keep users from installing <emphasis "
"role=\"distribution\">Experimental</emphasis> packages by mistake. The "
"packages can only be installed by typing <command>aptitude install "
"<replaceable>package</replaceable>/experimental</command> â?? users typing "
"this command can only be aware of the risks that they take. It is still "
"possible (though <emphasis>not</emphasis> recommended) to treat packages of "
"<emphasis role=\"distribution\">Experimental</emphasis> like those of other "
"distributions by giving them a priority of 500. This is done with a specific "
"entry in <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename>:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=experimental\n"
"Pin-Priority: 500\n"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Let's suppose that you only want to use packages from the stable version of "
"Debian. Those provided in other versions should not be installed except if "
"explicitly requested. You could write the following entries in the "
"<filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename> file:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=stable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 900\n"
"\n"
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release o=Debian\n"
"Pin-Priority: -10\n"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<literal>a=stable</literal> defines the name of the selected distribution. "
"<literal>o=Debian</literal> limits the scope to packages whose origin is "
"â??Debianâ??."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Let's now assume that you have a server with several local programs "
"depending on the version 5.10 of Perl and that you want to ensure that "
"upgrades will not install another version of it. You could use this entry:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Package: perl\n"
"Pin: version 5.10*\n"
"Pin-Priority: 1001\n"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The reference documentation for this configuration file is available in the "
"manual page <citerefentry><refentrytitle>apt_preferences</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, which you can display "
"with <command>man apt_preferences</command>."
msgstr "La documentación de referencia para este fichero de configuración "

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<emphasis>TIP</emphasis> Comments in <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</"
"filename>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><literal>Explanation</literal></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><literal>Pin</literal></primary>"
msgstr "<primary><literal>Pin</literal></primary>"

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><literal>Pin-Priority</literal></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"There is no official syntax to put comments in the <filename>/etc/apt/"
"preferences</filename> file, but some textual descriptions can be provided "
"by putting one or more â??<literal>Explanation</literal>â?? fields at the start "
"of each entry:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Explanation: The package xserver-xorg-video-intel provided\n"
"Explanation: in experimental can be used safely\n"
"Package: xserver-xorg-video-intel\n"
"Pin: release a=experimental\n"
"Pin-Priority: 500\n"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Working with Several Distributions"
msgstr "Trabajar con Varias Distribuciones"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<command>aptitude</command> being such a marvelous tool, it is tempting to "
"pick packages coming from other distributions. For example, after having "
"installed a <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Stable</emphasis> system, you "
"might want to try out a software available in <emphasis role=\"distribution"
"\">Testing</emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Unstable</emphasis> "
"without diverging too much from the system's initial state."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Even if you will occasionnaly encounter problems while mixing packages from "
"different distributions, <command>aptitude</command> manages such "
"coexistence very well and limits risks very effectively. The best way to "
"proceed is to list all distributions used in <filename>/etc/apt/sources."
"list</filename> (some people always put the three distributions, but "
"remember that <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Unstable</emphasis> is "
"reserved for experienced users) and to define your reference distribution "
"with the <literal>APT::Default-Release</literal> parameter (see <xref "
"linkend=\"section.apt-mise-a-jour\" />)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Let's suppose that <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Stable</emphasis> is your "
"reference distribution but that <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Testing</"
"emphasis> and <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Unstable</emphasis> are also "
"listed in your <filename>sources.list</filename> file. In this case, you can "
"use <command>aptitude install <replaceable>package</replaceable>/testing</"
"command> to install a package from <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Testing</"
"emphasis>. If the installation fails due to some unsatisfiable dependencies, "
"let it solve those dependencies within <emphasis role=\"distribution"
"\">Testing</emphasis> by adding the <literal>-t testing</literal> parameter. "
"The same obviously applies to <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Unstable</"
"emphasis>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In this situation, upgrades (<command>safe-upgrade</command> and "
"<command>dist-upgrade</command>) are done within <emphasis role="
"\"distribution\">Stable</emphasis> except for packages already upgraded to "
"an other distribution: those will follow updates available in the other "
"distributions. We'll explain this behavior with the help of the default "
"priorities set by APT below. Do not hesitate to use <command>apt-cache "
"policy</command> (see sidebar) to verify the given priorities."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Everything centers around the fact that APT only considers packages of "
"higher or equal version than the installed one (assuming that <filename>/etc/"
"apt/preferencs</filename> has not been used to force priorities higher "
"than 1000 for some packages)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>TIP</emphasis> <command>apt-cache policy</command>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To gain a better understanding of the mechanism of priority, do not hesitate "
"to execute <command>apt-cache policy</command> to display the default "
"priority associated with each package source. You can also use <command>apt-"
"cache policy <replaceable>package</replaceable></command> to display the "
"priorities of all available versions of a given package."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Let's assume that you have installed version 1 of a first package from "
"<emphasis role=\"distribution\">Stable</emphasis> and that version 2 and 3 "
"are available respectively in <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Testing</"
"emphasis> and <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Unstable</emphasis>. The "
"installed version has a priority of 100 but the version available in "
"<emphasis role=\"distribution\">Stable</emphasis> (the very same) has a "
"priority of 990 (because it is part of the target release). Packages in "
"<emphasis role=\"distribution\">Testing</emphasis> and <emphasis role="
"\"distribution\">Unstable</emphasis> have a priority of 500 (the default "
"priority of a non-installed version). The winner is thus version 1 with a "
"priority of 990. The package â??stays in <emphasis role=\"distribution"
"\">Stable</emphasis>â??."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Let's take the example of another package whose version 2 has been installed "
"from <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Testing</emphasis>. Version 1 is "
"available in <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Stable</emphasis> and version 3 "
"in <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Unstable</emphasis>. Version 1 (of "
"priority 990 â?? thus lower than 1000) is discarded because it is lower than "
"the installed version. This only leaves version 2 and 3, both of "
"priority 500. Faced with this alternative, APT selects the newest version, "
"the one from <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Unstable</emphasis>.If you "
"don't want a package installed from <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Testing</"
"emphasis> to migrate to <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Unstable</emphasis>, "
"you have to assign a priority lower than 500 (490 for example) to packages "
"coming from <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Unstable</emphasis>. You can "
"modify <filename>/etc/apt/preferences</filename> to this effect:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: programlisting
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Package: *\n"
"Pin: release a=unstable\n"
"Pin-Priority: 490\n"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "The <command>apt-cache</command> Command"
msgstr "El comando <command>apt-cache</command>"

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><command>apt-cache</command></primary>"
msgstr "<primary><command>apt-cache</command></primary>"

