[RFR4] po4a://project-history/po4a/po/fr.po

[Steve Petruzzello <dlist@bluewin.ch>]

Salut Jean-Paul,

Merci pour cette magnifique relecture. J'ai tout repris (ou quasi, j'ai
garder le huitante…:)). Par contre je ne m'explique pas les espaces
doubles, ils semblent réapparaître aléatoirement.

> Écriture des nombres : http://guide-typographie.com/caracteres_nombres.htm

Ok, je suis conquis, doute levé. Par contre, je me demande si l'on ne
devrait pas remplacer binary par exécutable plutôt que binaire comme
actuellement utilisé. Avis ?

Je remets le fichier corrigé en entier.

Encore merci !

Steve

# French translation of the project-history web page
# Copyright (C) 1998, 2000, 2005, 2006, 2010, 2012, 2013 Debian French l10n Team <debian-l10n-french@lists.debian.org>
# This file is distributed under the same license as the debian-history package.
#
# Jérôme Rousselot <r.jerome@francemel.com>, 1998.
# Patrice Karatchentzeff <p.karatchentzeff@free.fr>, 2000.
# Simon Paillard <simon.paillard@enst-bretagne.fr>, 2005, 2006.
# Steve Petruzzello <dlist@bluewin.ch>, 2010, 2012, 2013.
# Christian Perrier <bubulle@debian.org>, 2013.
# Steve Petruzzello <dlist@bluewin.ch>, 2017, 2019
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: 2.13\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-04-04 11:30+0200\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2019-03-21 09:00+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Steve Petruzzello <dlist@bluewin.ch>\n"
"Language-Team: French <debian-l10n-french@lists.debian.org>\n"
"Language: fr\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
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"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1);\n"
"X-Generator: Lokalize 1.4\n"

#. type: Attribute 'lang' of: <book>
#: project-history.en.dbk:8
msgid "en"
msgstr "en"

#. type: Content of: <book><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:10
msgid "A Brief History of Debian"
msgstr "Bref historique de Debian"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><releaseinfo>
#: project-history.en.dbk:14
msgid "version: &pubversion; (&pubdate;)"
msgstr "version : &pubversion; (&pubdate;)"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><abstract><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:18
msgid "This document describes the history and goals of the Debian project."
msgstr "Ce document décrit l'histoire et les objectifs du projet Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice>
#: project-history.en.dbk:24
#| msgid ""
#| "<copyright> <year>1999-2019</year> <holder> <personname>Debian "
#| "Documentation Team</personname> <email>debian-doc@lists.debian.org</"
#| "email> </holder> </copyright>"
msgid ""
"<copyright> <year>1999-2018</year> <holder> <personname>Debian Documentation "
"Team</personname> <email>debian-doc@lists.debian.org</email> </holder> </"
"copyright>"
msgstr ""
"<copyright> <year>1999-2018</year> <holder> <personname>Debian Documentation "
"Team</personname> <email>debian-doc@lists.debian.org</email> </holder> </"
"copyright>"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><authorgroup><author><personname>
#: project-history.en.dbk:33
msgid "Debian Documentation Team"
msgstr "Projet de documentation Debian"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><authorgroup><author><email>
#: project-history.en.dbk:33
msgid "debian-doc@lists.debian.org"
msgstr "debian-doc@lists.debian.org"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:37
msgid ""
"This document may be freely redistributed or modified in any form provided "
"your changes are clearly documented."
msgstr ""
"Ce document peut être librement redistribué ou modifié tant que vos "
"modifications sont clairement mentionnées."

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:40
msgid ""
"This document may be redistributed for fee or free, and may be modified "
"(including translation from one type of media or file format to another or "
"from one spoken language to another) provided that all changes from the "
"original are clearly marked as such."
msgstr ""
"Ce document peut être redistribué contre paiement ou gratuitement, et peut "
"être modifié (sont concernées les conversions d'un type de média ou de "
"format de fichier vers un autre ainsi que les traductions d'une langue vers "
"une autre), pourvu que vos modifications soient clairement indiquées comme "
"telles."

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:46
msgid "Significant contributions were made to this document by"
msgstr ""
"Les contributions significatives à l'élaboration du présent document ont été "
"faites par :"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:51
msgid "Javier Fernández-Sanguino <email>jfs@debian.org</email>"
msgstr "Javier Fernández-Sanguino <email>jfs@debian.org</email>"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:56
msgid "Bdale Garbee <email>bdale@debian.org</email>"
msgstr "Bdale Garbee <email>bdale@debian.org</email>"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:61
msgid "Hartmut Koptein <email>koptein@debian.org</email>"
msgstr "Hartmut Koptein <email>koptein@debian.org</email>"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:66
msgid "Nils Lohner <email>lohner@debian.org</email>"
msgstr "Nils Lohner <email>lohner@debian.org</email>"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:71
msgid "Will Lowe <email>lowe@debian.org</email>"
msgstr "Will Lowe <email>lowe@debian.org</email>"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:76
msgid "Bill Mitchell <email>Bill.Mitchell@pobox.com</email>"
msgstr "Bill Mitchell <email>Bill.Mitchell@pobox.com</email>"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:81
msgid "Ian Murdock"
msgstr "Ian Murdock"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:86
msgid "Martin Schulze <email>joey@debian.org</email>"
msgstr "Martin Schulze <email>joey@debian.org</email>"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:91
msgid "Craig Small <email>csmall@debian.org</email>"
msgstr "Craig Small <email>csmall@debian.org</email>"

#. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:96
msgid ""
"This document is primarily maintained by Bdale Garbee <email>bdale@debian."
"org</email>."
msgstr ""
"Ce document est actuellement maintenu principalement par Bdale Garbee "
"<email>bdale@debian.org</email>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:104
msgid "Introduction -- What is the Debian Project?"
msgstr "Introduction — Qu'est-ce que le Projet Debian ?"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:106
msgid ""
"<ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/\";>The Debian Project</ulink> is a "
"worldwide group of volunteers who endeavor to produce an operating system "
"distribution that is composed entirely of free software.  The principle "
"product of the project to date is the Debian GNU/Linux software "
"distribution, which includes the Linux operating system kernel, and "
"thousands of prepackaged applications.  Various processor types are "
"supported to one extent or another, including 32 and 64 bit x86, ARM, MIPS, "
"PowerPC and IBM S/390."
msgstr ""
"Le <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/\";>projet Debian</ulink> est un "
"groupe mondial de volontaires qui s'efforcent de produire un système "
"d'exploitation qui soit composé exclusivement de logiciels libres. Le "
"principal produit de ce projet est la distribution Debian GNU/Linux, qui "
"inclut le noyau Linux ainsi que des milliers d'applications préempaquetées. "
"Divers types de processeurs sont gérés à des degrés divers, en incluant les "
"architectures x86 32 ou 64 bits, ARM, MIPS, PowerPC et IBM S/390."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:115
msgid ""
"Debian motivated the formation of <ulink url=\"http://www.spi-inc.org/";
"\">Software in the Public Interest, Inc.,</ulink> a New York-based non-"
"profit organization.  SPI was founded to help Debian and other similar "
"organizations develop and distribute open hardware and software.  Among "
"other things, SPI provides a mechanism by which The Debian Project may "
"accept contributions that are tax deductible in the United States."
msgstr ""
"Debian a encouragé la formation de <ulink url=\"https://www.spi-inc.orgi/";
"\">Software in the Public Interest, Inc.,</ulink> une organisation à but non "
"lucratif basée à New York. SPI a été fondée pour aider Debian et d'autres "
"organisations similaires à développer et distribuer du matériel et des "
"programmes ouverts. Entre autres, SPI fournit un mécanisme permettant au "
"Projet Debian d'accepter des dons qui peuvent être défiscalisés au États-"
"Unis d'Amérique."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:123
msgid ""
"For more information about free software, see the <ulink url=\"http://www.";
"debian.org/social_contract\">Debian Social Contract</ulink> and associated "
"Debian Free Software Guidelines, or the <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/";
"intro/free\">Debian What Does Free Mean?</ulink> page."
msgstr ""
"Pour en apprendre davantage sur le logiciel libre, vous pouvez lire la page "
"du <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/social_contract\";>Contrat social de "
"Debian</ulink> ainsi que le document associé des directives pour le logiciel "
"libre Debian ou encore la page <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/intro/free";
"\">Que signifie libre pour Debian ?</ulink>"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:129
msgid "In the Beginning"
msgstr "Au début"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:131
msgid ""
"The Debian Project was officially founded by Ian Murdock on <ulink url="
"\"https://groups.google.com/forum/message/raw?msg=comp.os.linux.development/";
"Md3Modzg5TU/xty88y5OLaMJ\">August 16th, 1993</ulink>.  (There is also a "
"<ulink url=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/iamurdock/20006308374/\";>scanned "
"printout</ulink> of that announcement.) At that time, the whole concept of a "
"\"distribution\" of Linux was new.  Ian intended Debian to be a distribution "
"which would be made openly, in the spirit of Linux and GNU (read his "
"manifesto provided as an appendix to this document for more details).  The "
"creation of Debian was sponsored by the FSF's GNU project for one year "
"(November 1994 to November 1995)."
msgstr ""
"Le Projet Debian a été officiellement fondé par Ian Murdock le <ulink url="
"\"https://groups.google.com/forum/message/raw?msg=comp.os.linux.development/";
"Md3Modzg5TU/xty88y5OLaMJ\">16 août 1993</ulink>. (Il existe également un "
"<ulink url=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/iamurdock/20006308374/\";>document "
"numérisé</ulink> de cette annonce). À cette époque, le concept même de "
"« distribution Linux » était totalement novateur. Ian souhaitait que Debian "
"soit une distribution construite de manière ouverte, dans l'esprit du "
"développement du noyau Linux et de GNU (lisez son manifeste fourni en "
"appendice à ce document pour en connaître davantage). La création de Debian "
"a été parrainée par le Projet GNU de la FSF pendant une année (novembre 1994 "
"à novembre 1995)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:143
msgid ""
"Debian was meant to be carefully and conscientiously put together, and to be "
"maintained and supported with similar care.  It started as a small, tightly-"
"knit group of Free Software hackers, and gradually grew to become a large, "
"well-organized community of developers and users."
msgstr ""
"Debian voulait être élaborée soigneusement et consciencieusement, maintenue "
"et gérée avec autant d'attention. Cela a commencé par un petit groupe de "
"hackers du logiciel libre qui grandit pour devenir une grande communauté "
"organisée de développeurs et d'utilisateurs."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:149
msgid ""
"When it began, Debian was the only distribution that was open for every "
"developer and user to contribute their work.  It remains the most "
"significant distributor of Linux that is not a commercial entity.  It is the "
"only large project with a constitution, social contract, and policy "
"documents to organize the project.  Debian is also the only distribution "
"which is \"micro packaged\" using detailed dependency information regarding "
"inter-package relationships to ensure system consistency across upgrades."
msgstr ""
"À ses débuts, Debian était la seule distribution ouverte aux contributions "
"de tout développeur ou utilisateur. C'est toujours le seul distributeur "
"Linux majeur qui ne soit pas une entité commerciale. C'est le seul projet "
"important disposant d'une constitution, d'un contrat social et de chartes "
"pour organiser le projet. Debian est également la seule distribution "
"« microempaquetée » utilisant des informations détaillées sur les "
"dépendances entre les paquets, afin d'assurer la cohérence du système lors "
"des mises à jour."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:158
msgid ""
"To achieve and maintain high standards of quality, Debian has adopted an "
"extensive set of policies and procedures for packaging and delivering "
"software.  These standards are backed up by tools, automation, and "
"documentation implementing all of Debian's key elements in an open and "
"visible way."
msgstr ""
"Pour atteindre et maintenir de hauts standards de qualité, Debian a adopté "
"un vaste ensemble de chartes et de procédures pour l'empaquetage et la mise "
"à disposition des logiciels. Ces standards sont soutenus par des outils, de "
"l'automatisation et de la documentation qui implémentent tous les éléments "
"clés de Debian d'une manière ouverte et transparente."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:165
msgid "Pronouncing Debian"
msgstr "Comment prononcer Debian ?"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:167
msgid ""
"The official pronunciation of Debian is 'deb ee n'.  The name comes from the "
"names of the creator of Debian, Ian Murdock, and his wife, Debra."
msgstr ""
"La prononciation officielle de Debian est « déb-yann ». Le nom tire son "
"origine des prénoms du créateur de Debian, Ian Murdock, et de son épouse, "
"Debra."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:174
msgid "Leadership"
msgstr "Chefs du projet Debian"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:176
msgid "Debian has had several leaders since its beginnings in 1993."
msgstr "Debian a eu plusieurs dirigeants depuis ses débuts en 1993."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:179
msgid "Ian Murdock founded Debian in August 1993 and led it until March 1996."
msgstr ""
"Ian Murdock a fondé Debian en août 1993 et a mené le projet jusqu'en "
"mars 1996."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:182
msgid "Bruce Perens led Debian from April 1996 until December 1997."
msgstr "Bruce Perens a dirigé Debian d'avril 1996 à décembre 1997."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:185
msgid "Ian Jackson led Debian from January 1998 until December 1998."
msgstr "Ian Jackson a dirigé Debian de janvier 1998 à décembre 1998."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:188
msgid "Wichert Akkerman led Debian from January 1999 until March 2001."
msgstr "Wichert Akkerman a dirigé Debian de janvier 1999 à mars 2001."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:191
msgid "Ben Collins led Debian from April 2001 until April 2002."
msgstr "Ben Collins a dirigé Debian d'avril 2001 à avril 2002."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:194
msgid "Bdale Garbee led Debian from April 2002 until April 2003."
msgstr "Bdale Garbee a dirigé Debian d'avril 2002 à avril 2003."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:197
msgid "Martin Michlmayr led Debian from March 2003 until March 2005."
msgstr "Martin Michlmayr a dirigé Debian de mars 2003 à mars 2005."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:200
msgid "Branden Robinson led Debian from April 2005 until April 2006."
msgstr "Branden Robinson a dirigé Debian d'avril 2005 à avril 2006."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:203
msgid "Anthony Towns led Debian from April 2006 until April 2007."
msgstr "Anthony Towns a dirigé Debian d'avril 2006 à avril 2007."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:206
msgid "Sam Hocevar led Debian from April 2007 until April 2008."
msgstr "Sam Hocevar a dirigé Debian d'avril 2007 à avril 2008."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:209
msgid "Steve McIntyre led Debian from April 2008 until April 2010."
msgstr "Steve McIntyre a dirigé Debian d'avril 2008 à avril 2010."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:212
msgid "Stefano Zacchiroli led Debian from April 2010 until April 2013."
msgstr "Stefano Zacchiroli a dirigé Debian d'avril 2010 à avril 2013."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:215
msgid "Lucas Nussbaum led Debian from April 2013 until April 2015."
msgstr "Lucas Nussbaum a dirigé Debian d'avril 2013 à avril 2015."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:218
msgid "Neil McGovern led Debian from April 2015 until April 2016."
msgstr "Neil McGovern a dirigé Debian d'avril 2015 à avril 2016."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:221
msgid "Mehdi Dogguy led Debian from April 2016 until April 2017."
msgstr "Mehdi Dogguy a dirigé Debian d'avril 2016 à avril 2017. "

