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appendix/files

sfrutto l'abbrivio, ho cercato di restare coerente con la terminologia
usata negli altri file (tipo "lettore di dischetti")

per riferimenti ai doc (vedi 3-button mouse howto) come vi comportate?
link esterno a ildp o link interno che potrebbe non funzionare in caso
non siano installati i pacchetti dei doc localizzati?

<!-- retain these comments for translator revision tracking -->
<!-- original version: 18647 untranslated -->


 <sect1 id="linuxdevices"><!-- <title>Linux Devices</title> -->
<title>I device linux</title>
<para>

<!-- In Linux you have various special files in
<filename>/dev</filename>. These files are called devices files. In
the Unix world accessing hardware is different.  There you have a
special file which actually runs a driver which in turn accesses the
hardware. The device file is an interface to the actual system
component. Files under <filename>/dev</filename> also behave
differently than ordinary files. Below are the most important device
files listed. -->

In Linux sotto <filename>/dev</filename> sono presenti diversi file
speciali, chiamati file di device. Nel mondo Unix, l'accesso alle
periferiche è differente: c'è un file speciale che in realtà esegue
un driver che a sua volta accede all'hardware. Il file di device è
un'interfaccia verso il componente reale del sistema. Inoltre i file
sotto <filename>/dev</filename> si comportano in modo diverso dai file
ordinari. Segue un elenco dei file di device più significativi.

</para><para>

<!-- <informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
<row>
  <entry><filename>fd0</filename></entry>
  <entry>First Floppy Drive</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>fd1</filename></entry>
  <entry>Second Floppy Drive</entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
<row>
  <entry><filename>hda</filename></entry>
  <entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the first IDE port (Master)</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>hdb</filename></entry>
  <entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the first IDE port (Slave)</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>hdc</filename></entry>
  <entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the second IDE port (Master)</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>hdd</filename></entry>
  <entry>IDE Hard disk / CD-ROM on the second IDE port (Slave)</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>hda1</filename></entry>
  <entry>First partition of the first IDE hard disk</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>hdd15</filename></entry>
  <entry>Fifteenth partition of the fourth IDE hard disk</entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
<row>
  <entry><filename>sda</filename></entry>
  <entry>SCSI Hard disk with lowest SCSI ID (e.g. 0)</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>sdb</filename></entry>
  <entry>SCSI Hard disk with next higher SCSI ID (e.g. 1)</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>sdc</filename></entry>
  <entry>SCSI Hard disk with next higher SCSI ID (e.g. 2)</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>sda1</filename></entry>
  <entry>First partition of the first SCSI hard disk</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>sdd10</filename></entry>
  <entry>Tenth partition of the fourth SCSI hard disk</entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
<row>
  <entry><filename>sr0</filename></entry>
  <entry>SCSI CD-ROM with the lowest SCSI ID</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>sr1</filename></entry>
  <entry>SCSI CD-ROM with the next higher SCSI ID</entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
<row>
  <entry><filename>ttyS0</filename></entry>
  <entry>Serial port 0, COM1 under MS-DOS</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>ttyS1</filename></entry>
  <entry>Serial port 1, COM2 under MS-DOS</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>psaux</filename></entry>
  <entry>PS/2 mouse device</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>gpmdata</filename></entry>
  <entry>Pseudo device, repeater data from GPM (mouse) daemon</entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
<row>
  <entry><filename>cdrom</filename></entry>
  <entry>Symbolic link to the CD-ROM drive</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>mouse</filename></entry>
  <entry>Symbolic link to the mouse device file</entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
<row>
  <entry><filename>null</filename></entry>
  <entry>Everything pointed to this device will disappear</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>zero</filename></entry>
  <entry>One can endlessly read zeros out of this device</entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable> -->