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>APT</primary><secondary>package search</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>APT</primary><secondary>header display</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>search of packages</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>package</primary><secondary>search</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <command>apt-cache</command> command can display much of the information "
"stored in APT's internal database. This information is a sort of cache since "
"it is gathered from the different sources listed in the <filename>sources."
"list</filename> file. This happens during the <command>aptitude update</"
"command> operation."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>VOCABULARY</emphasis> Cache"
msgstr "<emphasis>VOCABULARIO</emphasis> Caché"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"A cache is a temporary storage system used to speed up frequent data access "
"when the usual access method is expensive (performance-wise). This concept "
"can be applied in numerous situations and at different scales, from the core "
"of microprocessors up to high-end storage systems."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In the case of APT, the reference <filename>Packages</filename> files are "
"those located on Debian mirrors. That said, it would be very ineffective to "
"go through the network for every search that we might want to do in the "
"database of available packages. That is why APT stores a copy of those files "
"(in <filename>/var/lib/apt/lists/</filename>) and searches are done within "
"those local files. Similarly, <filename>/var/cache/apt/archives/</filename> "
"contains a cache of already downloaded packages to avoid downloading them "
"again if you need to reinstall them after a removal."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The <command>apt-cache</command> command can do keyword-based package "
"searches with <command>apt-cache search <replaceable>keyword</replaceable></"
"command>. It can also display the headers of the package's available "
"versions with <command>apt-cache show <replaceable>package</replaceable></"
"command>. This command provides the package's description, its dependencies, "
"the name of its maintainer, etc. Note that <command>aptitude search</"
"command> and <command>aptitude show</command> work in the same way. "
"<indexterm><primary><command>apt-cache show</command></primary></"
"indexterm><indexterm><primary><command>apt-cache search</command></primary></"
"indexterm><indexterm><primary><command>aptitude show</command></primary></"
"indexterm><indexterm><primary><command>aptitude search</command></primary></"
"indexterm>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Some features are more rarely used. For instance, <command>apt-cache policy</"
"command> displays the priorities of package sources as well as those of "
"individual packages. Another example is <command>apt-cache dumpavail</"
"command> which displays the headers of all available versions of all "
"packages. <command>apt-cache pkgnames</command> displays the list of all the "
"packages which appear at least once in the cache."
"<indexterm><primary><command>apt-cache policy</command></primary></"
"indexterm><indexterm><primary><command>apt-cache dumpavail</command></"
"primary></indexterm>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Frontends: <command>aptitude</command>, <command>synaptic</command>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><command>synaptic</command></primary>"
msgstr "<primary><command>synaptic</command></primary>"

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>APT</primary><secondary>interfaces</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"APT is a C++ program whose code mainly resides in the <command>libapt-pkg</"
"command> shared library. Using a shared library facilitates the creation of "
"user interfaces (front-ends), since the code contained in the library can "
"easily be reused. Historically, <command>apt-get</command> was only designed "
"as a test front-end for <command>libapt-pkg</command> but its success tends "
"to obscure this fact."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<command>aptitude</command>"
msgstr "<command>aptitude</command>"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<command>aptitude</command> is an interactive program that can be used in "
"semi-graphical mode on the console. You can browse the list of installed and "
"available packages, look up all the available information, and select "
"packages to install or remove. The program is designed specifically to be "
"used by administrators, so that its default behaviors are much more "
"intelligent than <command>apt-get</command>'s, and its interface much easier "
"to understand."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "The <command>aptitude</command> package manager"
msgstr "El gestor de paquetes <command>aptitude</command>"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"When it starts, <command>aptitude</command> shows a list of packages sorted "
"by state (installed, non-installed, or installed but not available on the "
"mirrors â?? other sections display tasks, virtual packages, and new packages "
"that appeared recently on mirrors). To facilitate thematic browsing, other "
"views are available. In all cases, <command>aptitude</command> displays a "
"list combining categories and packages on the screen. Categories are "
"organized through a tree structure, whose branches can respectively be "
"unfolded or closed with the <keycombo><keycap>Enter</keycap></keycombo>, "
"<keycombo><keycap>[</keycap></keycombo> and <keycombo><keycap>]</keycap></"
"keycombo> keys. <keycombo><keycap>+</keycap></keycombo> should be used to "
"mark a package for installation, <keycombo><keycap>-</keycap></keycombo> to "
"mark it for removal and <keycombo><keycap>_</keycap></keycombo> to purge it "
"(note than these keys can also be used for categories, in which case the "
"corresponding actions will be applied to all the packages of the category). "
"<keycombo><keycap>u</keycap></keycombo> updates the lists of available "
"packages and <keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Shift</keycap><keycap>u</"
"keycap></keycombo> prepares a global system upgrade. <keycombo><keycap>g</"
"keycap></keycombo> switches to a summary view of the requested changes (and "
"typing <keycombo><keycap>g</keycap></keycombo> again will apply the "
"changes), and <keycombo><keycap>q</keycap></keycombo> quits the current "
"view. If you are in the initial view, this will effectively close "
"<command>aptitude</command>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>DOCUMENTATION</emphasis> <command>aptitude</command>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This section does not cover the finer details of using <command>aptitude</"
"command>, it rather focuses on giving you a survival kit to use it. "
"<command>aptitude</command> is rather well documented and we advise you to "
"use its complete manual available in the <emphasis role=\"pkg\">aptitude-doc-"
"en</emphasis> package. <ulink type=\"block\" url=\"file:///usr/share/doc/"
"aptitude/html/en/index.html\" />"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To search for a package, you can type <keycombo><keycap>/</keycap></"
"keycombo> followed by a search pattern. This pattern matches the name of the "
"package, but can also be applied to the description (if preceded by "
"<literal>~d</literal>), to the section (with <literal>~s</literal>) or to "
"other characteristics detailed in the documentation. The same patterns can "
"filter the list of displayed packages: type the <keycombo><keycap>l</"
"keycap></keycombo> key (as in <foreignphrase>limit</foreignphrase>) and "
"enter the pattern."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Tracking Automatically Installed Packages"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"One of the essential functionnalities of <command>aptitude</command> (which "
"has also been integrated to <command>apt-get</command> since <emphasis role="
"\"distribution\">Lenny</emphasis>) is the tracking of packages installed "
"only through dependencies. These packages are called â??automaticâ?? and are "
"tagged with an â??Aâ?? in the list of packages â?? they often include libraries "
"for instance. When a package is removed, the corresponding automatic "
"packages are also selected for removal unless another â??manually installedâ?? "
"package depends on them. It is possible to mark a package as automatic (with "
"<keycombo action=\"simul\"><keycap>Shift</keycap> <keycap>m</keycap></"
"keycombo>) or to remove the mark (<keycombo><keycap>m</keycap></keycombo> "
"key). When maintaining a system with <command>aptitude</command>, it is a "
"good habit to mark as automatic any package that you don't need directly so "
"that they are automatically removed when they aren't necessary anymore. You "
"can either navigate the list of installed packages and play with <keycombo "
"action=\"simul\"><keycap>Shift</keycap> <keycap>m</keycap></keycombo>, or "
"apply the flag to entire sections (for example the <literal>libs</literal> "
"section). This habit can help you to keep your system tidy and offers a "
"simple way to visualize the packages in use on a machine, without all the "
"libraries and dependencies that you don't really care about. The related "
"pattern that can be used with <keycombo><keycap>l</keycap></keycombo> (to "
"activate the filter mode) is <literal>~i!~M</literal>. It specifies that you "
"only want to see installed packages (<literal>~i</literal>) not marked as "
"automatic (<literal>!~M</literal>)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"People might want to know why an automatically installed package is present "
"on the system. To get this information from the command-line, you can use "
"<command>aptitude why <replaceable>package</replaceable></command>:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<computeroutput>$ </computeroutput><userinput> aptitude why python-debian</"
"userinput>\n"
"<computeroutput>i   aptitude         Recommends apt-xapian-index         \n"
"i A apt-xapian-index Depends    python-debian (&gt;= 0.1.15)</"
"computeroutput>\n"
"      "
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><command>aptitude why</command></primary>"
msgstr "<primary><command>aptitude why</command></primary>"