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:224
msgid "Chris Lamb was elected in April 2017 and is our current leader."
msgstr "Chris Lamb a été élu en avril 2017 et est notre chef de projet actuel."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:228
msgid "Debian Releases"
msgstr "Les versions de Debian"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:230
msgid "Debian 0.01 through 0.90 (August-December 1993)"
msgstr "Debian 0.01 jusqu'à 0.90 (d'août à décembre 1993)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:233
msgid ""
"Debian 0.91 (January 1994): This release had a simple package system which "
"could install and uninstall packages.  The project had grown to several "
"dozen people at this point."
msgstr ""
"Debian 0.91 (janvier 1994) : cette version avait un système de paquets "
"simpliste qui permettait d'installer et de désinstaller des paquets. Le "
"projet est passé à plusieurs dizaines de personnes à ce moment."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:238
msgid ""
"Debian 0.93R5 (March 1995): Responsibility for each package was clearly "
"assigned to a developer by this point, and the package manager "
"(<command>dpkg</command>) was used to install packages after the "
"installation of a base system."
msgstr ""
"Debian 0.93R5 (mars 1995) : la responsabilité de chaque paquet a été "
"clairement assignée à un développeur à partir de cette date, et le "
"gestionnaire de paquets (<command>dpkg</command>) a été utilisé pour "
"installer les paquets après l'installation d'un système de base."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:244
msgid ""
"Debian 0.93R6 (November 1995): <command>dselect</command> appears.  This was "
"the last Debian release using the a.out binary format; there were about 60 "
"developers.  The first master.debian.org server was built by Bdale Garbee "
"and hosted by HP in parallel with the 0.93R6 release.  The deployment of an "
"explicit master server on which Debian developers would construct each "
"release led directly to the formation of the Debian mirror network, and "
"indirectly to the development of many of the policies and procedures used to "
"manage the project today."
msgstr ""
"Debian 0.93R6 (novembre 1995) : apparition de <command>dselect</command>. Ce "
"fut la dernière version de Debian au format binaire a.out. Il y avait "
"environ 60 développeurs. Le premier serveur master.debian.org a été "
"construit par Bdale Garbee et hébergé par HP, parallèlement au développement "
"de la version 0.93R6. Le déploiement d'un serveur maître explicite, sur "
"lequel les développeurs Debian construiraient chaque version, a conduit "
"directement à la création d'un réseau de miroirs Debian, et indirectement au "
"développement de nombreuses chartes et procédures utilisées aujourd'hui pour "
"gérer le projet."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:254
msgid ""
"Debian 1.0 was never released: InfoMagic, a CD vendor, accidentally shipped "
"a development release of Debian and entitled it 1.0.  On December 11th 1995, "
"Debian and InfoMagic jointly announced that this release was screwed.  Bruce "
"Perens explains that the data placed on the \"InfoMagic Linux Developer's "
"Resource 5-CD Set November 1995\" as \"Debian 1.0\" is not the Debian 1.0 "
"release, but an early development version which is only partially in the ELF "
"format, will probably not boot or run correctly, and does not represent the "
"quality of a released Debian system.  To prevent confusion between the "
"premature CD version and the actual Debian release, the Debian Project has "
"renamed its next release to \"Debian 1.1\".  The premature Debian 1.0 on CD "
"is deprecated and should not be used."
msgstr ""
"Debian 1.0 n'est jamais parue : « InfoMagic », un revendeur de cédéroms, "
"livra accidentellement la version de développement de Debian sous le "
"nom 1.0. En décembre 1995, Debian et InfoMagic annoncèrent conjointement que "
"cette version était déclarée radiée. Bruce Perens expliquait alors que les "
"fichiers présents dans le « InfoMagic Linux Developer's Resource 5-CD Set "
"November 1995 » annoncé comme « Debian 1.0 » ne constituaient pas la "
"version 1.0 de Debian, mais une version de développement précédente qui "
"n'était que partiellement au format ELF, ne s'amorçait probablement pas "
"correctement, et ne représentait pas la qualité d'un système Debian "
"officiel. Pour éviter la confusion entre cette version prématurée et la "
"version réelle de Debian, le projet Debian a renommé sa version suivante "
"« Debian 1.1 ». La version prématurée de Debian 1.0 sur cédérom n'est pas "
"reconnue et ne devrait pas être utilisée."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:267
msgid ""
"The hosting of master.debian.org moved from HP to i-Connect.Net around the "
"end of 1995.  Michael Neuffer and Shimon Shapiro, founders of i-Connect.Net, "
"hosted master on their own hardware for a little more than a year.  During "
"this time, they provided many services to Debian, including running what was "
"essentially the New Maintainer process of the day, and significantly aiding "
"the growth of the early Debian mirror network."
msgstr ""
"L'hébergement de master.debian.org a été déplacé de HP à i-Connect.Net à la "
"fin de l'année 1995. Michael Neuffer et Shimon Shapiro, fondateurs de i-"
"Connect.Net, ont hébergé master sur leur propre matériel pendant un peu plus "
"d'une année. Pendant cette période, ils ont proposé de nombreux services à "
"Debian, en incluant le processus de nouveau mainteneur et en aidant "
"significativement la croissance du nouveau réseau de miroirs Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:275
msgid ""
"Debian 1.1 <emphasis>Buzz</emphasis> (June 17th, 1996): This was the first "
"Debian release with a code name.  It was taken, like all others so far, from "
"a character in one of the <emphasis>Toy Story</emphasis> movies...  in this "
"case, Buzz Lightyear.  By this time, Bruce Perens had taken over leadership "
"of the Project from Ian Murdock, and Bruce was working at Pixar, the company "
"that produced the movies.  This release was fully ELF, used Linux kernel "
"2.0, and contained 474 packages."
msgstr ""
"Debian 1.1 <emphasis>Buzz</emphasis> (17 juin 1996) : ce fut la première "
"version de Debian portant un nom de code. Il a été choisi, comme tous les "
"autres par la suite, d'après les personnages du film <emphasis>Toy Story</"
"emphasis> et dans le cas présent d'après celui de <emphasis>Buzz Lightyear</"
"emphasis> (Buzz l'éclair). À ce moment, Bruce Perens prenait la succession "
"de Ian Murdock à la direction du projet Debian. Celui-ci travaillait alors "
"pour Pixar, la société qui produisait ces films. Cette version était "
"100 %ELF, utilisait le noyau Linux 2.0 et contenait 474 paquets."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:284
msgid ""
"Debian 1.2 <emphasis>Rex</emphasis> (December 12th, 1996): Named for the "
"plastic dinosaur in the <emphasis>Toy Story</emphasis> movies.  This release "
"consisted of 848 packages maintained by 120 developers"
msgstr ""
"Debian 1.2 <emphasis>Rex</emphasis> (12 décembre 1996) : ce nom est celui du "
"dinosaure en plastique du film. Cette version consistait en 848 paquets "
"entretenus par 120 développeurs."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:289
msgid ""
"Debian 1.3 <emphasis>Bo</emphasis> (June 5th, 1997): Named for Bo Peep, the "
"shepherdess.  This release consisted of 974 packages maintained by 200 "
"developers."
msgstr ""
"Debian 1.3 <emphasis>Bo</emphasis> (5 juin 1997) : ce nom est tiré de « Bo "
"Beep », la bergère. Elle contenait 974 paquets maintenus par "
"200 développeurs."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:294
msgid ""
"Debian 2.0 <emphasis>Hamm</emphasis> (July 24th, 1998): Named for the piggy-"
"bank in the <emphasis>Toy Story</emphasis> movies.  This was the first multi-"
"architecture release of Debian, adding support for the Motorola 68000 series "
"architectures.  With Ian Jackson as Project Leader, this release made the "
"transition to libc6, and consisted of over 1500 packages maintained by over "
"400 developers."
msgstr ""
"Debian 2.0 <emphasis>Hamm</emphasis> (24 juillet 1998) : nom du cochon du "
"film. Ce fut la première version multi-architecture de Debian, avec la "
"gestion de l'architecture 68k de Motorola. Cette version (encadrée par Ian "
"Jackson comme chef de Projet) a marqué la transition vers la bibliothèque "
"libc6, proposait plus de 1500 paquets et était produite par 400 développeurs."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:302
msgid ""
"Debian 2.1 <emphasis>Slink</emphasis> (March 9th, 1999): Named for the "
"slinky-dog in the movie.  Two more architectures were added, <ulink url="
"\"http://www.debian.org/ports/alpha/\";>Alpha</ulink> and <ulink url=\"http://";
"www.debian.org/ports/sparc/\">SPARC</ulink>.  With Wichert Akkerman as "
"Project Leader, this release consisted of about 2250 packages and required 2 "
"CDs in the official set.  The key technical innovation was the introduction "
"of apt, a new package management interface.  Widely emulated, apt addressed "
"issues resulting from Debian's continuing growth, and established a new "
"paradigm for package acquisition and installation on Open Source operating "
"systems."
msgstr ""
"Debian 2.1 <emphasis>Slink</emphasis> (sortie le 9 mars 1999) : nom du chien "
"du film. Deux architectures y ont été ajoutées, <ulink url=\"http://www.";
"debian.org/ports/alpha/\">Alpha</ulink> et <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.";
"org/ports/sparc/\">SPARC</ulink>. Avec Wichert Akkerman comme chef du "
"Projet, cette version consistait d'environ 2 250 paquets qui tenait sur deux "
"CD de la suite officielle. L'apport technique majeur était l'introduction de "
"apt, une nouvelle interface de gestion de paquets. Largement imitée, apt "
"répondait aux problèmes résultant de la croissance de Debian et établissait "
"ainsi un nouveau paradigme pour l'acquisition et l'installation sur les "
"systèmes d'exploitation libre. "

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:313
msgid ""
"Debian 2.2 <emphasis>Potato</emphasis> (15 August 2000): Named for \"Mr "
"Potato Head\" in the <emphasis>Toy Story</emphasis> movies.  This release "
"added support for the <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/powerpc/";
"\">PowerPC</ulink> and <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/arm/\";>ARM</"
"ulink> architectures.  With Wichert still serving as Project Leader, this "
"release consisted of more than 3900 binary packages derived from over 2600 "
"source packages maintained by more than 450 Debian developers."
msgstr ""
"Debian 2.2 <emphasis>Potato</emphasis> (parue le 15 août 2000) : d'après le "
"nom « Potato Head » des films <emphasis>Toy Story</emphasis>. Cette version "
"ajouta la gestion pour les architectures <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/";
"ports/powerpc/\">PowerPC</ulink> et <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/";
"arm/\">ARM</ulink>. Avec Wichert menant encore le Projet, cette version "
"consistait en plus de 3900 paquets binaires dérivés de plus de 2600 paquets "
"sources maintenus par plus de 450 développeurs Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:322
msgid ""
"Debian 3.0 <emphasis>Woody</emphasis> (19 July 2002): Named for the main "
"character the <emphasis>Toy Story</emphasis> movies: \"Woody\" the cowboy.  "
"Even more architectures were added in this release: <ulink url=\"http://www.";
"debian.org/ports/ia64/\">IA-64</ulink>, <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/";
"ports/hppa/\">HP PA-RISC</ulink>, <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/";
"mips/\">MIPS (big endian)</ulink>, <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/";
"mipsel/\">MIPS (little endian)</ulink> and <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.";
"org/ports/s390/\">S/390</ulink>.  This is also the first release to include "
"cryptographic software due to the restrictions for exportation being "
"<emphasis>lightened</emphasis> in the US, and also the first one to include "
"KDE, now that the license issues with QT were resolved.  With Bdale Garbee "
"recently appointed Project Leader, and more than 900 Debian developers, this "
"release contained around 8,500 binary packages and 7 binary CDs in the "
"official set."
msgstr ""
"Debian 3.0 <emphasis>Woody</emphasis> (parue le 19 juillet 2002) : nom du "
"cowboy, personnage principal de la série de films <emphasis>Toy Story</"
"emphasis>. Encore plus d'architectures ont été ajoutées à cette version : "
"<ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/ia64/\";>IA-64</ulink>, <ulink url="
"\"http://www.debian.org/ports/hppa/\";>HP PA-RISC</ulink>, <ulink url="
"\"http://www.debian.org/ports/mips/\";>MIPS (big endian)</ulink>, <ulink url="
"\"http://www.debian.org/ports/mipsel/\";>MIPS (little endian)</ulink> et "
"<ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/s390/\";>S/390</ulink>. C'était "
"également la première version intégrant des logiciels de cryptographie suite "
"aux allégements de restriction à l'exportation aux USA, et aussi la première "
"incluant KDE, les problèmes de licence de QT ayant été résolues. Bdale "
"Garbee ayant été récemment désigné comme chef du Projet, plus de 900 "
"développeurs Debian ont permis la publication de cette version contenant "
"environ 8500 paquets binaires qui tenaient sur un ensemble officiel de 7 CD."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:338
msgid ""
"Debian 3.1 <emphasis>Sarge</emphasis> (6 June 2005): named for the sergeant "
"of the Green Plastic Army Men.  No new architectures were added to the "
"release, although an unofficial AMD64 port was published at the same time "
"and distributed through the new <ulink url=\"https://alioth.debian.org";
"\">Alioth project hosting site</ulink>.  This release features a new "
"installer: <emphasis>debian-installer</emphasis>, a modular piece of "
"software that feature automatic hardware detection, unattended installation "
"features and was released fully translated to over thirty languages.  It was "
"also the first release to include a full office suite: OpenOffice.org.  "
"Branden Robinson had just been appointed as Project Leader.  This release "
"was made by more than nine hundred Debian developers, and contained around "
"15,400 binary packages and 14 binary CDs in the official set."
msgstr ""
"Debian 3.1 <emphasis>Sarge</emphasis> (publiée le 6 juin 2005) : nommée "
"d'après le sergent du « Green Plastic Army Men ». Aucune nouvelle "
"architecture n'a été ajoutée à cette version bien qu'une version AMD64 non "
"officielle ait été publiée au même moment et distribuée via le nouveau "
"<ulink url=\"https://alioth.debian.org\";>site d'hébergement de projet "
"Alioth</ulink>. Cette version proposa le nouvel installateur "
"<emphasis>debian-installer</emphasis>, un logiciel modulaire intégrant une "
"détection automatique du matériel, une fonctionnalité d'installation "
"automatique ainsi qu'une traduction dans plus de trente langues. Ce fut "
"également la première version intégrant une suite bureautique complète, "
"OpenOffice.org. Brandon Robinson fut désigné comme chef du Projet. Plus de "
"900 développeurs Debian contribuèrent à la publication de cette version qui "
"contenant environ 14 500 paquets binaires et qui tenait sur 14 CD."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:352
msgid ""
"Debian 4.0 <emphasis>Etch</emphasis> (8 April 2007): named for the sketch "
"toy in the movie.  One architecture was added in this release: <ulink url="
"\"http://www.debian.org/ports/amd64/\";>AMD64</ulink>, and official support "
"for <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/m68k/\";>m68k</ulink> was "
"dropped.  This release continued using the <emphasis>debian-installer</"
"emphasis>, but featuring in this release a graphical installer, "
"cryptographic verification of downloaded packages, more flexible "
"partitioning (with support for encrypted partitions), simplified mail "
"configuration, a more flexible desktop selection, simplified but improved "
"localization and new modes, including a <emphasis>rescue</emphasis> mode.  "
"New installations would not need to reboot through the installation process "
"as the previous two phases of installation were now integrated.  This new "
"installer provided support for scripts using composed characters and complex "
"languages in its graphical version, increasing the number of available "
"translations to over fifty.  Sam Hocevar was appointed Project Leader the "
"very same day, and the project included more than one thousand and thirty "
"Debian developers.  The release contained around 18,000 binary packages over "
"20 binary CDs (3 DVDs) in the official set.  There were also two binary CDs "
"available to install the system with alternate desktop environments "
"different to the default one."
msgstr ""
"Debian 4.0 <emphasis>Etch</emphasis> publiée le 8 avril 2007. Nom de "
"l'ardoise magique dans le film. L'architecture  <ulink url=\"http://www.";
"debian.org/ports/amd64/\">AMD64</ulink> fut ajoutée dans cette version et la "
"gestion officielle de <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/m68k/\";>m68k</"
"ulink> supprimée. Cette version continua d'utiliser l'<emphasis>installateur "
"Debian</emphasis> classique mais une version graphique y fut ajoutée, ainsi "
"qu'une vérification cryptographique des paquets téléchargés, un "
"partitionnement plus flexible (avec la gestion de partitions chiffrées), une "
"simplification de la configuration des messages électroniques, une sélection "
"plus flexible des environnements de bureau, une localisation simplifiée mais "
"améliorée et de nouveaux modes incluant un mode de <emphasis>secours</"
"emphasis> (rescue mode). Les nouvelles installations ne requirent plus un "
"redémarrage puisque les deux premières phases d'installations étaient "
"maintenant intégrées. Ce nouvel installateur fournissait également la "
"gestion de scripts utilisant les caractères composés et des langages "
"complexes pour le mode graphique, ce qui amenait le nombre de traductions à "
"plus de cinquante. Sam Hocevar fût élu chef de Projet le même jour et celui-"
"ci comptait plus de 1030 développeurs Debian. Cette version contenait "
"environ 18 000 paquets binaires qui prenaient plus de 20 CD (ou 3 DVD) dans "
"l'ensemble officiel. Il y avait également 2 CD disponibles pour installer "
"des environnements de bureau différents de celui par défaut."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:373
msgid ""
"Debian 5.0 <emphasis>Lenny</emphasis> (February 2009): named for the wind up "
"binoculars in the <emphasis>Toy Story</emphasis> movies.  One architecture "
"was added in this release: <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/ArmEabiPort";
"\">ARM EABI</ulink> (or <emphasis>armel</emphasis>), providing support for "
"newer ARM processors and deprecating the old ARM port (<emphasis>arm</"
"emphasis>).  The <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/M68k\";>m68k</ulink> "
"port was not included in this release, although it was still provided in the "
"<emphasis>unstable</emphasis> distribution.  This release did not feature "
"the <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/kfreebsd-gnu/\";>FreeBSD port</"
"ulink>, although much work on the port had been done to make it qualify it "
"did not meet yet the <ulink url=\"https://release.debian.org/lenny/";
"arch_qualify.html\">qualification requirements</ulink> for this release."
msgstr ""
"Debian 5.0 <emphasis>Lenny</emphasis> fut publiée en février 2009. Nommée "
"d'après les jumelles dans le film. L'architecture  <ulink url=\"https://wiki.";
"debian.org/ArmEabiPort\">ARM EABI</ulink> (ou <emphasis>armel</emphasis>) "
"fut ajoutée dans cette version, permettant la gestion des nouveaux "
"processeurs ARM rendant ainsi obsolète le vieux portage ARM (<emphasis>arm</"
"emphasis>). Le portage <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/M68k\";>m68k</"
"ulink> ne fut pas inclus dans cette version bien qu'il soit toujours fournit "
"dans la distribution <emphasis>unstable</emphasis>. Cette version ne "
"proposait pas non plus le portage <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/";
"kfreebsd-gnu/\">FreeBSD</ulink>, malgré tout le travail pour le rendre "
"<ulink url=\"https://release.debian.org/lenny/arch_qualify.html\";>éligible</"
"ulink>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:388
msgid ""
"Support of small factor devices in this release was increased by the added "
"support for Marvell's Orion platform which was used in many storage devices "
"and also provided supported several Netbooks.  Some new build tools were "
"added which allowed Debian packages to be cross-built and shrunk for "
"embedded ARM systems.  Also, netbooks of varied vendors were now supported "
"and the distribution provided software more suitable for computers with "
"relatively low performance."
msgstr ""
"La gestion des périphériques de petite taille a été améliorée dans cette "
"version par l'ajout de la plateforme Orion de Marvell qui est utilisée dans "
"de nombreux supports de stockage et de Netbooks. De nouveaux outils de "
"construction (build) ont été ajoutés, ce qui a permis aux paquets de Debian "
"d'être compilés de manière croisée et réduits pour les systèmes ARM "
"embarqués. De même, des netbooks de divers marques furent gérés et la "
"distribution fournissait des logiciels plus adaptés pour des ordinateurs "
"ayant des performances relativement faibles."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:397
msgid ""
"It was also the first release to provide free versions of Sun's Java "
"technology, making it possible to provide Java applications in the "
"<emphasis>main</emphasis> section."
msgstr ""
"C'était également la première version qui fournissait la version libre de la "
"technologie Java de Sun, rendant possible la distribution d'applications "
"Java dans la section <emphasis>main</emphasis>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:402
msgid ""
"Debian 6.0 <emphasis>Squeeze</emphasis> (February 2011): named for the green "
"three-eyed aliens."
msgstr ""
"Debian 6.0 <emphasis>Squeeze</emphasis> (février 2011) : nom de "
"l'extraterrestre vert aux trois yeux dans le film."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:406
msgid ""
"The release was frozen on August 6, 2010, with many of the Debian developers "
"gathered at the 10th DebConf at New York City."
msgstr ""
"Cette version a été gelée le 6 août 2010 au cours de la conférence onzième "
"DebConf qui s'est tenue à New York en présence de nombreux développeurs "
"Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:410
msgid ""
"While two architectures (alpha and hppa) were dropped, two architectures of "
"the new <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/kfreebsd-gnu/\";>FreeBSD "
"port</ulink> (kfreebsd-i386 and kfreebsd-amd64) were made available as "
"<emphasis>technology preview</emphasis>, including the kernel and userland "
"tools as well as common server software (though not advanced desktop "
"features yet).  This was the first time a Linux distribution has been "
"extended to also allow use of a non-Linux kernel."
msgstr ""
"Alors que deux architecture furent abandonnées (alpha et hppa), le nouveau "
"portage <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/kfreebsd-gnu/\";>FreeBSD</"
"ulink> (kfreebsd-i386 et kfreebsd-amd64) fut mis à disposition comme "
"<emphasis>aperçu technologique</emphasis>, incluant le noyau et les outils "
"en espace utilisateur ainsi que les applications serveurs usuelles (mais "
"aucune fonctionnalité de bureau avancée). Ce fut la première fois qu'une "
"distribution Linux était étendue à l'utilisation d'un noyau autre que Linux. "