<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
<row>
  <entry><filename>fd0</filename></entry>
  <entry>Primo lettore di dischetti</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>fd1</filename></entry>
  <entry>Secondo lettore di dischetti</entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
<row>
  <entry><filename>hda</filename></entry>
<entry>Disco fisso o lettore CD IDE presente sulla prima porta IDE (Master)</entry> 
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>hdb</filename></entry>
<entry>Disco fisso o lettore CD IDE presente sulla prima porta IDE (Slave)</entry> 
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>hdc</filename></entry>
<entry>Disco fisso o lettore CD IDE presente sulla seconda porta IDE (Master)</entry> 
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>hdd</filename></entry>
<entry>Disco fisso o lettore CD IDE presente sulla seconda porta IDE (Slave)</entry> 
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>hda1</filename></entry>
  <entry>Prima partizione del primo disco fisso IDE</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>hdd15</filename></entry>
  <entry>Quindicesima partizione del quarto disco fisso IDE</entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
<row>
  <entry><filename>sda</filename></entry>
  <entry>Il disco fisso SCSI con l'ID SCSI più basso (p.e. 0)</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>sdb</filename></entry>
  <entry>Il disco fisso SCSI con l'ID SCSI successivo (p.e. 1)</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>sdc</filename></entry>
<entry>Il disco fisso SCSI con l'ID SCSI successivo ulteriore (p.e. 2)</entry> 
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>sda1</filename></entry>
  <entry>Prima partizione del primo disco fisso SCSI</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>sdd10</filename></entry>
  <entry>Decima partizione del quarto disco fisso SCSI</entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
<row>
  <entry><filename>sr0</filename></entry>
  <entry>Il lettore CD SCSI con l'ID SCSI più basso</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>sr1</filename></entry>
  <entry>Il lettore CD SCSI con l'ID SCSI successivo</entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
<row>
  <entry><filename>ttyS0</filename></entry>
  <entry>Porta seriale 0, COM1 sotto MS-DOS</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>ttyS1</filename></entry>
  <entry>Porta seriale 1, COM2 sotto MS-DOS</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>psaux</filename></entry>
  <entry>Device del mouse PS/2</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>gpmdata</filename></entry>
<entry>Pseudo device, usato dal demone GPM per ritrasmettere dati del mouse</entry> 
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
<row>
  <entry><filename>cdrom</filename></entry>
  <entry>Link simbolico al lettore CD</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>mouse</filename></entry>
  <entry>Link simbolico al file di device del mouse</entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

<informaltable><tgroup cols="2"><tbody>
<row>
  <entry><filename>null</filename></entry>
  <entry>Qualunque cosa trasmessa a questo device finirà nel nulla</entry>
</row><row>
  <entry><filename>zero</filename></entry>
  <entry>Vi si possono leggere infiniti zero</entry>
</row>
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>

</para>

  <sect2>
<!-- <title>Setting Up Your Mouse</title> -->
<title>Configurazione del mouse</title>

<para>
<!-- The mouse can be used in both the Linux console (with gpm) and the X window 
environment. The two uses can be made compatible if the gpm repeater is used
to allow the signal to flow to the X server as shown:
<informalexample><screen>
mouse =&#62; /dev/psaux =&#62; gpm =&#62; /dev/gpmdata -&#62; /dev/mouse =&#62; X 
         /dev/ttyS0             (repeater)        (symlink)
         /dev/ttyS1
</screen></informalexample> -->

Il mouse può essere utilizzato sia in console (con gpm) che in ambiente
X Window. Le due modalità di utilizzo sono compatibili se si utilizza
il ritrasmettitore di dati di gpm per permettere al segnale di passare
al server X, come mostrato di seguito:

<informalexample><screen>
mouse =&#62; /dev/psaux =&#62; gpm =&#62; /dev/gpmdata -&#62; /dev/mouse =&#62; X 
         /dev/ttyS0             (repeater)        (symlink)
         /dev/ttyS1
</screen></informalexample>

</para><para>
<!-- Set the repeater protocol to be raw (in <filename>/etc/gpm.conf</filename>) while setting X to the original mouse protocol in <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename> 
or <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config-4</filename>. -->
Si imposti come raw il protocollo del ritrasmettitore (in <filename>/etc/gpm.conf</filename>), mentre in 
<filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename> o
<filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config-4</filename> si imposti il
protocollo originario del mouse per X.

</para><para>

<!-- This approach to use gpm even in X has advantages when the mouse is
unplugged inadvertently.  Simply restarting gpm with
<informalexample><screen>
user@debian:# /etc/init.d/gpm restart
</screen></informalexample>
will re-connect the mouse in software without restarting X. -->

L'utilizzo di gpm anche in X si dimostra vantaggioso nel caso il mouse
venga inavvertitamente scollegato. Basterà semplicemente rilanciare gpm
con
<informalexample><screen>
user@debian:# /etc/init.d/gpm restart
</screen></informalexample>
per riconnettere via software il mouse senza dover rilanciare X.