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<emphasis>WORTH FOLLOWING</emphasis> Recent evolutions of <command>apt-get</"
"command> and <command>aptitude</command>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Some of the advantages that <command>aptitude</command> historically had "
"over <command>apt-get</command> have recently disappeared. For instance, "
"since the release of <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Lenny</emphasis>, "
"<command>apt-get</command> memorizes the packages that have been installed "
"only to satisfy dependencies, just like <command>aptitude</command> has "
"always done. It can also follow recommendations expressed by one package on "
"another."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Among the recent evolutions of <command>aptitude</command>, a new version "
"with a graphical interface is currently being developed. Even if it's "
"available in <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Squeeze</emphasis> (in the "
"separate <emphasis role=\"pkg\">aptitude-gtk</emphasis> package), it's not "
"complete yet and is subject to stability issues."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<emphasis>TOOL</emphasis> Using <command>aptitude</command> on the command-"
"line interface"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Most of <command>aptitude</command>'s features are accessible via the "
"interactive interface as well as via command-lines. These command-lines will "
"seem familiar to regular users of <command>apt-get</command> and "
"<command>apt-cache</command>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The advanced features of <command>aptitude</command> are also available on "
"the command-line. You can use the same package search patterns as in the "
"interactive version. For example, if you want to run the previously "
"suggested cleanup of â??automaticâ?? packages, and if you know that none of the "
"locally installed programs require any particular libraries or Perl modules, "
"you can mark the corresponding packages as automatic with a single command:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>aptitude markauto '~slibs|"
"~sperl'</userinput>\n"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Here, you can clearly see the power of the search pattern system of "
"<command>aptitude</command>, which enables the instant selection of all the "
"packages in the <literal>libs</literal> and <literal>perl</literal> sections."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Beware, if some packages are marked as automatic and if no other package "
"depends on them, they will be removed immediately (after a confirmation "
"request)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<emphasis>ALTERNATIVE</emphasis> <command>deborphan</command> and "
"<command>debfoster</command>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Before <command>aptitude</command> came to life with its tracking of "
"automatic packages, there were two utilities producing lists of unnecessary "
"packages: <command>deborphan</command> and <command>debfoster</command>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<command>deborphan</command> is the most rudimentary of both. It simply "
"scans the <literal>libs</literal> and <literal>oldlibs</literal> sections "
"(in the absence of supplementary instructions) looking for the packages that "
"are currently installed and that no other packages depends on. The resulting "
"list can then serve as a basis to remove unneeded packages."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<command>debfoster</command> has a more elaborate approach, very similar to "
"<command>aptitude</command>'s: it maintains a list of packages that have "
"been explicitly installed, and remembers what packages are really required "
"between each invocation. If new packages appear on the system and if "
"<command>debfoster</command> doesn't know them as required packages, they "
"will be shown on the screen together with a list of their dependencies. The "
"program then offers a choice: remove the package (possibly together with "
"those that depend on it), mark it as explicitly required, or ignore it "
"temporarily."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Managing Recommendations, Suggestions and Tasks"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Another interesting feature of <command>aptitude</command> is the fact that "
"it respects recommendations between packages while still giving users the "
"choice not to install them on a case by case basis. For example, the "
"<emphasis role=\"pkg\">gnome-desktop-environment</emphasis> package "
"recommends <emphasis role=\"pkg\">gnome-accessibility</emphasis> (among "
"others). When you select the former for installation, the latter will also "
"be selected (and marked as automatic if not already installed on the "
"system). Typing <keycombo><keycap>g</keycap></keycombo> will make it "
"obvious: <emphasis role=\"pkg\">gnome-accessibility</emphasis> appears on "
"the summary screen of pending actions in the list of packages installed "
"automatically to satisfy dependencies. However, you can decide not to "
"install it by deselecting it before confirming the operations."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Note that this recommendation tracking feature does not apply to upgrades. "
"For instance, if a new version of <emphasis role=\"pkg\">gnome-desktop-"
"environment</emphasis> recommends a package that it did not recommend "
"formerly, the package won't be marked for installation. However, it will be "
"listed on the upgrade screen so that the administrator can still select it "
"for installaion."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Suggestions between packages are also taken into account, but in a manner "
"adapted to their specific status. For example, since <emphasis role=\"pkg"
"\">gnome-desktop-environment</emphasis> suggests <emphasis role=\"pkg"
"\">gnome-audio</emphasis>, the latter will be displayed on the summary "
"screen of pending actions (in the section of packages suggested by other "
"packages). This way, it is visible and the administrator can decide whether "
"to take the suggestion into account or not. Since it is only a suggestion "
"and not a dependency or a recommendation, the package will not be selected "
"automatically â?? its selection requires a manual intervention from the user "
"(thus, the package will not be marked as automatic)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In the same spirit, remember that <command>aptitude</command> makes "
"intelligent use of the concept of task. Since tasks are displayed as "
"categories in the screens of package lists, you can either select a full "
"task for installation or removal, or browse the list of packages included in "
"the task to select a smaller subset."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Better Solver Algorithms"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To conclude this section, let's note that <command>aptitude</command> has "
"more elaborate algorithms compared to <command>apt-get</command> when it "
"comes to resolving difficult situations. When a set of actions is requested "
"and when these combined actions would lead to an incoherent system, "
"<command>aptitude</command> evaluates several possible scenarios and "
"presents them in order of decreasing relevance. However, these algorithms "
"are not failproof. Fortunately there is always the possibility to manually "
"select the actions to perform. When the currently selected actions lead to "
"contradictions, the upper part of the screen indicates a number of â??brokenâ?? "
"packages (and you can directly navigate to those packages by pressing "
"<keycombo><keycap>b</keycap></keycombo>). It is then possible to manually "
"build a solution for the problems found. In particular, you can get access "
"to the different available versions by simply selecting the package with "
"<keycombo><keycap>Enter</keycap></keycombo>. If the selection of one of "
"these versions solves the problem, you should not hesitate to use the "
"function. When the number of broken packages gets down to zero, you can "
"safely go the summary screen of pending actions for a last check before you "
"apply them."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>NOTE</emphasis> <command>aptitude</command>'s log"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Like <command>dpkg</command>, <command>aptitude</command> keeps a trace of "
"executed actions in its logfile (<filename>/var/log/aptitude</filename>). "
"However, since both commands work at a very different level, you cannot find "
"the same information in their respective logfiles. While <command>dpkg</"
"command> logs all the operations executed on individual packages step by "
"step, <command>aptitude</command> gives a broader view of high-level "
"operations like a system-wide upgrade."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Beware, this logfile only contains a summary of operations performed by "
"<command>aptitude</command>. If other front-ends (or even <command>dpkg</"
"command> itself) are occasionaly used, then <command>aptitude</command>'s "
"log will only contain a partial view of the operations, so you can't rely on "
"it to build a trustworthy history of the system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<command>synaptic</command>"
msgstr "<command>synaptic</command>"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<command>synaptic</command> is a graphical package manager for Debian which "
"features a clean and efficient graphical interface based on GTK+/GNOME. Its "
"many ready-to-use filters give fast access to newly available packages, "
"installed packages, upgradable packages, obsolete packages and so on. If you "
"browse through these lists, you can select the operations to be done on the "
"packages (install, upgrade, remove, purge); these operations are not "
"performed immediately, but put into a task list. A single click on a button "
"then validates the operations, and they are performed in one go."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<command>synaptic</command> package manager"
msgstr "gestor de paquetes <command>synaptic</command>"