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:419
msgid ""
"The new release introduced a dependency based boot sequence, which allowed "
"for parallel init script processing, speeding system startup."
msgstr ""
"La nouvelle version introduisit une séquence de démarrage basée sur les "
"dépendances, ce qui permet la parallélisation de l'exécution des scripts "
"d'initialisation et accélère le démarrage du système."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:423
msgid ""
"Debian 7.0 <emphasis>Wheezy</emphasis> (May 2013): named for the rubber toy "
"penguin with a red bow tie."
msgstr ""
"Debian 7.0 <emphasis>Wheezy</emphasis> (mai 2013) : nom du manchot en "
"caoutchouc avec un nœud papillon rouge."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:427
msgid ""
"The release was frozen on June 30, 2012, very close to the Debian developers "
"gathering in the 12th DebConf at Managua, Nicaragua."
msgstr ""
"Cette version a été gelée le 30 :juin 2012 juste avant la conférence des "
"développeurs de la treizième conférence DebConf (DebConf12) qui s'est tenue "
"à Managua au Nicaragua."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:431
msgid ""
"One architecture was included in this release (armhf) and this release "
"introduced multi-arch support, which allowed users to install packages from "
"multiple architectures on the same machine.  Improvements in the "
"installation process allowed visually impaired people to install the system "
"using software speech for the first time."
msgstr ""
"L'architecture <emphasis>armhf</emphasis> a été incluse dans cette version "
"ainsi que la gestion multi-architecture, ce qui permet aux utilisateurs "
"d'installer des paquets d'architectures différentes sur la même machine. Des "
"améliorations dans le processus d'installation ont permis aux personnes "
"ayant une déficience visuelle d'installer le système en utilisant pour la "
"première fois le logiciel de synthèse vocale « speech »."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:438
msgid ""
"This was also the first release that supported the installation and booting "
"in devices using UEFI firmware."
msgstr ""
"C'était également la première version à gérer l'installation et le démarrage "
"sur des périphériques utilisant le micrologiciel UEFI."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:442
msgid ""
"Debian 8 <emphasis>Jessie</emphasis> (April 2015): named for the cow girl "
"doll who first appeared in Toy Story 2."
msgstr ""
"Debian 8.0 <emphasis>Jessie</emphasis> (avril 2015) : nom de la poupée "
"vachère qui apparut la première fois dans Toy Story 2."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:446
msgid ""
"This release introduced for the first time the systemd init system as "
"default.  Two new architectures were introduced: arm64 and ppc64el and three "
"architectures were dropped: s390 (replaced by s390x), ia64 and sparc.  The "
"Sparc architecture had been present in Debian for 16 years, but lacked "
"developer support to make it maintenable in the distribution."
msgstr ""
"Cette version a introduit pour la première fois le système d'initialisation "
"<emphasis>systemd</emphasis> par défaut. Deux nouvelles architectures ont "
"été introduites : arm64 et ppc64el. Trois architectures furent supprimées : "
"s390 (remplacée par s390x), ia64 et sparc. L'architecture sparc avait été "
"présente dans Debian pendant 16 ans mais manquait de développeurs pour la "
"garder dans la distribution."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:453
msgid ""
"The release included many security improvements such as a new kernel that "
"nullified a whole set of security vulnerabilities (symlink attacks), a new "
"way to detect packages which were under security support, more packages "
"built with hardened compiler flags and a new mecahnism (needrestart) to "
"detect sub-systems which had to be restarted in order to propagate security "
"updates after an upgrade."
msgstr ""
"De nombreuses améliorations de sécurité ont été introduites dans cette "
"version telles qu'un nouveau noyau qui supprimait de fait tout un ensemble "
"de vulnérabilités (attaque par liens symboliques), une nouvelle manière de "
"détecter les paquets qui possèdent une gestion de la sécurité, davantage de "
"paquets construits avec des options du compilateur renforçant la sécurité et "
"un nouveau mécanisme (needrestart) qui permet de détecter les sous-systèmes "
"qui nécessitent d'être redémarrés afin de propager les mises à jour de "
"sécurité après une mise à niveau."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:461
msgid ""
"Debian 9 <emphasis>Stretch</emphasis> (June 2017): named for the toy rubber "
"octopus with suckers on her eight long arms that appeared in Toy Story 3."
msgstr ""
"Debian 9 <emphasis>Stretch</emphasis> (juin 2017) : nom du poulpe en "
"caoutchouc qui possède des ventouses sur ses huit longs bras et qui apparut "
"dans Toy Story 3."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:465
msgid "The release was frozen on February 7th, 2017."
msgstr "Cette version fut gelée le 7 février 2017."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:468
msgid ""
"Support for the powerpc architecture was dropped in this release, whileas "
"the mips64el architecture was introduced.  This release introduced debug "
"packages with a new repository in the archive, packages from this repository "
"provided debug symbols automatically for packages."
msgstr ""
"La gestion de l'architecture powerpc fut supprimée alors que celle pour "
"l'architecture mips64el fut introduite. Cette version introduisit les "
"paquets de débogage avec un dépôt dédié dans l'archive. Ces paquets "
"fournissent automatiquement les symboles de débogage des paquets."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:474
msgid ""
"Debian 10 <emphasis>Buster</emphasis> (no release date yet): named for "
"Andy's pet dog, received as Christmas present in the end of Toy Story."
msgstr ""
"Debian 10 <emphasis>Buster</emphasis> (pas encore de date de publication) : "
"nom du chien d'Andy reçu comme cadeau de Noël apparaissant à la fin de Toy "
"Story."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:478
msgid ""
"Debian 11 <emphasis>Bullseye</emphasis> (no release date yet): named for "
"Woody's wooden toyhorse that appeared in Toy Story 2."
msgstr ""
"Debian 11 <emphasis>Bullseye</emphasis> (pas encore de date de "
"publication) : nom du cheval de Woody apparut dans Toy Story 2."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:483
msgid "A Detailed History"
msgstr "Historique détaillé"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:484
msgid "The 0.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 0.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:486
msgid ""
"Debian was begun in August 1993 by Ian Murdock, then an undergraduate at "
"Purdue University.  Debian was sponsored by the GNU Project of <ulink url="
"\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>The Free Software Foundation</ulink>, the "
"organization started by Richard Stallman and associated with the General "
"Public License (GPL), for one year -- from November 1994 to November 1995."
msgstr ""
"Debian a été créée en août 1993 par Ian Murdock alors qu'il était étudiant à "
"l'université de Purdue. Debian a été parrainée la première année (de "
"novembre 1994 à novembre 1995) par le projet GNU de  <ulink url=\"https://";
"www.fsf.org/\">The Free Software Foundation</ulink>, organisation créée par "
"Richard Stallman et associée à la licence « General Public Licence » (GPL)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:493
msgid ""
"Debian 0.01 through Debian 0.90 were released between August and December of "
"1993.  Ian Murdock writes:"
msgstr ""
"Les versions 0.01 jusqu'à 0.90 de Debian ont été publiées entre août et "
"décembre 1993. Ian Murdock écrivait alors :"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:497
msgid ""
"\"Debian 0.91 was released in January 1994.  It had a primitive package "
"system that allowed users to manipulate packages but that did little else "
"(it certainly didn't have dependencies or anything like that).  By this "
"time, there were a few dozen people working on Debian, though I was still "
"mostly putting together the releases myself.  0.91 was the last release done "
"in this way."
msgstr ""
"« La version 0.91 de Debian a été publiée en janvier 1994. Elle avait un "
"système primitif de gestion de paquets qui permettait aux utilisateurs de "
"manipuler les paquets mais n'autorisait pas grand-chose d'autre (il ne "
"possédait certainement pas de dépendances ou d'options analogues). À cette "
"époque, quelques dizaines de personnes travaillaient sur Debian, même si je "
"devais toujours assembler les versions moi-même. La version 0.91 fut la "
"dernière version faite de cette manière. »"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:504
msgid ""
"Most of 1994 was spent organizing the Debian Project so that others could "
"more effectively contribute, as well as working on <command>dpkg</command> "
"(Ian Jackson was largely responsible for this).  There were no releases to "
"the public in 1994 that I can remember, though there were several internal "
"releases as we worked to get the process right."
msgstr ""
"« Une grande partie de l'année 1994 a été consacrée à organiser le projet "
"Debian de façon à ce que les autres puissent plus directement contribuer, "
"comme pour la réalisation de <command>dpkg</command> (Ian Jackson fut très "
"largement responsable de cette dernière). Si je me souviens bien, il n'y a "
"pas eu de version officielle en 1994, bien que nous en ayons eu un certain "
"nombre en interne, à chaque fois que nous progressions dans l'avancement de "
"la distribution. »"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:511
msgid ""
"Debian 0.93 Release 5 happened in March 1995 and was the first \"modern\" "
"release of Debian: there were many more developers by then (though I can't "
"remember exactly how many), each maintaining their own packages, and "
"<command>dpkg</command> was being used to install and maintain all these "
"packages after a base system was installed."
msgstr ""
"« La Debian 0.93, en version 5, est sortie en mars 1995 et a été la première "
"version « moderne » de Debian : il n'y avait jamais eu autant de "
"développeurs (bien que je ne puisse me rappeler combien), chacun maintenait "
"ses propres paquets et <command>dpkg</command> était utilisé pour installer "
"et maintenir tous ces paquets après l'installation du système de base. »"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:518
msgid ""
"\"Debian 0.93 Release 6 happened in November 1995 and was the last a.out "
"release.  There were about sixty developers maintaining packages in 0.93R6.  "
"If I remember correctly, <command>dselect</command> first appeared in 0.93R6."
"\""
msgstr ""
"« La Debian 0.93, en version 6, est sortie en novembre 1995 et a été la "
"dernière version au format a.out. Il y avait environ 60 développeurs pour "
"maintenir les paquets de la version 0.93R6. Si je me souviens bien, "
"<command>dselect</command> a fait son apparition dans cette version. »"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:523
msgid ""
"Ian Murdock also notes that Debian 0.93R6 \"...  has always been my favorite "
"release of Debian\", although he admits to the possibility of some personal "
"bias, as he stopped actively working on the project in March 1996 during the "
"pre-production of Debian 1.0, which was actually released as Debian 1.1 to "
"avoid confusion after a CD-ROM manufacturer mistakenly labelled an "
"unreleased version as Debian 1.0.  That incident led to the concept of "
"\"official\" CD-ROM images, as a way for the project to help vendors avoid "
"this kind of mistake."
msgstr ""
"Ian Murdock fait aussi remarquer que la Debian 0.93R6 « [...] a été ma "
"version favorite de Debian » bien qu'il admette la possibilité d'être de "
"parti pris, puisqu'il avait arrêté de travailler activement sur le projet en "
"mars 1996 durant la pré-production de la Debian 1.0. Cette dernière fut "
"renommée 1.1 pour éviter toute confusion avec un fabricant de cédérom qui "
"avait nommé faussement 1.0 une version précédente. Cet incident mena au "
"concept d'images ISO « officielles », de façon à éviter aux vendeurs ce "
"genre de bévue."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:532
msgid ""
"During August 1995 (between Debian 0.93 Release 5 and Debian 0.93 Release "
"6), Hartmut Koptein started the first port for Debian, for the Motorola m68k "
"family.  He reports that \"Many, many packages were i386-centric (little "
"endian, -m486, -O6 and all for libc4) and it was a hard time to get a "
"starting base of packages on my machine (an Atari Medusa 68040, 32 MHz).  "
"After three months (in November 1995), I uploaded 200 packages from 250 "
"available packages, all for libc5!\" Later he started another port together "
"with Vincent Renardias and Martin Schulze, for the PowerPC family."
msgstr ""
"Durant le mois d'août 1995 (entre les versions 0.93R5 et 0.93R6 de Debian), "
"Hartmut Koptein a débuté le premier portage de Debian pour la famille des "
"Motorola m68k. Il disait que « de nombreux paquets étaient construits autour "
"de l'architecture i386 (« petit-boutiste », -m486, -O6 et tout ce genre "
"d'options de la bibliothèque libc4) et que cela a été un travail énorme que "
"d'avoir une base de paquets de départ sur ma machine (un Atari Medusa 68040, "
"32 MHz). Après trois mois (en novembre 1995), j'ai mis à disposition "
"200 paquets, sur les 250 disponibles, tous pour la bibliothèque libc5 ! ». "
"Plus tard, il commença un autre portage avec Vincent Renardias et Martin "
"Schulze, pour la famille des PowerPC."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:542
msgid ""
"Since this time, the Debian Project has grown to include several <ulink url="
"\"http://www.debian.org/ports/\";>ports</ulink> to other architectures, a "
"port to a new (non-Linux) kernel, the GNU Hurd microkernel, and at least one "
"flavor of BSD kernel."
msgstr ""
"À partir de ce moment, le projet Debian s'est développé et a ajouté de "
"nombreux <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/\";>portages</ulink> vers "
"d'autres architectures, un portage vers un nouveau noyau non Linux (le "
"micronoyau GNU Hurd), et au moins une version de noyau BSD."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:548
msgid ""
"An early member of the project, Bill Mitchell, remembers the Linux kernel"
msgstr ""
"Un des tout premiers membres du projet, Bill Mitchell, se rappelle au sujet "
"du noyau Linux :"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:551
msgid ""
"\"...  being between 0.99r8 and 0.99r15 when we got started.  For a long "
"time, I could build the kernel in less than 30 minutes on a 20 MHz 386-based "
"machine, and could also do a Debian install in that same amount of time in "
"under 10Mb of disk space."
msgstr ""
"« [...] On devait être entre la version 0.99r8 et 0.99r15 lorsqu'on a "
"débuté. Pendant très longtemps, j'étais capable de construire un noyau en "
"moins de 30 minutes sur une machine dotée d'un 386 à 20 MHz, et j'étais "
"ainsi capable d'installer une Debian dans le même temps avec moins de 10 Mo "
"d'espace disque. »"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:557
msgid ""
"\" ...  I recall the initial group as including Ian Murdock, myself, Ian "
"Jackson, another Ian who's surname I don't recall, Dan Quinlan, and some "
"other people who's names I don't recall.  Matt Welsh was either part of the "
"initial group or joined pretty early on (he has since left the project).  "
"Someone set up a mailing list, and we were off and running."
msgstr ""
"« [...] Je me souviens que l'équipe initiale comprenait Ian Murdock, moi-"
"même, Ian Jackson, un autre Ian dont le nom de famille m'échappe, Dan "
"Quinlan, et quelques autres personnes dont je ne me souviens pas des noms. "
"Matt Welsh faisait aussi partie du groupe initial, ou l'a rejoint tout au "
"début (il a depuis quitté le projet). Quelqu'un a créé une liste de "
"diffusion et nous nous sommes mis au travail. »"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:564
msgid ""
"As I recall, we didn't start off with a plan, and we didn't start off by "
"putting together a plan in any highly organized fashion.  Right from the "
"start, I do recall, we started off collecting up sources for a pretty random "
"collection of packages.  Over time, we came to focus on a collection of "
"items which would be required to put together the core of a distribution: "
"the kernel, a shell, update, getty, various other programs and support files "
"needed to init the system, and a set of core utilities.\""
msgstr ""
"« Si je me souviens bien, nous ne sommes pas partis d'un plan défini, et "
"nous n'avons pas commencé en définissant des objectifs avec une approche "
"très organisée. Dès le début, si je ne me trompe pas, nous avons rassemblé "
"aléatoirement les sources d'un certain nombre de paquets. Avec le temps, "
"nous avons fini par mettre au point une collection de composants qui "
"seraient nécessaires au cœur de la distribution : le noyau, un shell, "
"<command>update</command>, <command>getty</command>, de nombreux autres "
"programmes et fichiers de configuration requis pour initialiser le système "
"ainsi que tout un jeu d'utilitaires. »"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:572
msgid "The Early Debian Packaging System"
msgstr "Le premier gestionnaire de paquets de Debian"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:574
msgid ""
"At the very early stages of the Project, members considered distributing "
"source-only packages.  Each package would consist of the upstream source "
"code and a Debianized patch file, and users would untar the sources, apply "
"the patches, and compile binaries themselves.  They soon realized, however, "
"that some sort of binary distribution scheme would be needed.  The earliest "
"packaging tool, written by Ian Murdock and called <command>dpkg</command>, "
"created a package in a Debian-specific binary format, and could be used "
"later to unpack and install the files in the package."
msgstr ""
"Aux tout premiers pas du projet, ses membres ont choisi de ne distribuer que "
"les paquets source. Chaque paquet serait composé du code source amont ainsi "
"que d'une rustine pour Debian. Les utilisateurs n'auraient alors qu'à "
"« décompresser » les sources, appliquer les rustines puis compiler eux-"
"mêmes. Ils ont cependant compris très tôt qu'une distribution sous forme "
"d'exécutables serait nécessaire. Le premier outil d'empaquetage, écrit par "
"Ian Murdock et appelé dpkg, créait un paquet dans un format binaire "
"spécifique à Debian et pouvait être utilisé plus tard pour dépaqueter et "
"installer les fichiers d'un paquet."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:584
msgid ""
"Ian Jackson soon took over the development of the packaging tool, renaming "
"the tool itself <command>dpkg-deb</command> and writing a front-end program "
"he named <command>dpkg</command> to facilitate the use of <command>dpkg-deb</"
"command> and provide the <emphasis>Dependencies</emphasis> and "
"<emphasis>Conflicts</emphasis> of today's Debian system.  The packages "
"produced by these tools had a header listing the version of the tool used to "
"create the package and an offset within the file to a <command>tar</command>-"
"produced archive, which was separated from the header by some control "
"information."
msgstr ""
"Ian Jackson a ensuite rapidement repris le développement de l'outil "
"d'empaquetage, en renommant l'outil lui-même <command>dpkg-deb</command> et "
"en écrivant une interface qu'il appela <command>dpkg</command> pour "
"faciliter l'utilisation de <command>dpkg-deb</command> et introduire les "
"notions de <emphasis>dépendances</emphasis> et <emphasis>conflits</emphasis> "
"du système Debian d'aujourd'hui. Les paquets fabriqués à partir de ces "
"outils possédaient un en-tête avec la version de l'outil utilisé pour créer "
"le paquet et un fichier à l'intérieur duquel se trouvait l'archive sous "
"forme compressée (tar), lequel était séparé de l'en-tête par des "
"informations de contrôle."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:595
msgid ""
"At about this time some debate arose between members of the project -- some "
"felt that the Debian-specific format created by <command>dpkg-deb</command> "
"should be dropped in favor of the format produced by the <command>ar</"
"command> program.  After several revised file formats and correspondingly-"
"revised packaging tools, the <command>ar</command> format was adopted.  The "
"key value of this change is that it makes it possible for a Debian package "
"to be un-packaged on any Unix-like system without the need to run an "
"untrusted executable.  In other words, only standard tools present on every "
"Unix system like 'ar' and 'tar' are required to unpack a Debian binary "
"package and examine the contents."
msgstr ""
"C'est à ce moment qu'un débat a pris forme au sein des membres du projet.  "
"Certains préconisaient l'abandon du format spécifique de Debian créé par "
"<command>dpkg-deb</command> en faveur du format de l'outil <command>ar</"
"command>. Après de nombreuses versions de format de fichiers, et autant "
"d'adaptations des outils d'empaquetage, le format <command>ar</command> fut "
"adopté. La valeur ajoutée de ce changement fut la possibilité pour un paquet "
"Debian d'être dépaqueté sur n'importe quel système Unix sans avoir besoin de "
"lancer un exécutable auxiliaire. En d'autres mots, seuls les outils standard "
"présents sur chaque système Unix comme « ar » ou « tar » sont nécessaires au "
"dépaquetage d'un paquet binaire Debian pour en examiner le contenu."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:610
msgid "The 1.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 1.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:612
msgid ""
"When Ian Murdock left Debian, he appointed Bruce Perens as the next leader "
"of the project.  Bruce first became interested in Debian while he was "
"attempting to create a Linux distribution CD to be called \"Linux for Hams"
"\", which would include all of the Linux software useful to ham radio "
"operators.  Finding that the Debian core system would require much further "
"work to support his project, Bruce ended up working heavily on the base "
"Linux system and related installation tools, postponing his ham radio "
"distribution, including organizing (with Ian Murdock) the first set of "
"Debian install scripts, eventually resulting in the Debian Rescue Floppy "
"that was a core component of the Debian installation toolset for several "
"releases."
msgstr ""
"Lorsque Ian Murdock quitta Debian, il nomma Bruce Perens comme successeur. "
"Bruce s'était initialement intéressé à Debian alors qu'il essayait de créer "
"une distribution de Linux sur cédérom nommée « Linux for Hams », qui devait "
"inclure tous les logiciels Linux intéressant les opérateurs de radio "
"amateur. Constatant que le cœur du système Debian nécessitait encore bien "
"plus de développement pour correspondre à son projet, Bruce s'est mis à "
"travailler intensivement sur le système de base et les outils relatifs à "
"l'installation, en remettant ses projets à plus tard. Son travail incluait "
"l'assemblage (avec Ian Murdock) du premier ensemble des scripts "
"d'installation de Debian, qui ont permis de créer la disquette de secours, "
"qui a été un composant essentiel de la panoplie d'outils d'installation de "
"Debian pour plusieurs versions."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:624
msgid "Ian Murdock states:"
msgstr "Ian Murdock raconte :"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:627
msgid ""
"\"Bruce was the natural choice to succeed me, as he had been maintaining the "
"base system for nearly a year, and he had been picking up the slack as the "
"amount of time I could devote to Debian declined rapidly.\""
msgstr ""
"« Bruce fut le candidat naturel à ma succession car il maintenait le système "
"de base depuis près d'un an. Il a pu ainsi combler le vide dû au fait que le "
"temps que je pouvais consacrer à Debian déclinait rapidement. »"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:632
msgid ""
"He initiated several important facets of the project, including coordinating "
"the effort to produce the Debian Free Software Guidelines and the Debian "
"Social Contract, and initiating an Open Hardware Project.  During his time "
"as Project Leader, Debian gained market share and a reputation as a platform "
"for serious, technically-capable Linux users."
msgstr ""
"Il lança un certain nombre d'éléments importants du projet, incluant la "
"coordination des efforts pour écrire les <emphasis>principes du logiciel "
"libre selon Debian</emphasis> et le <emphasis>Contrat Social de Debian</"
"emphasis> ainsi que le démarrage de l'<emphasis>Open Hardware Project</"
"emphasis>. Pendant la durée de ses fonctions de chef de Projet, Debian a "
"gagné des parts de marché et une réputation de plate-forme pour utilisateurs "
"de Linux sérieux et compétents."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:639
msgid ""
"Bruce Perens also spearheaded the effort to create <ulink url=\"http://www.";
"spi-inc.org/\">Software in the Public Interest, Inc.</ulink>.  Originally "
"intended to provide the Debian Project with a legal entity capable of "
"accepting donations, its aims quickly expanded to include supporting free "
"software projects outside the Debian Project."
msgstr ""
"Bruce Perens aussi mena l'effort pour créer la société <ulink url=\"https://";
"www.spi-inc.org/\">Software in the Public Interest</ulink>. Destinée à "
"l'origine à fournir un cadre légal au projet Debian permettant l'acceptation "
"de donations, elle devint rapidement une entité soutenant des projets de "
"logiciels libres en dehors de Debian. "