</para><para>
<!-- If gpm is disabled or not installed with some reason, make sure to set X to 
read directly from the mouse device such as /dev/psaux. For details, refer
to the 3-Button Mouse mini-Howto at
<filename>/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/en-txt/mini/3-Button-Mouse.gz</filename>,
<userinput>man gpm</userinput>,
<filename>/usr/share/doc/gpm/FAQ.gz</filename>, and
<ulink url="&url-xfree86;current/mouse.html">README.mouse</ulink>. -->

Se gpm è disabilitato, o per qualche ragione non è installato, ci si
assicuri di impostare X affinché legga direttamente il device del mouse,
ad esempio /dev/psaux. Per dettagli si faccia riferimento al 3-Button
Mouse mini-Howto presso <filename>/usr/share/doc/HOWTO/en-txt/mini/3-Button-Mouse.gz</filename>, a <userinput>man gpm</userinput>, <filename>/usr/share/doc/gpm/FAQ.gz</filename> e 
<ulink url="&url-xfree86;current/mouse.html">README.mouse</ulink>.

</para><para arch="powerpc">

<!-- For PowerPC, in <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename> or
<filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config-4</filename>, set the mouse device to
<userinput>"/dev/input/mice"</userinput>. -->

Per i PowerPC, si imposti il device del mouse come
<userinput>"/dev/input/mice"</userinput>, in <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename> 
o <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config-4</filename>.

</para><para arch="powerpc">

<!-- Modern kernels give you the capability to emulate a three-button mouse
when your mouse only has one button. Just add the following lines to
<filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename> file.

<informalexample><screen>

# 3-button mouse emulation
# turn on emulation
/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button_emulation = 1
# Send middle mouse button signal with the F11 key
/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button2_keycode = 87
# Send right mouse button signal with the F12 key
/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button3_keycode = 88
# For different keys, use showkey to tell you what the code is. -->

I kernel attuali permettono di emulare un mouse a tre tasti con un mouse
ad un solo tasto. &Egrave; sufficiente aggiungere le righe seguenti al
file <filename>/etc/sysctl.conf</filename>.

<informalexample><screen>

# Emulazione di mouse a 3 tasti
# attiva l'emulazione
/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button_emulation = 1
# invia il segnale del tasto mediano con F11
/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button2_keycode = 87
# invia il segnale del tasto di destra con F12
/dev/mac_hid/mouse_button3_keycode = 88
# per alternative a F11 e F12, con showkey si ottiene il
# codice da usare.

</screen></informalexample>
</para>
  </sect2>
 </sect1>

 <sect1 id="tasksel-size-list">
<!-- <title>Disk Space Needed for Tasks</title>-->
 <title>Spazio necessario per i task di tasksel</title>
<para>

<!-- The base sarge installation for i386, including all standard packages,
requires 178MB of disk space. -->

L'installazione base di sarge per i386, compresi tutti i pacchetti
standard, richiede 178MB di spazio sul disco fisso.

</para><para>
<!-- The following table lists sizes reported by aptitude for the tasks listed in 
tasksel. Note that some tasks have overlapping constituents, so the total
installed size for two tasks together may be less than the total obtained by
adding the numbers up. -->

La tabella seguente riporta le dimensioni, secondo aptitude, dei task
presenti in tasksel. Si noti che alcuni task hanno dei componenti in
comune, per cui lo spazio realmente occupato da due task installati
assieme potrebbe essere minore della somma teorica.

</para><para>

<!-- <informalexample><screen>
Task                              Installed  Download   Space Needed
                                  Size (MB)  Size (MB)  To Install (MB)

Desktop                            1537        521        2058
Web server                           71         21          92
Print server                        240         83         323
Mail server                          41         12          53
File server                          85         34         119
SQL database                        108         33         141

</screen></informalexample> -->

<informalexample><screen>
Task                     Dimensioni      Dimensioni    Spazio necessario
installato (MB) scarico (MB) all'installazione (MB) 

Desktop                        1537          521          2058
Web server                       71           21            92
Print server                    240           83           323
Mail server                      41           12            53
File server                      85           34           119
SQL database                    108           33           141

</screen></informalexample>
</para>
 </sect1>
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