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Checking Package Authenticity"
msgstr "Comprobar la Autenticidad del Paquete"

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>package</primary><secondary>authenticity check</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>package</primary><secondary>seal</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>pacakage</primary><secondary>signature</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>signature</primary><secondary>of a package</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Security is very important for Falcot Corp administrators. Accordingly, they "
"need to ensure that they only install packages which are guaranteed to come "
"from Debian with no tampering on the way. A computer cracker could try to "
"add malicious code to an otherwise legitimate package. Such a package, if "
"installed, could do anything the cracker designed it to do, including for "
"instance disclosing passwords or confidential information. To circumvent "
"this risk, Debian provides a tamper-proof seal to guarantee â?? at install "
"time â?? that a package really comes from its official maintainer and hasn't "
"been modified by a third party."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The seal works with a chain of cryptographical hashes and a signature. The "
"signed file is the <filename>Release</filename> file, provided by the Debian "
"mirrors. It contains a list of the <filename>Packages</filename> files "
"(including their compressed forms, <filename>Packages.gz</filename> and "
"<filename>Packages.bz2</filename>, and the incremental versions), along with "
"their MD5, SHA1 and SHA256 hashes, which ensures that the files haven't been "
"tampered with. These <filename>Packages</filename> files contain a list of "
"the Debian packages available on the mirror, along with their hashes, which "
"ensures in turn that the contents of the packages themselves haven't been "
"altered either."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><command>apt-key</command></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The trusted keys are managed with the <command>apt-key</command> command "
"found in the <emphasis role=\"pkg\">apt</emphasis> package. This program "
"maintains a keyring of GnuPG public keys, which are used to verify "
"signatures in the <filename>Release.gpg</filename> files available on the "
"mirrors. It can be used to add new keys manually (when non-official mirrors "
"are needed). Generally however, only the official Debian keys are needed. "
"These keys are automatically kept up-to-date by the <emphasis role=\"pkg"
"\">debian-archive-keyring</emphasis> package (which invokes <command>apt-"
"key</command> when it is installed or upgraded). However, the first "
"installation of this particular package requires caution: even if the "
"package is signed like any other, the signature cannot be verified "
"externally. Cautious administrators should therefore check the fingerprints "
"of imported keys before trusting them to install new packages:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>apt-key fingerprint</"
"userinput>\n"
"<computeroutput>/etc/apt/trusted.gpg\n"
"--------------------\n"
"pub   1024D/F42584E6 2008-04-06 [expires: 2012-05-15]\n"
"    Key fingerprint = 7F5A 4445 4C72 4A65 CBCD  4FB1 4D27 0D06 F425 84E6\n"
"uid                  Lenny Stable Release Key &lt;debian-release@lists."
"debian.org&gt;\n"
"\n"
"pub   4096R/55BE302B 2009-01-27 [expires: 2012-12-31]\n"
"    Key fingerprint = 150C 8614 919D 8446 E01E  83AF 9AA3 8DCD 55BE 302B\n"
"uid                  Debian Archive Automatic Signing Key (5.0/lenny) &lt;"
"ftpmaster@debian.org&gt;\n"
"\n"
"pub   2048R/6D849617 2009-01-24 [expires: 2013-01-23]\n"
"    Key fingerprint = F6CF DE30 6133 3CE2 A43F  DAF0 DFD9 9330 6D84 9617\n"
"uid                  Debian-Volatile Archive Automatic Signing Key (5.0/"
"lenny)\n"
"\n"
"pub   4096R/B98321F9 2010-08-07 [expires: 2017-08-05]\n"
"    Key fingerprint = 0E4E DE2C 7F3E 1FC0 D033  800E 6448 1591 B983 21F9\n"
"uid                  Squeeze Stable Release Key &lt;debian-release@lists."
"debian.org&gt;\n"
"\n"
"pub   4096R/473041FA 2010-08-27 [expires: 2018-03-05]\n"
"    Key fingerprint = 9FED 2BCB DCD2 9CDF 7626  78CB AED4 B06F 4730 41FA\n"
"uid                  Debian Archive Automatic Signing Key (6.0/squeeze) &lt;"
"ftpmaster@debian.org&gt;\n"
"\n"
"</computeroutput>\n"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>IN PRACTICE</emphasis> Adding trusted keys"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary>trusted key</primary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"When a third-party package source is added to the <filename>sources.list</"
"filename> file, APT needs to be told about the corresponding GPG trusted key "
"(otherwise it will keep complaining that it can't ensure the authenticity of "
"the packages coming from that repository). The first step is of course to "
"get the public key. More often than not, the key will be provided as a small "
"text file, which we'll call <filename>key.asc</filename> in the following "
"examples."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To add the key to the trusted keyring, the administrator can run "
"<command>apt-key add &lt; key.asc</command>. Another way is to use the "
"<command>synaptic</command> graphical interface: its â??Authenticationâ?? tab in "
"the <menuchoice><guimenu>Settings</guimenu> <guisubmenu>Repositories</"
"guisubmenu></menuchoice> menu gives the possibility of importing a key from "
"the <filename>key.asc</filename> file."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"For people who would want a dedicated application and more details on the "
"trusted keys, it is possible to use <command>gui-apt-key</command> (in the "
"package of the same name), a small graphical user interface which manages "
"the trusted keyring. <indexterm><primary><emphasis role=\"pkg\">gui-apt-key</"
"emphasis></primary></indexterm>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Once the appropriate keys are in the keyring, APT will check the signatures "
"before any risky operation, so that front-ends will display a warning if "
"asked to install a package whose authenticity can't be ascertained."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Upgrading from One Stable Distribution to the Next"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"One of the best-known features of Debian is its ability to upgrade an "
"installed system from one stable release to the next: <foreignphrase>dist-"
"upgrade</foreignphrase> â?? a well-known phrase â?? has largely contributed to "
"the project's reputation. With a few precautions, upgrading a computer can "
"take as little as a few or a few dozen minutes depending on the download "
"speed from the package repositories."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Recommended Procedure"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Since Debian has quite some time to evolve in-between stable releases, you "