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:646
msgid "The following Debian versions were released during this time:"
msgstr ""
"Voici les différentes versions de Debian publiées pendant cette période :"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:651
msgid ""
"1.1 <emphasis>Buzz</emphasis> released June 1996 (474 packages, 2.0 kernel, "
"fully ELF, <command>dpkg</command>)"
msgstr ""
"1.1 <emphasis>Buzz</emphasis>, sortie en juin 1996 (474 paquets, noyau 2.0, "
"entièrement au format ELF, <command>dpkg</command>) ;"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:657
msgid ""
"1.2 <emphasis>Rex</emphasis> released December 1996 (848 packages, 120 "
"developers)"
msgstr ""
"1.2 <emphasis>Rex</emphasis>, sortie en décembre 1996 (848 paquets, "
"120 développeurs) ;"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:663
msgid ""
"1.3 <emphasis>Bo</emphasis> released July 1997 (974 packages, 200 developers)"
msgstr ""
"1.3 <emphasis>Bo</emphasis>, sortie en juillet 1997 (974 paquets, "
"200 développeurs)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:668
msgid ""
"There were several interim \"point\" releases made to 1.3, with the last "
"being 1.3.1R6."
msgstr ""
"Il y a eu quelques versions intermédiaires pour la version 1.3, la dernière "
"portant le numéro 1.3.1R6."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:672
msgid ""
"Bruce Perens was replaced by Ian Jackson as Debian Project Leader at the "
"beginning of January, 1998, after leading the project much of the way "
"through the preparation for the 2.0 release."
msgstr ""
"Bruce Perens a été remplacé par Ian Jackson comme chef de Projet Debian au "
"début du mois de janvier 1998, après avoir amené le projet à la préparation "
"de la version 2.0."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:678
msgid "The 2.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 2.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:680
msgid ""
"Ian Jackson became the Leader of the Debian Project at the beginning of "
"1998, and was shortly thereafter added to the board of Software in the "
"Public Interest in the capacity of Vice President.  After the resignation of "
"the Treasurer (Tim Sailer), President (Bruce Perens), and Secretary (Ian "
"Murdock), he became President of the Board and three new members were "
"chosen: Martin Schulze (Vice President), Dale Scheetz (Secretary), and Nils "
"Lohner (Treasurer)."
msgstr ""
"Ian Jackson est devenu le responsable du Projet Debian au début de "
"l'année 1998 et tout de suite après vice-président de la <emphasis>Software "
"in the Public Interest</emphasis>. Après la démission du trésorier (Tim "
"Sailer), du président (Bruce Perens) et du secrétaire (Ian Murdock), il est "
"devenu président et trois nouveaux membres furent choisis : Martin Schulze "
"(vice-président), Dale Scheetz (secrétaire) et Nils Lohner (trésorier)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:689
msgid ""
"Debian 2.0 (<emphasis>Hamm</emphasis>) was released July 1998 for the Intel "
"i386 and Motorola 68000 series architectures.  This release marked the move "
"to a new version of the system C libraries (glibc2 or for historical reasons "
"libc6).  At the time of release, there were 1500+ packages maintained by "
"more than 400 Debian developers."
msgstr ""
"La version 2.0 de Debian (<emphasis>Hamm</emphasis>) est sortie "
"en juillet 1998 pour les architectures de processeur Intel i386 et Motorola "
"68000. Cette version se caractérisait par l'introduction d'une nouvelle "
"version des bibliothèques C (libc6 reposant sur la glibc2). Au moment de sa "
"sortie, il y avait plus de 1 500 paquets maintenus par plus de "
"400 développeurs Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:696
msgid ""
"Wichert Akkerman succeeded Ian Jackson as Debian Project Leader in January "
"of 1999.  <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/releases/slink/\";>Debian 2.1</"
"ulink> was <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/News/1999/19990309\";>released</"
"ulink> on 09 March, 1999, after being delayed by a week when a few last-"
"minute issues arose."
msgstr ""
"Wichert Akkerman succéda à Ian Jackson comme chef du Projet Debian en "
"janvier 1999. <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/slink/";
"\">Debian 2.1</ulink> fut <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/";
"News/1999/19990309\">publiée</ulink> le 9 mars 1999, après avoir été "
"repoussée d'une semaine à la suite de quelques soucis de dernière minute."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:703
msgid ""
"Debian 2.1 (<emphasis>Slink</emphasis>) featured official support for two "
"new architectures: <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/alpha/\";>Alpha</"
"ulink> and <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/sparc/\";>Sparc</ulink>.  "
"The X-Windows packages included with Debian 2.1 were greatly reorganized "
"from previous releases, and 2.1 included <command>apt</command>, the next-"
"generation Debian package manager interface.  Also, this release of Debian "
"was the first to require 2 CD-ROMs for the \"Official Debian CD set\"; the "
"distribution included about 2250 packages."
msgstr ""
"Dans la version 2.1 de Debian (<emphasis>Slink</emphasis>) figurait deux "
"nouvelles architectures : <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/alpha/";
"\">Alpha</ulink> et <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/sparc/";
"\">Sparc</ulink>. Les paquets du système X-Windows inclus dans cette version "
"furent grandement réorganisés par rapport aux versions précédentes, et cette "
"version vit l'inclusion de <command>apt</command>, l'interface de gestion de "
"paquets nouvelle génération. Enfin, cette version a été la première à "
"demander 2 CD pour l'ensemble officiel de CD Debian. La distribution "
"comportait environ 2 250 paquets."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:713
msgid ""
"On 21 April 1999, <ulink url=\"http://www.corel.com/\";>Corel Corporation</"
"ulink> and the <ulink url=\"http://www.kde.org/\";>K Desktop Project</ulink> "
"effectively formed an alliance with Debian when Corel announced its "
"intentions to release a Linux distribution based on Debian and the desktop "
"environment produced by the KDE group.  During the following spring and "
"summer months, another Debian-based distribution, Storm Linux, appeared, and "
"the Debian Project chose a new <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/logos/";
"\">logo</ulink>, featuring both an Official version for use on Debian-"
"sanctioned materials such as CD-ROMs and official Project web sites, and an "
"Unofficial logo for use on material mentioning or derived from Debian."
msgstr ""
"Le 21 avril 1999, l'entreprise <ulink url=\"https://www.corel.com/\";>Corel</"
"ulink> et le projet de bureau <ulink url=\"https://www.kde.org/\";>KDE</"
"ulink> formèrent une alliance avec Debian quand Corel annonça son intention "
"de publier une distribution Linux basée sur Debian et l'environnement de "
"bureau KDE. Une nouvelle distribution basée sur Debian, Storm Linux, apparut "
"durant les mois suivants et le projet Debian choisit un nouveau <ulink url="
"\"https://www.debian.org/logos/\";>logo</ulink>, avec une déclinaison "
"officielle pour tout matériel griffé Debian tel que CD et sites internet, et "
"une autre non officielle à utiliser pour tout matériel mentionnant ou dérivé "
"de Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:725
msgid ""
"A new, unique, Debian port also began at this time, for the <ulink url="
"\"http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/\";>Hurd</ulink> port.  This is the first "
"port to use a non-Linux kernel, instead using the <ulink url=\"http://www.";
"gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd.html\">GNU Hurd</ulink>, a version of the GNU "
"Mach microkernel."
msgstr ""
"Un nouveau et unique portage de Debian débuta également à cette époque, "
"celui pour <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/\";>Hurd</ulink>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:732
msgid ""
"Debian 2.2 (<emphasis>Potato</emphasis>) was released August 15th, 2000 for "
"the Intel i386, Motorola 68000 series, alpha, SUN Sparc, PowerPC and ARM "
"architectures.  This was the first release including PowerPC and ARM ports.  "
"At the time of release, there were 3900+ binary and 2600+ source packages "
"maintained by more than 450 Debian developers."
msgstr ""
"Debian 2.2 (<emphasis>Potato</emphasis>) est sortie le 15 août 2000 pour les "
"architectures de processeurs Intel i386, Motorola 68000, Alpha, SUN Sparc, "
"PowerPC et ARM. Elle a été la première version à inclure les portages pour "
"PowerPC et ARM. Au moment de sa sortie, il y avait plus de 3 900 paquets "
"binaires et 2 600 paquets source maintenus par plus de 450 développeurs "
"Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:741
msgid ""
"The <ulink url=\"http://debian-counting.libresoft.es/potato/\";>raw "
"statistics data</ulink> for Potato are also available at <ulink url=\"http://";
"debian-counting.libresoft.es/\">Debian counting site</ulink>, as well as "
"papers analyzing later releases."
msgstr ""
"Les <ulink url=\"https://debian-counting.libresoft.es/potato/\";>données "
"statistiques brutes</ulink> pour Potato sont aussi disponibles sur le <ulink "
"url=\"https://debian-counting.libresoft.es/\";>site de comptage de Debian</"
"ulink>, ainsi que des études analysant les versions suivantes."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:739
msgid ""
"An interesting fact about Debian 2.2 is that it showed how an free software "
"effort could lead to a modern operating system despite all the issues around "
"it.  This was studied<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> thoroughly by "
"a group of interested people in an article called <ulink url=\"http://pascal.";
"case.unibz.it/retrieve/3246/counting-potatoes.html\">Counting potatoes</"
"ulink> quoting from this article:"
msgstr ""
"Un fait intéressant à propos de Debian 2.2 fut de montrer comment un effort "
"collectif permit d'aboutir à un système d'exploitation moderne malgré tous "
"les problèmes rencontrés. Cela fut étudié<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id="
"\"0\"/> en détail par un groupe de recherche et publié dans un article "
"intitulé <ulink url=\"http://pascal.case.unibz.it/retrieve/3246/counting-";
"potatoes.html\">Counting potatoes</ulink> (comptage de pommes de terre). "
"Extrait de cet article : "

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:751
msgid ""
"<emphasis>\"[...] we use David A.  Wheeler's sloccount system to determine "
"the number of physical source lines of code (SLOC) of Debian 2.2 (aka "
"potato).  We show that Debian 2.2 includes more than 55,000,000 physical "
"SLOC (almost twice than Red Hat 7.1, released about 8 months later), showing "
"that the Debian development model (based on the work of a large group of "
"voluntary developers spread around the world) is at least as capable as "
"other development methods [...] It is also shown that if Debian had been "
"developed using traditional proprietary methods, the COCOMO model estimates "
"that its cost would be close to $1.9 billion USD to develop Debian 2.2.  In "
"addition, we offer both an analysis of the programming languages used in the "
"distribution (C amounts for about 70%, C++ for about 10%, LISP and Shell are "
"around 5%, with many others to follow), and the largest packages (Mozilla, "
"the Linux kernel, PM3, XFree86, etc.)\"</emphasis>"
msgstr ""
"« [...] nous avons utilisé le système sloccount de David A. Wheeler pour "
"déterminer le nombre de lignes de code source physiques (SLOC) de Debian 2.2 "
"(<emphasis>Potato</emphasis>). Nous avons montré que Debian 2.2 contenait "
"plus de 55 millions de SLOC physiques (presque deux fois plus que "
"Red Hat 7.1, sortie environ 8 mois plus tard), et démontrant que le modèle "
"de développement de Debian (basé sur le travail d'un groupe important de "
"développeurs volontaires répartis dans le monde) est au moins aussi efficace "
"que d'autres méthodes de développement [...] Nous avons également montré que "
"si Debian avait été développée avec les méthodes propriétaires habituelles, "
"le modèle COCOMO estime que le coût de Debian 2.2 aurait été proche de "
"1,9 milliard de dollars américains. De plus, nous avons fourni une analyse "
"des langages de programmation utilisés dans la distribution (C à 70 %, C++ à "
"10 %, LISP et Shell à 5 %, puis les autres), et des paquets les plus "
"importants (Mozilla, le noyau Linux, PM3, XFree86, etc.). »"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:767
msgid "The 3.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 3.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:769
msgid ""
"Before woody could even begin to be prepared for release, a change to the "
"archive system on ftp-master had to be made.  Package pools, which enabled "
"special purpose distributions, such as the new \"Testing\" distribution used "
"for the first time to get woody ready for release, were <ulink url=\"http://";
"lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0012/msg00004.html\">activated on ftp-"
"master</ulink> in mid December 2000.  A package pool is just a collection of "
"different versions of a given package, from which multiple distributions "
"(currently experimental, unstable, testing, and stable) can draw packages, "
"which are then included in that distribution's Packages file."
msgstr ""
"Avant même le début de la préparation de la publication de Woody, un "
"changement dans le système d'archive sur ftp-master fut nécessaire. Le "
"regroupement de paquets (pools) permettant la publication de version à buts "
"spécifiques telle que la nouvelle version « testing » apparue pour la "
"première fois pour la préparation de la publication de Woody a été  <ulink "
"url=\"http:/i/lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0012/msg00004.html"
"\">activée sur ftp-master</ulink> à la mi-décembre de l'an 2000. Un pool de "
"paquets est simplement une collection d'un même paquet mais de version "
"différente (expérimental, instable, testing et stable) d'où sont tirés les "
"paquets qui seront ensuite inclus dans le fichier Package de la distribution."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:780
msgid ""
"At the same time a new distribution <emphasis>testing</emphasis> was "
"introduced.  Mainly, packages from unstable that are said to be stable moved "
"to testing (after a period of a few weeks).  This was introduced in order to "
"reduce freeze time and give the project the ability to prepare a new release "
"at any time."
msgstr ""
"Au même moment, la nouvelle distribution <emphasis>testing</emphasis> fut "
"introduite. Le principe était de déplacer dans <emphasis>testing</emphasis> "
"les paquets de <emphasis>unstable</emphasis> annoncés stables, après une "
"période de quelques semaines. Cela a été introduit pour réduire le temps de "
"gel et donner au projet la possibilité de préparer une nouvelle version à "
"n'importe quel moment."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:787
msgid ""
"In that period, some of the companies that were shipping modified versions "
"of Debian closed down.  Corel sold its Linux division in the first quarter "
"of 2001, Stormix declared bankruptcy on January 17th 2001, and Progeny "
"ceased development of its distribution on October 1st, 2001."
msgstr ""
"À cette époque, certaines des sociétés qui distribuaient des versions "
"modifiées de Debian fermèrent définitivement. Corel vendit sa division Linux "
"lors du premier trimestre 2001, Stormix déclara faillite le 17 janvier 2001, "
"et Progeny arrêta le développement de sa distribution le 1er octobre 2001."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:793
msgid ""
"The freeze for the next release started on July 1st 2001.  However, it took "
"the project a little more than a year to get to the next release, due to "
"<ulink url=\"http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0104/msg00004.html";
"\">problems in boot-floppies</ulink>, because of the introduction of "
"cryptographic software in the main archive and due to the changes in the "
"underlying architecture (the incoming archive and the security "
"architecture).  In that time, however, the stable release (Debian 2.2) was "
"revised up to seven times, and two Project Leaders were elected: Ben Collins "
"(in 2001) and Bdale Garbee.  Also, work in many areas of Debian besides "
"packaging kept growing, including internationalization, Debian's web site "
"(over a thousand web pages) was translated into over 20 different languages, "
"and installation for the next release was ready in 23 languages.  Two "
"internal projects: Debian Junior (for children) and Debian Med (for medical "
"practice and research) started during the woody release time frame providing "
"the project with different focuses to make Debian suitable for those tasks."
msgstr ""
"Le gel de la prochaine version a débuté le premier juillet 2001. Cependant, "
"plus d'un an fut nécessaire pour finalement publier cette version, et cela "
"en raison <ulink url=\"http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0104/";
"msg00004.html\">de problèmes avec les disquettes de démarrage</ulink>, eux-"
"même découlant de l'introduction de logiciels de cryptage dans l'archive "
"principale et dû aux changements dans l'architecture sous-jacente (l'archive "
"entrante et l'architecture de sécurité). Toutefois, pendant cette durée, la "
"version stable (Debian 2.2) a été révisée sept fois et deux chefs de Projet "
"furent élus : Ben Collins (en 2001) et Bdale Garbee. En parallèle, maints "
"travaux dans divers domaines autres que l'empaquetage furent menés, en "
"incluant la traduction du site internet (plus de mille pages) dans plus de "
"vingt langues. Deux autres projets internes (Debian Junior et Debian Med) "
"furent lancés durant la phase de préparation de Woody ce qui permit à Debian "
"de mettre l'accent sur ces tâches spécifiques."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:810
msgid ""
"The work around Debian didn't stop the developers from organizing an annual "
"meeting called <ulink url=\"http://www.debconf.org\";>DebConf</ulink>.  The "
"first meeting was held from the 2nd to the 5th of July together with the "
"Libre Software Meeting (LSM) at Bordeaux (France) gathered around forty "
"Debian developers.  The second conference took place in Toronto (Canada) "
"July 5th 2002 with over eighty participants."
msgstr ""
"Tout ce travail autour de Debian n'empêcha pas les développeurs d'organiser "
"la conférence annuelle appelée <ulink url=\"https://www.debconf.org";
"\">DebConf</ulink>. La première édition fut tenue entre le 2 juillet et le "
"5 juillet ensemble avec la réunion du logiciel libre (Libre Software "
"Meeting) à Bordeaux en France. Cet événement réunit environ quarante "
"développeurs Debian. La deuxième conférence fut tenue à Toronto au Canada le "
"5 juillet 2002 et plus de huitante développeurs y participèrent."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:818
msgid ""
"Debian 3.0 (<emphasis>woody</emphasis>) was released July 19th, 2002 for the "
"Intel i386, Motorola 68000 series, alpha, SUN Sparc, PowerPC, ARM, HP PA-"
"RISC, IA-64, MIPS, MIPS (DEC) and IBM s/390 architectures.  This is the "
"first release including HP PA-RISC, IA-64, MIPS, MIPS (DEC) and IBM s/390 "
"ports.  At the time of release, there were around 8500 binary packages "
"maintained by over nine hundred Debian developers, becoming the first "
"release to be available on DVD media as well as CD-ROMs."
msgstr ""
"Debian 3.0 (<emphasis>Woody</emphasis>) est sortie le 19 juillet 2002 pour "
"les architectures de processeurs Intel i386, Motorola 68000, Alpha, SUN "
"Sparc, PowerPC, ARM, HP PA-RISC, IA-64, MIPS, MIPS (DEC) et IBM s/390. Elle "
"fut la première version à inclure les portages pour HP PA-RISC, IA-64, MIPS, "
"MIPS (DEC) et IBM s/390. Au moment de sa sortie, il y avait plus de "
"8 500 paquets binaires maintenus par plus d'un millier de développeurs "
"Debian, et elle fut la première version à être disponible aussi bien sous "
"forme de DVD-ROM que sous forme de CD-ROM."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:827
msgid ""
"Before the next release the <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> annual meeting "
"continued with the fourth conference taking place in Oslo from July 18th to "
"July 20th 2003 with over one hundred and twenty participants, with a "
"<emphasis>DebCamp</emphasis> preceding it, from July 12th to July 17th.  The "
"fifth conference took place from May 26th to June 2nd 2004 in Porto Alegre, "
"Brazil with over one hundred and sixty participants from twenty six "
"different countries."
msgstr ""
"En attendant la prochaine publication, les conférences Debian annuelles "
"continuaient : la quatrième s'est tenue à Oslo du 18 juillet au "
"20 juillet 2003 avec plus de cent vingt participants, précédée d'un "
"<emphasis>DebCamp</emphasis> du 12 juillet au 17 juillet. La cinquième "
"conférence s'est tenue du 26 mai au 2 juin 2004 à Porto Alegre au Brésil et "
"a rassemblé plus de cent soixante participants venant de vingt-six pays "
"différents."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:836
msgid ""
"Debian 3.1 (<emphasis>sarge</emphasis>) was released June 6th, 2005 for the "
"same architectures as <emphasis>woody</emphasis>, although an unofficial "
"AMD64 port was released at the same time using the project hosting "
"infrastructure provided for the distribution and available at <ulink url="
"\"https://alioth.debian.org\";>https://alioth.debian.org</ulink>.  There were "
"around 15,000 binary packages maintained by more than one thousand and five "
"hundred Debian developers."
msgstr ""
"Debian 3.1 (<emphasis>Sarge</emphasis>) est sortie le 6 juin 2005 pour les "
"mêmes architectures que <emphasis>Woody</emphasis>, bien qu'un portage AMD64 "
"non officiel ait été publié au même moment, en utilisant l'infrastructure "
"d'hébergement du projet disponible à <ulink url=\"https://alioth.debian.org";
"\">https://alioth.debian.org</ulink>. Il y avait alors environ "
"15 000 paquets binaires maintenus par plus de mille cinq cents développeurs "
"Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:845
msgid ""
"There were many major changes in the <emphasis>sarge</emphasis> release, "
"mostly due to the large time it took to freeze and release the "
"distribution.  Not only did this release update over 73% of the software "
"shipped in the previous version, but it also included much more software "
"than previous releases almost doubling in size with 9,000 new packages "
"including the OpenOffice suite, the Firefox web browser and the Thunderbird "
"e-mail client."
msgstr ""
"La version <emphasis>Sarge</emphasis> a connu de nombreux changements "
"majeurs, principalement en raison du temps important pris pour stabiliser et "
"publier la distribution. Cette version n'a pas seulement mis à jour plus de "
"73 % des logiciels fournis dans la version précédente, mais a aussi ajouté "
"plus de logiciels que les précédentes versions, en doublant presque de "
"taille, avec plus de 9 000 nouveaux paquets dont la suite OpenOffice, le "
"navigateur web Firefox et le client de messagerie électronique Thunderbird."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:853
msgid ""
"This release shipped with the 2.4 and 2.6 Linux kernel series, XFree86 4.3, "
"GNOME 2.8 and KDE 3.3 and with a brand new installer.  This new installer "
"replaced the aging boot-floppies installer with a modular design with "
"provided for more advanced installations (with RAID, XFS and LVM support) "
"including hardware detections and making installations easier for novice "
"users of all the architectures.  It also switched to <command>aptitude</"
"command> as the selected tool for package management.  But the installation "
"system also boasted full internationalization support as the software was "
"translated into almost forty languages.  The supporting documentation: "
"installation manual and release notes, were made available with the release "
"in ten and fifteen different languages respectively."
msgstr ""
"Cette version était livrée avec les séries 2.4 et 2.6 du noyau Linux, "
"XFree86 4.3, GNOME 2.8 et KDE 3.3 ainsi qu'un installateur flambant neuf. Ce "
"nouvel installateur a remplacé les disquettes d'amorçage vieillissantes par "
"une conception modulaire fournissant des installations modernes (avec la "
"prise en charge RAID, XFS et LVM) avec détection du matériel, facilitant "
"ainsi les installations pour les novices, quelle que soit l'architecture. "
"<command>Aptitude</command> est devenu l'outil de référence pour la gestion "
"des paquets. Le système d'installation peut aussi se vanter d'une gestion "
"complète de l'internationalisation puisqu'il a été traduit dans environ "
"quarante langues. La documentation, dont le manuel d'installation et les "
"notes de publication, ont été rendus disponibles lors de la publication dans "
"dix et quinze langues respectivement."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:866
msgid ""
"This release included the efforts of the Debian-Edu/Skolelinux, Debian-Med "
"and Debian-Accessibility sub-projects which boosted the number of "
"educational packages and those with a medical affiliation as well as "
"packages designed especially for people with disabilities."
msgstr ""
"Cette version incluait les efforts des sous-projets Debian-Edu/Skolelinux, "
"Debian-Med et Debian-Accessibility, qui ont augmenté le nombre de paquets "
"éducatifs, liés au domaine médical ainsi que ceux spécialement conçus pour "
"les personnes handicapées."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:872
msgid ""
"The sixth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> was held in Espoo, Finland, from July "
"10th to July 17th, 2005 with over three hundred participants.  <ulink url="
"\"http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2005/debconf5/\";>Videos</ulink> "
"from this conference are available online."
msgstr ""
"La sixième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> fut tenue à Espo en "
"Finlande entre le 10 et le 17 juillet 2005 avec plus de 300 participants. "
"Des <ulink url=\"http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2005/debconf5/";
"\">vidéos</ulink> de cette conférence sont disponibles en ligne."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:878
msgid ""
"The seventh <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> was held in Oaxtepec, Mexico, from "
"May 14th to May 22nd, 2006 with around <ulink url=\"https://gallery.debconf.";
"org/aigars/dc6_group_photo_big\">two hundred</ulink> participants.  <ulink "
"url=\"http://meetings-archive.debian.net/pub/debian-meetings/2006/debconf6/";
"\">Videos</ulink> and <ulink url=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/";
"debconf6\">pictures</ulink> from this conference are available online."
msgstr ""
"La septième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> fut tenue à Oaxtepec au "
"Mexique entre le 14 et le 22 mai 2006 avec plus de <ulink url=\"https://";