"should read the release notes before upgrading."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>BACK TO BASICS</emphasis> Release notes"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The release notes for an operating system (and, more generally, for any "
"software) are a document giving an overview of the software, with some "
"details concerning the particularities of one version. These documents are "
"generally short compared to the complete documentation, and they usually "
"list the features which have been introduced since the previous version. "
"They also give details on upgrading procedures, warnings for users of "
"previous versions, and sometimes errata."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Release notes are available online: the release notes for the current stable "
"release have a dedicated URL, while older release notes can be found with "
"their codenames: <ulink type=\"block\" url=\"http://www.debian.org/releases/";
"stable/releasenotes\" /> <ulink type=\"block\" url=\"http://www.debian.org/";
"releases/lenny/releasenotes\" />"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In this section, we will focus on upgrading a <emphasis role=\"distribution"
"\">Lenny</emphasis> system to <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Squeeze</"
"emphasis>. This is a major operation on a system; as such, it is never 100% "
"risk-free, and should not be attempted before all important data has been "
"backed up."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Another good habit which makes the upgrade easier (and shorter) is to tidy "
"your installed packages and keep only the ones that are really needed. "
"Helpful tools to do that include <command>aptitude</command>, "
"<command>deborphan</command> and <command>debfoster</command> (see <xref "
"linkend=\"aptitude\" />). For example, you can use the following command:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>deborphan | xargs aptitude "
"remove</userinput>\n"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Now for the upgrading itself. First, you need to change the <filename>/etc/"
"apt/sources.list</filename> file to tell APT to get its packages from "
"<emphasis role=\"distribution\">Squeeze</emphasis> instead of <emphasis role="
"\"distribution\">Lenny</emphasis>. If the file only contains references to "
"<emphasis role=\"distribution\">Stable</emphasis> rather than explicit "
"codenames, the change isn't even required, since <emphasis role="
"\"distribution\">Stable</emphasis> always refers to the latest released "
"version of Debian. In both cases, the database of available packages must be "
"refreshed (with the <command>aptitude update</command> command or the "
"refresh button in <command>synaptic</command>)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Once these new package sources are registered, you need to upgrade the "
"<emphasis role=\"pkg\">aptitude</emphasis> and <emphasis role=\"pkg\">apt</"
"emphasis> packages; their versions in <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Lenny</"
"emphasis> have some limitations that could compromise the automatic upgrade."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Remember to upgrade (or install) the most essential packages listed below, "
"otherwise you might find that your system is unbootable:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"the bootloader <emphasis role=\"pkg\">grub-pc</emphasis> or <emphasis role="
"\"pkg\">grub-legacy</emphasis> (sometimes <emphasis role=\"pkg\">lilo</"
"emphasis>);"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"the tools that build the initial ramdisk (initrd): <emphasis role=\"pkg"
"\">initramfs-tools</emphasis>;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"the standard library: <emphasis role=\"pkg\">libc6</emphasis> or one of its "
"optimized variants such as <emphasis role=\"pkg\">libc6-i686</emphasis>;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"the management system for device files: <emphasis role=\"pkg\">udev</"
"emphasis>;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"last but not least, the kernel: depending on the hardware, the metapackages "
"to use are <emphasis role=\"pkg\">linux-image-486</emphasis>, <emphasis role="
"\"pkg\">linux-image-686</emphasis> or <emphasis role=\"pkg\">linux-image-686-"
"bigmem</emphasis>. These packages will only work for the i386 architecture; "
"owners of computers based on different hardware will use other packages, "
"most likely <emphasis role=\"pkg\">linux-image-2.6-amd64</emphasis> for "
"AMD64 or <emphasis role=\"pkg\">linux-image-powerpc*</emphasis> for PowerPC)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Once these first steps are done, it is time to handle the upgrade itself, "
"either with <command>aptitude</command> or <command>synaptic</command>. You "
"should carefully check the suggested actions before applying them: you might "
"want to add suggested packages or deselect packages which are only "
"recommended and known not to be useful. In any case, the front-end should "
"come up with a scenario ending in a coherent and up-to-date <emphasis role="
"\"distribution\">Squeeze</emphasis> system. Then, all you need is to do is "
"wait while the required packages are downloaded, answer the Debconf "
"questions and possibly those about locally modified configuration files, and "
"sit back while APT does its magic."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Handling Problems after an Upgrade"
msgstr "Afrontar Problemas tras un Upgrade"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In spite of the Debian maintainers' best efforts, a major system upgrade "
"isn't always as smooth as you could wish. New software versions may be "
"incompatible with previous ones (for instance, their default behavior or "
"their data format may have changed). Also, some bugs may slip through the "
"cracks despite the testing phase which always precedes a Debian release."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To anticipate some of these problems, you can install the <emphasis role="
"\"pkg\">apt-listchanges</emphasis> package, which displays information about "
"possible problems at the beginning of a package upgrade. This information is "
"compiled by the package maintainers and put in <filename>/usr/share/doc/"
"<replaceable>package</replaceable>/NEWS.Debian</filename> files for the "
"benefit of users. Reading these files (possibly through <emphasis role=\"pkg"
"\">apt-listchanges</emphasis>) should help you avoid bad surprises."
msgstr ""
"Para anticiparse a algunos de estos problemas, puede instalar el paquete  "
"<emphasis role=\"pkg\">apt-listchanges</emphasis>, que muestra información "
"acerca de posibles problemas al prinicipio de la actualización del paquete. "
"Esta información es recopilada por el mantenedor del paquete e incorporada "
"en los ficheros <filename>/usr/share/doc/<replaceable>paquete</replaceable>/"
"NEWS.Debian</filename> para el beneficio de los usuarios. Leer estos "
"ficheros  (........... <emphasis role=\"pkg\">apt-listchanges</emphasis>) "
"puede ayudarle a evitar sorpresas desagradables."