"gallery.debconf.org/aigars/dc6_group_photo_big\">200 participants</ulink>. "
"Des <ulink url=\"http://meetings-archive.debian.net/pub/debian-meetings/2006/";
"debconf6/\">vidéos</ulink> et <ulink url=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/";
"debconf6\">photos</ulink> sont disponible en ligne."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:888
msgid "The 4.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 4.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:890
msgid ""
"Debian 4.0 (<emphasis>etch</emphasis>) was <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.";
"org/News/2007/20070408\">released</ulink> April 8th, 2007 for the same "
"number of architectures as in <emphasis>sarge</emphasis>.  This included the "
"AMD64 port but dropped support for m68k.  The m68k port was, however, still "
"available in the <emphasis>unstable</emphasis> distribution.  There were "
"around 18,200 binary packages maintained by more than one thousand and "
"thirty Debian developers."
msgstr ""
"Debian 4.0 <emphasis>Etch</emphasis> a été <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.";
"org/News/2007/20070408\">publiée</ulink> le 8 avril 2007 avec le même nombre "
"d'architectures que celle de <emphasis>Sarge</emphasis>. Elle incluait le "
"portage pour AMD64 mais avait laissé tombé celui pour m68k. Ce dernier était "
"toutefois encore disponible dans la distribution <emphasis>unstable</"
"emphasis>. Elle contenait environ 18 200 paquets binaires maintenus par plus "
"de 1 030 développeurs Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:900
msgid "The 5.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 5.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:902
msgid ""
"Debian 5.0 (<emphasis>lenny</emphasis>) was <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.";
"org/News/2009/20090214\">released</ulink> February 14th, 2009 for one more "
"architecture than its predecessor, <emphasis>etch</emphasis>.  This included "
"the port for newer ARM processors.  As with the previous release, support "
"for the m68k architecture was still available in <emphasis>unstable</"
"emphasis>.  There were around 23,000 binary packages (built from over 12,000 "
"source packages) maintained by more than one thousand and ten Debian "
"developers."
msgstr ""
"Debian 5.0 <emphasis>Lenny</emphasis> a été <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.";
"org/News/2009/20090214\">publiée</ulink> le 14 février 2009 avec une "
"architecture de plus que son prédécesseur <emphasis>Etch</emphasis>. Elle "
"incluait le portage pour les nouveaux processeurs ARM. Comme pour la version "
"précédente, le portage pour l'architecture m68k était encore disponible dans "
"<emphasis>unstable</emphasis>. Elle contenait environ 23 000 paquets "
"binaires (construits à partir de plus de 12 000 paquets source) maintenus "
"par plus de 1 010 développeurs Debian."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:912
msgid ""
"With the release of Debian lenny, the naming scheme for point releases was "
"<ulink url=\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2009/02/msg00003.";
"html\">changed</ulink>: point releases will use a true micro version number, "
"so the first point release of Debian lenny will be 5.0.1. In the past point "
"releases were named by an <emphasis>r</emphasis> plus the number appended to "
"major and minor number, e.g. 4.0r1."
msgstr ""
"Avec la publication de Debian Lenny intervint un <ulink url=\"https://lists.";
"debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2009/02/msg00003.html\">changement</ulink> "
"dans la façon de nommer les versions intermédiaires. Ces versions "
"utiliseraient dès lors un vrai micro numéro de version, ainsi la première "
"version intermédiaire de Lenny était 5.0.1. Par le passé, un <emphasis>r</"
"emphasis> auquel on accolait un numéro majeur et mineur (p. ex. 4.0r1) "
"définissait la version intermédiaire."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:921
msgid ""
"The eighth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> was held in Edinburgh, Scotland, "
"from June 17th to 23th, 2007 with over four hundred participants.  <ulink "
"url=\"http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2007/debconf7/\";>Videos</"
"ulink> and <ulink url=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/debconf7\";>pictures</"
"ulink> from this conference are available online."
msgstr ""
"La huitième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> fut tenue à Édimbourg en "
"Écosse du 17 au 23 juin 2007 avec plus de 400 participants. Des <ulink url="
"\"http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2007/debconf7/\";>vidéos</ulink> "
"et <ulink url=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/debconf7\";>photos</ulink> de "
"cette conférences sont disponibles en ligne."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:928
msgid ""
"The ninth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> was held in Mar de Plata, Argentina, "
"from August 10th to 16th, 2008 with over <ulink url=\"https://gallery.";
"debconf.org/v/debconf8/karora/OfficialPhoto.jpg.html\">two hundred</ulink> "
"participants.  <ulink url=\"http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2008/";
"debconf8/\">Videos</ulink> and <ulink url=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/v/";
"debconf8/\">pictures</ulink> from this conference are available online."
msgstr ""
"La neuvième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> fut tenue à Mar de Plata "
"en Argentine du 10 au 16 août 2008 avec plus de <ulink url=\"https://gallery.";
"debconf.org/v/debconf8/karora/OfficialPhoto.jpg.html\">deux cents</ulink> "
"participants. Des <ulink url=\"http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-";
"meetings/2008/debconf8/\">vidéos</ulink> et <ulink url=\"https://gallery.";
"debconf.org/v/debconf8/\">photos</ulink> de cette conférence sont "
"disponibles en ligne."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:937
msgid ""
"The tenth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> was held in Caceres, Spain, from July "
"23th to 30th, 2009 with over <ulink url=\"http://wiki.debconf.org/wiki/";
"DebConf9/Pictures/GroupPhoto\">two hundred</ulink> participants.  <ulink url="
"\"http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2009/debconf9/\";>Videos</ulink> "
"and <ulink url=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/v/debconf9/\";>pictures</ulink> "
"from this conference are available online."
msgstr ""
"La dixième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> fut tenue à Caceres en "
"Espagne du 23 au 30 juillet 2009 avec plus de <ulink url=\"http://wiki.";
"debconf.org/wiki/DebConf9/Pictures/GroupPhoto\">deux cents</ulink> "
"participants. Des <ulink url=\"http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-";
"meetings/2009/debconf9/\">vidéos</ulink> et <ulink url=\"https://gallery.";
"debconf.org/v/debconf9/\">photos</ulink> de cette conférence sont "
"disponibles en ligne."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:946
msgid ""
"The eleventh <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> was held in New York City, United "
"States of America, from August 1st to 7th, 2010 with DebCamp preceding it "
"from July 25th to 31st.  Over <ulink url=\"http://wiki.debconf.org/wiki/";
"DebConf10/GroupPhoto\">200 people</ulink> including Debian developers, "
"maintainers, users gathered at the Columbia Campus to participate in the "
"conference.  <ulink url=\"http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2010/";
"debconf10/\">Videos</ulink> and <ulink url=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/v/";
"debconf10/\">pictures</ulink> from this conference are available online."
msgstr ""
"La onzième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> fut tenue à New York City "
"aux États-Unis du premier au 7 août 2010 avec le DebCamp la précédent du 25 "
"au 31 juillet. Plus de <ulink url=\"http://wiki.debconf.org/wiki/DebConf10/";
"GroupPhoto\">200 personnes</ulink> incluant des développeurs Debian, des "
"gestionnaires de paquets et des utilisateurs se sont côtoyés sur le campus "
"de Columbia et participèrent à la conférence. Des <ulink url=\"http://ftp.";
"acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2010/debconf10/\">vidéos</ulink> et <ulink "
"url=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/v/debconf10/\";>photos</ulink> de cette "
"conférence sont disponibles en ligne."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:958
msgid "The 6.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 6.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:960
msgid ""
"Debian 6.0 (<emphasis>squeeze</emphasis>) was released February 6th, 2011."
msgstr ""
"Debian 6.0 <emphasis>Squeeze</emphasis> a été publiée le 6 février 2011."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:963
msgid ""
"After the project decided, the 29th of July 2009, to <ulink url=\"http://www.";
"debian.org/News/2009/20090729\">adopt time-based freezes</ulink> so that new "
"releases would be published the first half of every even year.  Squeeze was "
"a one-time exception to the two-year policy in order to get into the new "
"time schedule."
msgstr ""
"Le Projet décida le 29 juillet 2009 d'adopter <ulink url=\"https://www.";
"debian.org/News/2009/20090729\">des gels temporaux</ulink> afin de pouvoir "
"publier les nouvelles versions en début d'année paire. Squeeze a été une "
"exception dans cette nouvelle politique de publication sur deux ans afin de "
"permettre de se caler sur cet agenda."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:970
msgid ""
"This policy was adopted in order to provide better predictability of "
"releases for users of the Debian distribution, and also allow Debian "
"developers to do better long-term planning.  A two-year release cycle "
"provided more time for disruptive changes, reducing inconveniences caused "
"for users.  Having predictable freezes was expected also to reduce overall "
"freeze time."
msgstr ""
"Cette politique a été adoptée pour fournir une meilleure prévisibilité aux "
"utilisateurs de Debian ainsi que pour permettre aux développeurs de Debian "
"d'optimiser leur planning sur le long terme. Un cycle de deux ans pour les "
"publications permet d'avoir plus de temps pour les changements "
"perturbateurs, ce qui réduit les désagréments occasionnés aux utilisateurs. "
"Des dates de gel prévisibles devraient également permettre de réduire la "
"durée totale de la période de gel."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:977
msgid ""
"However, even though the freeze was expected in December 2009, the <ulink "
"url=\"http://www.debian.org/News/2010/20100806\";>announcement that squeeze "
"had frozen</ulink> came in August 2010, coinciding with the celebration of "
"the 10th annual DebConf meeting in New York."
msgstr ""
"Toutefois et bien que le gel était attendu pour décembre 2009, l'<ulink url="
"\"http://www.debian.org/News/2010/20100806\";>annonce du gel de Squeeze</"
"ulink> arriva au mois d'août 2010, ce qui coïncida avec la célébration de la "
"dixième conférence DebConf de New York."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:983
msgid "New features include:"
msgstr "Les nouvelles fonctionnalités incluent :"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:988
msgid ""
"Linux Kernel 2.6.32, now completely free and without problematic firmware "
"files."
msgstr ""
"Le noyau Linux 2.6.32, maintenant complètement libre et sans les fichiers "
"problématiques des microprogrammes (« firmware »)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:994
msgid "libc: eglibc 2.11"
msgstr "libc : eglibc 2.11"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:999
msgid "GNOME 2.30.0 with some pieces of 2.32"
msgstr "La version 2.30.0 de GNOME avec quelques parties de 2.32"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1004
msgid "KDE 4.4.5"
msgstr "KDE 4.4.5"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1009
msgid "X.org 7.5"
msgstr "X.org 7.5"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1014
msgid "Xfce 4.6"
msgstr "Xfce 4.6"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1019
msgid "OpenOffice.org 3.2.1"
msgstr "OpenOffice.org 3.2.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1024
msgid "Apache 2.2.16"
msgstr "Apache 2.2.16"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1029
msgid "PHP 5.3.3"
msgstr "PHP 5.3.3"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1034
msgid "MySQL 5.1.49"
msgstr "MySQL 5.1.49"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1039
msgid "PostgreSQL 8.4.6"
msgstr "PostgreSQL 8.4.6"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1044
msgid "Samba 3.5.6"
msgstr "Samba 3.5.6"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1049
msgid "GCC 4.4"
msgstr "GCC 4.4"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1054
msgid "Perl 5.10"
msgstr "Perl 5.10"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1059
msgid "Python 2.6 and 3.1"
msgstr "Python 2.6 et 3.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1064
msgid ""
"10,000 new packages, for more than 29,000 binary packages built from nearly "
"15,000 source packages."
msgstr ""
"10 000 nouveaux paquets pour plus de 29 000 paquets binaires construits à "
"partir de presque 15 000 paquets source."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1070
msgid ""
"DKMS, a framework to generate Linux kernel modules whose sources do not "
"reside in the Linux kernel source tree."
msgstr ""
"DKMS, une structure pour générer des modules du noyau Linux dont les sources "
"ne se trouvent pas dans l'arbre des sources du noyau Linux."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1076
msgid ""
"Dependency-based ordering of init scripts using insserv, allowing parallel "
"execution to shorten the time needed to boot the system."
msgstr ""
"Le démarrage basé sur les dépendances des scripts d'initialisation en "
"utilisant insserv, permettant l'exécution en parallèle de ces scripts, "
"réduisant le temps de démarrage du système."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1082
msgid "Two new ports, kfreebsd-i386 and kfreebsd-amd64."
msgstr "Deux nouveaux portages, kfreebsd-i386 et kfreebsd-amd64."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1087
msgid ""
"Many packages started using a new source package format based on quilt.  "
"This <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/Projects/DebSrc3.0\";>new format</"
"ulink>, called \"3.0 (quilt)\" for non-native packages, separates Debian "
"patches from the distributed source code.  A new format, \"3.0 (native)\", "
"was also introduced for native packages.  New features in these formats "
"include support for multiple upstream tarballs, support for bzip2 and lzma "
"compressed tarballs and the inclusion of binary files."
msgstr ""
"De nombreux paquets commencèrent à utiliser le nouveau format de paquet "
"source basé sur quilt. Ce <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/Projects/";
"DebSrc3.0\">nouveau format</ulink> appelé « 3.0 (quilt) » pour les paquets "
"non natifs permet de séparer les rustines Debian du code source. Un nouveau "
"format « 3.0 (native) » fut également introduit pour les paquets natifs. Ces "
"formats incluent de nouvelles fonctionnalités telles que la gestion des "
"archives (tarball) amont multiples, la gestion des formats de compression "
"bzip2 et lzma et l'inclusion de fichiers binaires."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1096
msgid ""
"The twelfth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> was held in Banja Luka, Republic of "
"Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, from 24 to 30 July 2011, with DebCamp "
"preceding it from 17 to 23 July."
msgstr ""
"La douzième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> a eu lieu à Banja Luka, "
"en République Serbe, Bosnie-Herzégovine du 24 au 31 juillet 2011, précédée "
"par le <emphasis>DebCamp</emphasis> du 17 au 23 juillet."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1101
msgid ""
"The thirteenth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> was held in Managua, Nicaragua, "
"from 8 to 14 July 2012, with DebCamp preceding it from 1 to 6 July, and a "
"Debian Day on 7 July."
msgstr ""
"La treizième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> a eu lieu à Managua au "
"Nicaragua du 8 au 14 juillet 2012, précédée par le <emphasis>DebCamp</"
"emphasis> du 1er au 6 juillet et de la Journée Debian le 7 juillet."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1107
msgid "The 7.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 7.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1109
msgid ""