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"You might sometimes find that the new version of a software doesn't work at "
"all. This generally happens if the application isn't particularly popular "
"and hasn't been tested enough; a last-minute update can also introduce "
"regressions which are only found after the stable release. In both cases, "
"the first thing to do is to have a look at the bug tracking system at "
"<literal>http://bugs.debian.org/<replaceable>package</replaceable></"
"literal>, and check whether the problem has already been reported. If it "
"hasn't, you should report it yourself with <command>reportbug</command>. If "
"it is already known, the bug report and the associated messages are usually "
"an excellent source of information related to the bug:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"sometimes a patch already exists, and it is available on the bug report; you "
"can then recompile a fixed version of the broken package locally (see <xref "
"linkend=\"sect.rebuilding-package\" />);"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"in other cases, users may have found a workaround for the problem and shared "
"their insights about it in their replies to the report;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"in yet other cases, a fixed package may have already been prepared and made "
"public by the maintainer."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Depending on the severity of the bug, a new version of the package may be "
"prepared specifically for a new revision of the stable release. When this "
"happens, the fixed package is made available in the <literal>proposed-"
"updates</literal> section of the Debian mirrors (see <xref linkend=\"section."
"proposed-updates\" />). The corresponding entry can then be temporarily "
"added to the <filename>sources.list</filename> file, and updated packages "
"can be installed with <command>apt-get</command> or <command>aptitude</"
"command>."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Sometimes the fixed package isn't available in this section yet because it "
"is pending a validation by the Stable Release Managers. You can verify if "
"that's the case on their web page. Packages listed there aren't available "
"yet, but at least you know that the publication process is ongoing. <ulink "
"type=\"block\" url=\"http://release.debian.org/proposed-updates/stable.html";
"\" />"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Keeping a System Up to Date"
msgstr "Mantener el Sistema Actualizado"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The Debian distribution is dynamic and changes continually. Most of the "
"changes are in the <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Testing</emphasis> and "
"<emphasis role=\"distribution\">Unstable</emphasis> versions, but even "
"<emphasis role=\"distribution\">Stable</emphasis> is updated from time to "
"time, mostly for security-related fixes. Whatever version of Debian a system "
"runs, it is generally a good idea to keep it up to date, so that you can get "
"the benefit of recent evolutions and bug fixes."
msgstr ""
"La distribución Debian es dinámica y cambia continuamente. La mayoría de los "
"cambios tienen lugar en las versiones <emphasis role=\"distribution"
"\">Testing</emphasis> y <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Unstable</emphasis>, "
"pero incluso la <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Estable</emphasis> es "
"actualizada de vez en cuando, principalmente por los .... de relacionados "
"con la seguridad. Independientemente de la versión de Debian que se ejecute "
"en el sistema, generalmente es buena idea mantenerlo actualizado, para poder "
"beneficiarse de las evoluciones y ....."

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"While it is of course possible to periodically run a tool to check for "
"available updates and run the upgrades, such a repetitive task is tedious, "
"especially when it needs to be performed on several machines. Fortunately, "
"like many repetitive tasks, it can be partly automated, and a set of tools "
"have already been developed to that effect."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The first of these tools is <command>apticron</command>, in the package of "
"the same name. Its main effect is to run a script daily (via <command>cron</"
"command>). The script updates the list of available packages, and, if some "
"installed packages are not in the latest available version, it sends an "
"email with a list of these packages along with the changes that have been "
"made in the new versions. Obviously, this package mostly targets users of "
"Debian <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Stable</emphasis>, since the daily "
"emails would be very long for the more mobile versions of Debian. When "
"updates are available, <command>apticron</command> automatically downloads "
"them. It does not install them â?? the administrator will still do it â?? but "
"having the packages already downloaded and available locally (in APT's "
"cache) makes the job faster."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Administrators in charge of several computers will no doubt appreciate being "
"informed of pending upgrades, but the upgrades themselves are still as "
"tedious as they used to be, which is where the <filename>/etc/cron.daily/"
"apt</filename> script (in the <emphasis role=\"pkg\">apt</emphasis> package) "
"comes in handy. This script is also run daily (and non-interactively) by "
"<command>cron</command>. To control its behavior, use APT configuration "
"variables (which are therefore stored in a file under <filename>/etc/apt/apt."
"conf.d/</filename>). The main three variables are:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: term
#, no-c-format
msgid "<literal>APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists</literal>"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This option allows you to specify the frequency (in days) at which the "
"package lists are refreshed. <command>apticron</command> users can do "
"without this variable, since <command>apticron</command> already does this "
"task."
msgstr ""
"Esta opción le permite especificar la frecuencia (en días) con la que la "
"lista de paquetes es refrescado. Los usuarios de <command>apticron</command> "
"pueden hacerlo sin esta variable, ya que <command>apticron</command> se "
"encarga de esta tarea."

#. Tag: term
#, no-c-format
msgid "<literal>APT::Periodic::Download-Upgradeable-Packages</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>APT::Periodic::Download-Upgradeable-Packages</literal>"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Again, this option indicates a frequency (in days), this time for the "
"downloading of the actual packages. Again, <command>apticron</command> users "
"won't need it."
msgstr ""
"De nuevo, esta opción indica la frecuencia (en días), en este caso para "
"descargar los paquetes actuales. Otra vez, los usuarios de "
"<command>apticron</command> no lo necesitarán."