"Debian 7.0 (<emphasis>wheezy</emphasis>) was released May 4th, 2013.  This "
"new version of Debian included various interesting features such as <ulink "
"url=\"http://www.debian.org/News/2011/20110726b\";>multiarch support</ulink>, "
"several <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/News/2012/20120425\";>specific "
"tools to deploy private clouds</ulink>, an improved installer, and a "
"complete set of multimedia codecs and front-ends which removed the need for "
"third-party repositories."
msgstr ""
"Debian 7.0 <emphasis>Wheezy</emphasis> a été publiée le 4 mai 2013. Cette "
"nouvelle version de Debian incluait une variété intéressante de nouvelles "
"fonctionnalités telles que la gestion <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/";
"News/2011/20110726b\">multiarch</ulink> (architectures multiples), plusieurs "
"<ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/News/2012/20120425\";> outils spécifiques "
"pour le déploiement de nuage privé</ulink>, un installateur amélioré et un "
"ensemble complet de codecs multimédia et de frontaux qui supprima le besoin "
"de dépôts tiers."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1118
msgid ""
"After the release of Debian wheezy, the naming scheme for point releases was "
"<ulink url=\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-release/2013/05/msg01020.html";
"\">changed once again</ulink>: point releases will be named by the minor "
"version number, e.g. 7.1.  In the past point releases were named by the "
"micro number appended to major and minor number, e.g. 6.0.1."
msgstr ""
"Le schéma de nommage pour les versions intermédiaires fut à nouveau <ulink "
"url=\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-release/2013/05/msg01020.html";
"\">modifié</ulink> et cela juste après la publication de Wheezy. Ces "
"dernières seront dès lors nommées par un numéro de version mineur, par "
"exemple 7.1. Par le passé, les versions intermédiaires étaient nommée par un "
"numéro micro de version accolé aux numéros majeur et mineur, par exemple "
"6.0.1."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1126
msgid ""
"During the Debian Conference DebConf11, in July 2011, the \"multiarch support"
"\" was introduced.  This feature was a release goal for this release.  "
"Multiarch is a radical rethinking of the filesystem hierarchy with respect "
"to library and header paths, to make programs and libraries of different "
"hardware architectures easily installable in parallel on the very same "
"system.  This allows users to install packages from multiple architectures "
"on the same machine.  This is useful in various ways, but the most common is "
"installing both 64 and 32-bit software on the same machine and having "
"dependencies correctly resolved automatically.  This feature is described "
"extensively in the <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/Multiarch/HOWTO";
"\">Multiarch manual</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"La gestion multiarchitecture fut introduite durant la onzième conférence "
"DebConf. Cette fonctionnalité était alors un des buts de cette version. La "
"gestion multiarchitecture est une manière radicale de repenser la hiérarchie "
"du système de fichiers par rapport aux chemins des bibliothèques et des en-"
"têtes, afin de permettre à des programmes et à des bibliothèques "
"d'architectures matérielles différentes d'être facilement installables en "
"parallèle sur le même système. C'est très utile pour de nombreuses raisons, "
"la plus commune étant de pouvoir installer des logiciels 32 et 64 bits sur "
"la même machine et ayant les dépendances correctement résolues. Cette "
"fonctionnalité est décrite en détails dans le <ulink url=\"https://wiki.";
"debian.org/Multiarch/HOWTO\"> manuel de multiarchitecture</ulink>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1138
msgid ""
"The installation process was greatly improved.  The system could be "
"installed using software speech, above all by visually impaired people who "
"do not use a Braille device.  Thanks to the combined efforts of a huge "
"number of translators, the installation system was available in 73 "
"languages, and more than a dozen of them were available for speech synthesis "
"too.  In addition, for the first time, Debian supported installation and "
"booting using UEFI for new 64-bit PCs, although there was no support for "
"<emphasis>Secure Boot</emphasis> yet."
msgstr ""
"La procédure d'installation a été grandement améliorée. Le système peut "
"désormais être installé à l'aide d'un logiciel de synthèse vocale, par "
"exemple pour les personnes malvoyantes ne disposant pas de périphérique "
"braille. Grâce à la contribution d'un grand nombre de traducteurs, le "
"système d'installation est disponible dans 73 langues et plus d'une dizaine "
"pour la synthèse vocale. De plus, et pour la première fois, Debian gère "
"l'installation et le démarrage UEFI pour les nouveaux PC 64 bits, mais sans "
"toutefois la prise en compte de la gestion du <emphasis>démarrage sécurisé</"
"emphasis> (Secure Boot)."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1148 project-history.en.dbk:1277
msgid "Other new features and updated software packages included:"
msgstr ""
"Les autres nouvelles fonctionnalités et paquets logiciels mis à jour "
"incluent :"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1153
msgid "Linux Kernel 3.2"
msgstr "Le noyau Linux 3.2"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1158
msgid "kFreeBSD kernel 8.3 and 9.0"
msgstr "Le noyau kFreeBSD 8.3 et 9.0"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1163
msgid "libc: eglibc 2.13"
msgstr "libc : eglibc 2.13"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1168
msgid "the GNOME 3.4 desktop environment"
msgstr "L'environnement de bureau GNOME 3.4"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1173
msgid "KDE Plasma Workspaces and KDE Applications 4.8.4"
msgstr "Les espaces de travail KDE Plasma et les applications KDE 4.8.4"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1178
msgid "the Xfce 4.8 desktop environment"
msgstr "L'environnement de bureau Xfce 4.8"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1183
msgid "X.org 7.7"
msgstr "X.org 7.7"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1188
msgid "LibreOffice 3.5.4 (replacing OpenOffice)"
msgstr "LibreOffice 3.5.4 (qui remplace OpenOffice)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1193
msgid "Xen Hypervisor 4.1.4"
msgstr "L'hyperviseur Xen 4.1.4"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1198
msgid "Apache 2.2.22"
msgstr "Apache 2.2.22"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1203
msgid "Tomcat 6.0.35 and 7.0.28"
msgstr "Tomcat 6.0.35 et 7.0.28"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1208
msgid "PHP 5.4"
msgstr "PHP 5.4"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1213
msgid "MySQL 5.5.30"
msgstr "MySQL 5.5.30"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1218
msgid "PostgreSQL 9.1"
msgstr "PostgreSQL 9.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1223
msgid "Samba 3.6.6"
msgstr "Samba 3.6.6"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1228
msgid "GCC 4.7 on PCs (4.6 elsewhere)"
msgstr "GCC 4.7 sur PC (et 4.6 ailleurs)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1233
msgid "Perl 5.14"
msgstr "Perl 5.14"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1238
msgid "Python 2.7"
msgstr "Python 2.7"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1243
msgid ""
"12,800 new packages, for more than 37,400 binary packages built from nearly "
"17,500 source packages."
msgstr ""
"12 800 nouveaux paquets pour plus de 37 400 paquets binaires construits à "
"partir de presque 17 500 paquets source."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1249
msgid ""
"For more information on the new features introduced in this release, see the "
"<emphasis>What's new in Debian 7.0</emphasis> chapter of <emphasis>Wheezy</"
"emphasis> <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/releases/wheezy/releasenotes";
"\">Release Notes</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"Pour davantage d'informations sur les nouvelles fonctionnalités introduites "
"dans cette version, veuillez vous référer au chapitre <emphasis>Quoi de neuf "
"dans Debian 7.0</emphasis> de <emphasis>Wheezy</emphasis> des <ulink url="
"\"http://www.debian.org/releases/wheezy/releasenotes\";>notes de publication</"
"ulink>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1255
msgid ""
"The fourteenth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> was held in Vaumarcus, "
"Switzerland, from 11 to 18 August 2013, with DebCamp preceding it from 6 to "
"10 August, and a Debian Day on 11 August."
msgstr ""
"La quatorzième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> a eu lieu à Vaumarcus "
"en Suisse du 11 au 18 août 2013, précédée par le <emphasis>DebCamp</"
"emphasis> du 6 au 10 août et de la Journée Debian le 11 août."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1261
msgid "The 8.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 8.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1263
msgid "Debian 8.0 (<emphasis>Jessie</emphasis>) was released April 25th, 2015."
msgstr "Debian 8.0 <emphasis>Jessie</emphasis> a été publiée le 25 avril 2015."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para><footnote><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1271
msgid ""
"In the Debian Project Leader Elections of the previous four years the number "
"of voters had been usually around 40% of the existing Debian Developers"
msgstr ""
"Le pourcentage de participants aux élections du chef de Projet de Debian des "
"quatre dernières années tournaient généralement autour des 40 %."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1266
msgid ""
"A major change in this release was the replacement of the init system: "
"systemd replaced sysvinit.  This new init system featured many improvements "
"and faster boot times.  Its inclusion, however, sparked a lot of debate in "
"the different mailing lists and even led to a General Resolution titled "
"<ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/vote/2014/vote_003\";>init system "
"coupling</ulink>.  which was voted by close to half of the "
"developers<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>."
msgstr ""
"Une modification majeure de cette version fut le remplacement du système "
"d'initialisation historique <emphasis>sysvinit</emphasis> par "
"<emphasis>systemd</emphasis> qui apportait de nombreuses améliorations et "
"des durées de démarrage plus courtes. Son adoption fut toutefois douloureuse "
"et créa de nombreux débats sur les listes de diffusion et se termina même "
"par une résolution générale intitulée <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/";
"vote/2014/vote_003\">couplage du système d'initialisation</ulink> qui fut "
"votée par près de la moitié des développeurs<placeholder type=\"footnote\" "
"id=\"0\"/>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1282
msgid "Apache 2.4.10"
msgstr "Apache 2.4.10"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1287
msgid "Asterisk 11.13.1"
msgstr "Asterisk 11.13.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1292
msgid "GIMP 2.8.14"
msgstr "Gimp 2.8.14"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1297
msgid "an updated version of the GNOME desktop environment 3.14"
msgstr "Une version mise à niveau de l'environnement de bureau GNOME 3.14"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1302
msgid "GNU Compiler Collection 4.9.2"
msgstr "Collection de compilation GNU 4.9.2"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1307
msgid "Icedove 31.6.0 (an unbranded version of Mozilla Thunderbird)"
msgstr "Icedove 31.6.0 (version démarquée de Mozilla Thunderbird)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1312
msgid "Iceweasel 31.6.0esr (an unbranded version of Mozilla Firefox)"
msgstr "Iceweasel 31.6.0esr (version démarquée de Mozilla Firefox)"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1317
msgid "KDE Plasma Workspaces and KDE Applications 4.11.13"
msgstr "Les espaces de travail KDE Plasma et les applications KDE 4.11.13"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1322
msgid "LibreOffice 4.3.3"
msgstr "LibreOffice 4.3.3"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1327
msgid "Linux 3.16.7-ctk9"
msgstr "Linux 3.16.7-ctk9"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1332
msgid "MariaDB 10.0.16 and MySQL 5.5.42"
msgstr "MariaDB 10.0.16 et MySQL 5.5.42"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1337
msgid "Nagios 3.5.1"
msgstr "Nagios 3.5.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1342
msgid "OpenJDK 7u75"
msgstr "OpenJDK 7u75"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1347
msgid "Perl 5.20.2"
msgstr "Perl 5.20.2"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1352
msgid "PHP 5.6.7"
msgstr "PHP 5.6.7"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1357
msgid "PostgreSQL 9.4.1"
msgstr "PostgreSQL 9.4.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1362
msgid "Python 2.7.9 and 3.4.2"
msgstr "Python 2.7.9 et 3.4.2"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1367
msgid "Samba 4.1.17"
msgstr "Samba 4.1.17"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1372
msgid "Tomcat 7.0.56 and 8.0.14"
msgstr "Tomcat 7.0.56 et 8.0.14"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1377
msgid "Xen Hypervisor 4.4.1"
msgstr "L'hyperviseur Xen 4.4.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1382
msgid "the Xfce 4.10 desktop environment"
msgstr "L'environnement de bureau Xfce 4.10"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1387
msgid ""
"more than 43,000 other ready-to-use software packages, built from nearly "
"20,100 source packages."
msgstr ""
"Plus de 43 000 nouveaux paquets prêts à l'emploi construits à partir de "
"presque 20 100 paquets source."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1393
msgid ""
"For more information on the new features introduced in this release, see the "
"<emphasis>What's new in Debian 8.0</emphasis> chapter of <emphasis>Jessie</"
"emphasis> <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/releasenotes";
"\">Release Notes</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"Pour davantage d'informations sur les nouvelles fonctionnalités introduites "
"dans cette version, veuillez vous référer au chapitre <emphasis>Quoi de neuf "
"dans Debian 8.0</emphasis> de <emphasis>Jessie</emphasis> des <ulink url="
"\"https://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/releasenotes\";>notes de "
"publication</ulink>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1400
msgid "The 9.x Releases"
msgstr "Les versions 9.x"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1402
msgid "Debian 9.0 (<emphasis>Stretch</emphasis>) was released June 17th, 2017."
msgstr "Debian 9.0 (<emphasis>Stretch</emphasis>) fut publiée le 17 juin 2017."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1405
msgid "New features and updated software packages included:"
msgstr "Les nouvelles fonctionnalités et mises à jour de paquets incluaient :"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1410
msgid "Apache 2.4.23"
msgstr "Apache 2.4.23"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1415
msgid "Bind 9.10"
msgstr "Bind 9.10"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1420
msgid "Calligra 2.9"
msgstr "Calligra 2.9"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1425
msgid "Emacs 4.88"
msgstr "Emacs 4.88"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1430
msgid "Firefox 50.0"
msgstr "Firefox 50.0"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1435
msgid "GNOME desktop environment 3.22"
msgstr "Environnement de bureau Gnome 3.22"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1440
msgid "GNU Compiler Collection 6.3"
msgstr "La collection de compilation GNU 6.3"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1445
msgid "GnuPG 2.1"
msgstr "GnuPG 2.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1450
msgid "KDE Plasma Workspaces and KDE Applications 5.8"
msgstr "L'espace de travail Plasma de KDE et ses applications version 5.8"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1455
msgid "LibreOffice 5.2.7"
msgstr "LibreOffice 5.2.7"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1460
msgid "Linux 4.9"
msgstr "Linux 4.9"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1465
msgid "MariaDB 10.1"
msgstr "MariaDB 10.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1470
msgid "OpenJDK 8"
msgstr "OpenJDK 8"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1475
msgid "OpenSSH 7.4p1"
msgstr "OpenSSH 7.4p1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1480