#. Tag: term
#, no-c-format
msgid "<literal>APT::Periodic::AutocleanInterval</literal>"
msgstr "<literal>APT::Periodic::AutocleanInterval</literal>"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"This last option covers a feature that <command>apticron</command> doesn't "
"have. It controls how often obsolete packages (those not referenced by any "
"distribution anymore) are removed from the APT cache. This keeps the APT "
"cache at a reasonable size and means that you don't need to worry about that "
"task."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Other options can allow you to control the cache cleaning behavior with more "
"precision. They are not listed here, but they are described in the "
"<filename>/etc/cron.daily/apt</filename> script."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"These tools work very well for servers, but desktop users generally prefer a "
"more interactive system. That is why the â??Graphical desktop environmentâ?? "
"task installs <command>update-notifier</command> and <command>update-"
"manager</command>. The former displays an icon in the notification area of "
"desktop environments when updates are available; clicking on this icon then "
"runs <command>update-manager</command>, a simplified interface to perform "
"updates. You can browse through available updates, read the description of "
"the relevant packages and their <filename>changelog</filename>, and select "
"whether to apply the update or not on a case-by-case basis. Note that these "
"packages contain configuration data for <filename>/etc/cron.daily/apt</"
"filename> so that it refreshes the lists of available packages and downloads "
"the relevant ones. The <command>update-notifier</command>/<command>update-"
"manager</command> combination is far from having as many features as "
"<command>aptitude</command> and <command>synaptic</command>, since it only "
"handles the upgrades of packages which are already installed; as a "
"consequence, its minimalistic interface leaves little room for mistakes, and "
"therefore little risk of breaking the system."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Upgrading with <command>update-manager</command>"
msgstr "Actualización con <command>update-manager</command>"

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Automatic Upgrades"
msgstr "Actualizaciones Automáticas"

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<primary>upgrade</primary><secondary>automatic (of the system)</secondary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Since Falcot Corp has many computers but only limited manpower, its "
"administrators try to make upgrades as automatic as possible. The programs "
"in charge of these processes must therefore run with no human intervention."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Configuring <command>dpkg</command>"
msgstr "Configuración <command>dpkg</command>"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"As we have already mentioned (see sidebar <xref linkend=\"cadre.questions-"
"conffiles\" />), <command>dpkg</command> can be instructed not to ask for "
"confirmation when replacing a configuration file (with the <literal>--force-"
"confdef --force-confold</literal> options). Interactions can, however, have "
"three other sources: some come from APT itself, some are handled by "
"<command>debconf</command>, and some happen on the command line due to "
"package configuration scripts."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Configuring APT"
msgstr "Configuración APT"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The case of APT is simple: the <literal>-y</literal> option (or <literal>--"
"assume-yes</literal>) tells APT to consider the answer to all its questions "
"to be â??yesâ??."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Configuring <command>debconf</command>"
msgstr "Configuración <command>debconf</command>"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The case of <command>debconf</command> deserves more details. This program "
"was, from its inception, designed to control the relevance and volume of "
"questions displayed to the user, as well as the way they are shown. That is "
"why its configuration requests a minimal priority for questions; only "
"questions above the minimal priority are displayed. <command>debconf</"
"command> assumes the default answer (defined by the package maintainer) for "
"questions which it decided to skip."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The other relevant configuration element is the interface used by the front-"
"end. If you choose <literal>noninteractive</literal> out of the choices, all "
"user interaction is disabled. If a package tries to display an informative "
"note, it will be sent to the administrator by email."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To reconfigure <command>debconf</command>, use the <command>dpkg-"
"reconfigure</command> tool from the <emphasis role=\"pkg\">debconf</"
"emphasis> package; the relevant command is <command>dpkg-reconfigure "
"debconf</command>. Note that the configured values can be temporarily "
"overridden with environment variables when needed (for instance, "
"<varname>DEBIAN_FRONTEND</varname> controls the interface, as documented in "
"the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>debconf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> manual page)."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Handling Command Line Interactions"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The last source of interactions, and the hardest to get rid of, is the "
"configuration scripts run by <command>dpkg</command>. There is unfortunately "
"no standard solution, and no answer is overwhelmingly better than another."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The common approach is to suppress the standard input by redirecting the "
"empty content of <filename>/dev/null</filename> into it with "
"<command><replaceable>command</replaceable> &lt;/dev/null</command>, or to "
"feed it with an endless stream of newlines. None of these methods are 100Â % "
"reliable, but they generally lead to the default answers being used, since "
"most scripts consider a lack of reply as an acceptance of the default value."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "The Miracle Combination"
msgstr "La Combinación Milagrosa"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"By combining the previous elements, it is possible to design a small but "
"rather reliable script which can handle automatic upgrades."
msgstr ""
"Combinando los elementos anteriores, es posible diseñar un pequeño pero "
"confiable script que llevar a cabo actualizaciones automáticas."

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Non-interactive upgrade script"
msgstr "Script de actualización no-interactivo"

#. Tag: programlisting
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive\n"
"yes '' | apt-get -y -o Dpkg::Options::=\"--force-confdef\" -o Dpkg::Options::"
"=\"--force-confold\" dist-upgrade\n"
msgstr ""
"export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive\n"
"yes '' | apt-get -y -o Dpkg::Options::=\"--force-confdef\" -o Dpkg::Options::"
"=\"--force-confold\" dist-upgrade\n"

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>IN PRACTICE</emphasis> The Falcot Corp case"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Falcot computers are a heterogeneous system, with machines having various "
"functions. Administrators will therefore pick the most relevant solution for "
"each computer."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In practice, the servers running <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Squeeze</"
"emphasis> are configured with the â??miracle combinationâ?? above, and are kept "
"up to date automatically. Only the most critical servers (the firewalls, for "
"instances) are set up with <command>apticron</command>, so that upgrades "
"always happen under the supervision of an administrator."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The office workstations in the administrative services also run <emphasis "
"role=\"distribution\">Squeeze</emphasis>, but they are configured with the "
"<command>update-notifier</command>/<command>update-manager</command> "
"combination, so that users trigger the upgrades themselves. The rationale "
"for this decision is that if upgrades happen without an explicit action, the "
"behavior of the computer might change unexpectedly, which could cause "
"confusion for the main users."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"In the lab, the few computers using <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Testing</"
"emphasis> â?? to take advantage of the latest software versions â?? are not "
"upgraded automatically either. Administrators only configure APT to prepare "
"the upgrades but not enact them; when they decide to upgrade (manually), the "
"tedious parts of refreshing package lists and downloading packages will be "
"avoided, and administrators can focus on the really useful part."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "Searching for Packages"
msgstr "Buscar Paquetes"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"With the large and ever-growing amount of software in Debian, there emerges "
"a paradox: Debian usually has a tool for most tasks, but that tool can be "
"very difficult to find amongst the myriad other packages. The lack of "
"appropriate ways to search for (and to find) the right tool has long been a "
"problem. Fortunately, this problem has almost entirely been solved."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The most trivial search possible is looking up an exact package name. If "
"<command>apt-cache show <replaceable>package</replaceable></command> returns "
"a result, then the package exists. Unfortunately, this requires knowing or "
"even guessing the package name, which isn't always possible."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: title
#, no-c-format
msgid "<emphasis>TIP</emphasis> Package naming conventions"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Some categories of packages are named according to a conventional naming "
"scheme; knowing the scheme can sometimes allow you to guess exact package "
"names. For instance, for Perl modules, the convention says that a module "
"called <literal>XML::Handler::Composer</literal> upstream should be packaged "
"as <emphasis role=\"pkg\">libxml-handler-composer-perl</emphasis>. The "
"library enabling the use of the <command>gconf</command> system from Python "
"is packaged as <emphasis role=\"pkg\">python-gconf</emphasis>. It is "
"unfortunately not possible to define a fully general naming scheme for all "
"packages, even though package maintainers usually try to follow the choice "
"of the upstream developers."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"A slightly more successful searching pattern is a plain-text search in "
"package names, but it remains very limited. You can generally find results "
"by searching package descriptions: since each package has a more or less "
"detailed description in addition to its package name, a keyword search in "
"these descriptions will often be useful. <command>apt-cache</command> is the "
"tool of choice for this kind of search; for instance, <command>apt-cache "
"search video</command> will return a list of all packages whose name or "
"description contains the keyword â??videoâ??."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"For more complex searches, a more powerful tool such as <command>aptitude</"
"command> is required. <command>aptitude</command> allows you to search "
"according to a logical expression based on the package's meta-data fields. "
"For instance, the following command searches for packages whose name "
"contains <literal>kino</literal>, whose description contains <literal>video</"
"literal> and whose maintainer's name contains <literal>paul</literal>:"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: screen
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<computeroutput>$ </computeroutput><userinput>aptitude search "
"kino~dvideo~mpaul</userinput>\n"
"<computeroutput>p   kino  - Non-linear editor for Digital Video data\n"
"$ </computeroutput><userinput>aptitude show kino</userinput>\n"
"<computeroutput>Package: kino\n"
"State: not installed\n"
"Version: 1.3.4-1+b1\n"
"Priority: extra\n"
"Section: video\n"
"Maintainer: Paul Brossier &lt;piem@debian.org&gt;\n"
"Uncompressed Size: 9519k\n"
"Depends: libasound2 (&gt; 1.0.18), libatk1.0-0 (&gt;= 1.20.0),\n"
"         libavc1394-0 (&gt;= 0.5.3), libavcodec52 (&gt;= "
"4:0.5+svn20090706-3) |\n"
"         libavcodec-extra-52 (&gt;= 4:0.5+svn20090706-3), libavformat52\n"
"         [â?¦]\n"
"Recommends: ffmpeg, gawk | mawk, curl\n"
"Suggests: udev | hotplug, vorbis-tools, sox, mjpegtools, lame, "
"ffmpeg2theora\n"
"Conflicts: kino-dvtitler, kino-timfx, kinoplus\n"
"Replaces: kino-dvtitler, kino-timfx, kinoplus\n"
"Provides: kino-dvtitler, kino-timfx, kinoplus\n"
"Description: Non-linear editor for Digital Video data\n"
" Kino allows you to record, create, edit, and play movies recorded with\n"
" DV camcorders. This program uses many keyboard commands for fast\n"
" navigating and editing inside the movie.\n"
" \n"
" The kino-timfx, kino-dvtitler and kinoplus sets of plugins, formerly\n"
" distributed as separate packages, are now provided with Kino.\n"
"Homepage:Â http://www.kinodv.org/\n";
"\n"
"Tags: hardware::camera, implemented-in::c, implemented-in::c++,\n"
"      interface::x11, role::program, scope::application,\n"
"      suite::gnome, uitoolkit::gtk, use::editing, \n"
"      works-with::video, x11::application</computeroutput>\n"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"The search only returns one package, <emphasis role=\"pkg\">kino</emphasis>, "
"which satisfies all three criteria."
msgstr ""
"La búsqueda solo devuelve un paquete, <emphasis role=\"pkg\">kino</"
"emphasis>, que satisface los tres criterios."

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Even these multi-criteria searches are rather unwieldy, which explains why "
"they are not used as much as they could. A new tagging system has therefore "
"been developed, and it provides a new approach to searching. Packages are "
"given tags that provide a thematical classification along several strands, "
"known as a â??facet-based classificationâ??. In the case of <emphasis role=\"pkg"
"\">kino</emphasis> above, the package's tags indicate that Kino is a Gnome-"
"based software that works on video data and whose main purpose is editing."
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"Browsing this classification can help you to search for a package which "
"corresponds to known needs; even if it returns a (moderate) number of hits, "
"the rest of the search can be done manually. To do that, you can use the "
"<literal>~G</literal> search pattern in <command>aptitude</command>, but it "
"is probably easier to simply navigate the site where tags are managed: "
"<ulink type=\"block\" url=\"http://debtags.alioth.debian.org/cloud/\"; /> "
"Selecting the <literal>works-with::video</literal> and <literal>use::"
"editing</literal> tags yields a handful of packages, including the <emphasis "
"role=\"pkg\">kino</emphasis> and <emphasis role=\"pkg\">pitivi</emphasis> "
"video editors. This system of classification is bound to be used more and "
"more as time goes on, and package managers will gradually provide efficient "
"search interfaces based on it. <indexterm><primary><emphasis role=\"pkg"
"\">debtags</emphasis></primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>tag</"
"primary></indexterm>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"To sum up, the best tool for the job depends on the complexity of the search "
"that you wish to do:"
msgstr ""
"Resumiendo, la mejor utilidad  para ....depende de la complejidad del la "
"búsqueda que quiera hacer:"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"<command>apt-cache</command> only allows searching in package names and "
"descriptions, which is very convenient when looking for a particular package "
"that matches a few target keywords;"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"when the search criteria also include relationships between packages or "
"other meta-data such as the name of the maintainer, <command>synaptic</"
"command> will be more useful;"
msgstr ""
"cuando el criterio de búsqueda incluye también relaciones entre paquetes u "
"otro meta-dato como por ejemplo el nombre del mantenedor, será más útil "
"<command>synaptic</command>;"

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"when a tag-based search is needed, a good tool is <command>packagesearch</"
"command>, a graphical interface dedicated to searching available packages "
"along several criteria (including the names of the files that they contain);"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: indexterm
#, no-c-format
msgid "<primary><emphasis role=\"pkg\">packagesearch</emphasis></primary>"
msgstr ""

#. Tag: para
#, no-c-format
msgid ""
"finally, when the searches involve complex expressions with logic "
"operations, the tool of choice will be <command>aptitude</command>'s search "
"pattern syntax, which is quite powerful despite being somewhat obscure; it "
"works in both the command-line and the interactive modes."
msgstr ""
"finalmente, cuando la búsqueda implica expresiones complejas con operaciones "
"lógicas, la utilidad a elegir será la sintaxis de patrones de búsqueda de  "
"<command>aptitude</command>, que es bastante potente .....; se puede usar de "
"ambas maneras: por línea de comandos o interactiva."