msgid "Perl 5.24"
msgstr "Perl 5.24"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1485
msgid "PHP 7.0"
msgstr "PHP 7.0"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1490
msgid "Postfix 3.1"
msgstr "Postfix 3.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1495
msgid "PostgreSQL 9.6"
msgstr "PostgreSQL 9.6"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1500
msgid "Python 3.5"
msgstr "Python 3.5"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1505
msgid "Samba 4.5.8"
msgstr "Samba 4.5.8"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1510
msgid "Xen Hypervisor 4.8.1"
msgstr "L'hyperviseur Xen 4.8.1"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1515
msgid "the Xfce 4.12 desktop environment"
msgstr "L'environnement de bureau Xfce 4.12"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1520
msgid ""
"more than 51,000 other ready-to-use software packages, built from nearly "
"25,000 source packages."
msgstr ""
"plus de 51 000 paquets prêts à l'emploi construits à partir de près de "
"25 000 paquets source."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1526
msgid ""
"For more information on the new features introduced in this release, see the "
"<emphasis>What's new in Debian 9.0</emphasis> chapter of <emphasis>Stretch</"
"emphasis> <ulink url=\"http://www.debian.org/releases/stretch/releasenotes";
"\">Release Notes</ulink>."
msgstr ""
"Pour davantage d'informations sur les nouvelles fonctionnalités introduites "
"dans cette version, veuillez vous référer au chapitre <emphasis>Quoi de neuf "
"dans Debian 9.0</emphasis>  des <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/";
"stretch/releasenotes\">notes de publication</ulink> de<emphasis>Stretch</"
"emphasis>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1534
msgid "Important Events"
msgstr "Événements importants"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1535
msgid "July 2000: Joel Klecker died"
msgstr "Juillet 2000 : décès de Joel Klecker"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1537
msgid ""
"On July 11th, 2000, Joel Klecker, who was also known as Espy, passed away at "
"21 years of age.  No one who saw 'Espy' in #mklinux, the Debian lists or "
"channels knew that behind this nickname was a young man suffering from a "
"form of <ulink url=\"http://mdausa.org/disease/dmd.html\";>Duchenne muscular "
"dystrophy</ulink>.  Most people only knew him as 'the Debian glibc and "
"powerpc guy' and had no idea of the hardships Joel fought.  Though "
"physically impaired, he shared his great mind with others."
msgstr ""
"Le 11 juillet 2000, Joel Klecker, aussi connu comme Espy, nous a quitté à "
"l'âge de 21 ans. Personne ne savait que celui qui se présentait sous le "
"pseudonyme d'Espy sur #mklinux était un jeune homme qui souffrait de <ulink "
"url=\"http://mdausa.org/disease/dmd.html\";>dystrophie musculaire de "
"Duchenne</ulink>. La plupart le connaissait seulement comme le « gars de la "
"glibc et de la powerpc dans Debian » et personne n'avait la moindre idée sur "
"les souffrances qu'il endurait. Bien que physiquement diminué, il partagea "
"son grand esprit avec les autres."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1546
msgid "Joel Klecker (also known as Espy) will be missed."
msgstr "Joel Klecker sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1550
msgid "October 2000: Implementation of Package Pools"
msgstr "Octobre 2000 : implémentation des dépôts de paquets"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1552
msgid ""
"James Troup <ulink url=\"http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0010/";
"msg00007.html\">reported</ulink> that he has been working on re-implementing "
"the archive maintenance tools and switching to package pools.  From this "
"date, files are stored in a directory named after the corresponding source "
"package inside of the <filename>pools</filename> directory.  The "
"distribution directories will only contain Packages files that contain "
"references to the pool.  This simplifies overlapping distributions such as "
"testing and unstable.  The archive is also database-driven using PostgreSQL "
"which also speeds up lookups."
msgstr ""
"James Troup a <ulink url=\"http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-";
"announce-0010/msg00007.html\">rapporté</ulink> qu'il avait travaillé sur une "
"nouvelle implémentation des outils de maintenance de l'archive et avait "
"basculé sur le regroupement de paquets (pools). À partir de cette date, les "
"fichiers furent enregistrés dans un répertoire nommé d'après le paquet "
"source correspondant à l'intérieur du répertoire de pools. Cela simplifie "
"grandement le chevauchement de distributions telles que testing et unstable. "
"L'archive est également structurée sous forme de bases de données ce qui "
"accélère fortement les recherches."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1563
msgid ""
"This concept of managing Debian's archives sort of like a package cache was "
"first introduced by Bdale Garbee in <ulink url=\"http://lists.debian.org/";
"debian-devel/1998/05/msg01607.html\">this email</ulink> to the debian-devel "
"list in May of 1998."
msgstr ""
"Ce concept de gérer les archives de Debian à la manière d'un cache de paquet "
"a été introduit en premier par Bdale Garbee dans ce <ulink url=\"http://";
"lists.debian.org/debian-devel/1998/05/msg01607.html\">message</ulink> à la "
"liste de diffusion debian-devel en mai 1998 déjà."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1570
msgid "March 2001: Christopher Rutter died"
msgstr "Mars 2001 : décès de Christopher Rutter"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1572
msgid ""
"On March 1st, 2001, Christopher Matthew Rutter (also known as cmr) was "
"killed after he was struck by a car at the age of 19.  Christopher was a "
"young and well known member of the Debian project helping the ARM port.  The "
"buildd.debian.org site is dedicated to his memory."
msgstr ""
"Le 1er mars 2001, Christopher Matthew Rutter (aussi connu sous le pseudonyme "
"« cmr ») a été tué à l'âge de 19 ans en étant percuté par une voiture. "
"Christopher était un jeune et célèbre membre du projet Debian, aidant au "
"portage ARM."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1578
msgid "Chris Rutter will be missed."
msgstr "Chris Rutter sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1582
msgid "March 2001: Fabrizio Polacco died"
msgstr "Mars 2001 : décès de Fabrizio Polacco"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1584
msgid ""
"On March 28th, 2001, Fabrizio Polacco passed away after a long illness.  The "
"Debian Project honors his good work and strong dedication to Debian and Free "
"Software.  The contributions of Fabrizio will not be forgotten, and other "
"developers will step forward to continue his work."
msgstr ""
"Le 28 mars 2001, Fabrizio Polacco a disparu des suites d'une longue maladie. "
"Le projet Debian honore son excellent travail ainsi que son fort dévouement "
"à Debian et au logiciel libre. Les contributions de Fabrizio ne seront pas "
"oubliées, les autres développeurs iront de l'avant pour continuer son "
"travail."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1590
msgid "Fabrizio Polacco will be missed."
msgstr "Fabrizio Polacco sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1594
msgid "July 2002: Martin Butterweck died"
msgstr "Juillet 2002 : décès de Martin Butterweck"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1596
msgid ""
"On July 21st, 2002, Martin Butterweck (also known as blendi) died after "
"battling leukemia.  Martin was a young member of the Debian project who "
"recently joined the project."
msgstr ""
"Le 21 juillet 2002, Martin Butterweck (aussi connu sous le pseudonyme "
"« blendi ») a disparu après avoir combattu la leucémie. Martin était un "
"jeune membre du projet Debian, qui avait rejoint récemment le projet."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1601
msgid "Martin Butterweck will be missed."
msgstr "Martin Butterweck sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1605
msgid "November 2002: Fire burnt Debian server"
msgstr "Novembre 2002 : incendie d'un serveur Debian"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1607
msgid ""
"Around 08:00 CET on November 20th, 2002, the University of Twente Network "
"Operations Center (NOC) caught fire.  The building burnt to the ground.  The "
"fire department gave up hope on protecting the server area.  Among other "
"things the NOC hosted satie.debian.org which contained both the security and "
"non-US archive as well as the new-maintainer (nm) and quality assurance "
"(qa)  databases.  Debian rebuilt these services on the host klecker, which "
"was recently moved from the U.S.A.  to the Netherlands."
msgstr ""
"Le 20 novembre 2002 aux environs de 8 heures CET, le centre des opérations "
"réseau (NOC) de l'Université de Twente a pris feu. L'immeuble a brûlé "
"entièrement. Les pompiers avaient abandonné tout espoir de pouvoir protéger "
"la zone des serveurs. Le NOC hébergeait satie.debian.org qui contenait les "
"archives de sécurité et non-US, de même que les bases de données des "
"nouveaux responsables (nm) et de l'assurance qualité (qa). Debian a "
"reconstruit ces services sur la machine klecker, qui avait récemment "
"déménagé des États-Unis vers les Pays-Bas."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1618
msgid "November 2003: Several Debian server hacked"
msgstr "Novembre 2003 : piratage de plusieurs serveurs Debian"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1620
msgid ""
"Starting 17:00 UTC on November 19th, 2003, four of the project's main Web "
"servers for bug tracking, mailing lists, security and Web searches <ulink "
"url=\"https://www.debian.org/News/2003/20031202\";>have been compromised</"
"ulink>. The services were taken down for inspection and fortunately it could "
"be confirmed, that the package archive was not affected by this compromise. "
"On November 25th, all services were recovered and back online."
msgstr ""
"Le 19 novembre 2003 à 17:00 UTC, quatre des principaux serveurs web du "
"projet pour le suivi de bogues, les listes de diffusion, la sécurité et les "
"recherches web furent <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/";
"News/2003/20031202\">compromis</ulink>. Les services furent interrompus pour "
"permettre une inspection et il fut heureusement confirmé que les archives "
"des paquets ne furent pas affectées par cette attaque. Le 25 novembre, tous "
"les services furent remis en route."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1630
msgid "May 2004: Manuel Estrada Sainz and Andrés García Solier died"
msgstr "Mai 2004 : décès de Manuel Estrada Sainz et Andrés García Solier"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1632
msgid ""
"On May 9th Manuel Estrada Sainz (ranty) and Andrés García Solier (ErConde)  "
"were killed in a tragic car accident while returning from the Free Software "
"conference held at Valencia, Spain."
msgstr ""
"Le 9 mai, Manuel Estrada Sainz (alias ranty) et Andrés García Solier (alias "
"ErConde) ont été tués dans un tragique accident de voiture en rentrant de la "
"conférence sur les logiciels libres tenue à Valence, en Espagne."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1637
msgid "Manuel Estrada Sainz and Andrés García Solier will be missed."
msgstr "Manuel Estrada Sainz et Andrés García seront regrettés."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1641
msgid "July 2005: Jens Schmalzing died"
msgstr "Juillet 2005 : décès de Jens Schmalzing"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1643
msgid ""
"On July 30th Jens Schmalzing (jensen) died in a tragic accident at his "
"workplace in Munich, Germany.  He was involved in Debian as a maintainer of "
"several packages, as supporter of the PowerPC port, as a member of the "
"kernel team, and was instrumental in taking the PowerPC kernel package to "
"version 2.6.  He also maintained the Mac-on-Linux emulator and its kernel "
"modules, helped with the installer and with local Munich activities."
msgstr ""
"Le 30 juillet, Jens Schmalzing (alias jensen) a été tué dans un tragique "
"accident sur son lieu de travail à Munich en Allemagne. Il était impliqué "
"dans Debian comme responsable de plusieurs paquets, parrain du portage "
"PowerPC, membre de l'équipe du noyau, et a aidé à migrer le paquet du noyau "
"pour PowerPC vers la version 2.6. Il maintenait également l'émulateur « Mac-"
"on-Linux » et ses modules du noyau, et a aidé à la mise au point de "
"l'installateur ainsi qu'aux activités locales à Munich."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1651
msgid "Jens Schmalzing will be missed."
msgstr "Jens Schmalzing sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1655
msgid "December 2008: Thiemo Seufer died"
msgstr "Décembre 2008 : décès de Thiemo Seufer"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1657
msgid ""
"On December 26th Thiemo Seufer (ths) died in a car accident.  He was the "
"lead maintainer of the MIPS and MIPSEL port and he had also contributed at "
"length in the debian-installer long before <ulink url=\"http://lists.debian.";
"org/debian-newmaint/2004/06/msg00021.html\">he became a Debian developer</"
"ulink> in 2004.  As a member of the QEMU team he wrote most of the MIPS "
"emulation layer."
msgstr ""
"Thiemo Seufer (alias ths) est décédé le 26 décembre dans un accident de "
"voiture. Il dirigeait la maintenance des portages MIPS et MIPSEL et il avait "
"aussi participé en profondeur au développement de l'installateur Debian bien "
"avant de <ulink url=\"http://lists.debian.org/debian-newmaint/2004/06/";
"msg00021.html\">devenir un développeur Debian</ulink> en 2004. Membre de "
"l'équipe QEMU, il écrivit la plupart de la couche d'émulation de MIPS."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1665
msgid "Thiemo Seufer will be missed."
msgstr "Thiemo Seufer sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1669
msgid "August 2010: Frans Pop died"
msgstr "Août 2010 : décès de Frans Pop"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1671
msgid ""
"Frans Pop (fjp) died on August 20th.  Frans was involved in Debian as a "
"maintainer of several packages, a supporter of the S/390 port, and one of "
"the most involved members of the Debian Installer team.  He was a Debian "
"listmaster, editor and release manager of the Installation Guide and the "
"release notes, as well as a Dutch translator."
msgstr ""
"Frans Pop (alias fjp) est décédé en août 2010. Frans était impliqué dans "
"Debian comme le mainteneur de plusieurs paquets, comme un parrain du portage "
"S/390 ainsi que comme un des membres les plus impliqués de l'équipe de "
"l'installateur Debian. Il était un listmaster de Debian, le rédacteur et le "
"gestionnaire de publications du « Guide de l'installation » et des notes de "
"publications, et également un traducteur en hollandais."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1678
msgid "Frans Pop will be missed."
msgstr "Frans Pop sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1682
msgid "April 2011: Adrian von Bidder died"
msgstr "Avril 2011 : décès de Adrian von Bidder"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1684
msgid ""
"Adrian von Bidder (cmot) died on April 17th.  Adrian was one of the founding "
"members and secretary of debian.ch, he sparked many ideas that made Debian "
"Switzerland be what it is today.  Adrian also actively maintained software "
"in the Debian package archive, and represented the project at numerous "
"events."
msgstr ""
"Adrian von Bidder (alias cmot) est décédé le 17 avril. Adrian faisait partie "
"des membres fondateurs et était le secrétaire de debian.ch ; il suscita de "
"nombreuses idées qui permirent à Debian Suisse d'être ce qu'elle est "
"aujourd'hui. Adrian a aussi activement maintenu des paquets dans l'archive "
"de Debian et a représenté le projet dans de nombreux événements."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1690
msgid "Adrian von Bidder will be missed."
msgstr "Adrian von Bidder sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1694
msgid "May 2013: Ray Dassen died"
msgstr "Mai 2013 : décès de Ray Dassen"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1696
msgid ""
"Ray Dassen (jdassen) died on May 18th.  Ray was a Debian Developer for "
"incredible 19 years.  He joined the project in 1994, and continued to be an "
"active contributor until his passing.  Ray was one of the founding members "
"of the Debian GNOME team, his friendliness and willingness to help fostered "
"a spirit of collaboration within the GNOME team.  He continued his "
"involvement within Debian as the maintainer of several packages, most "
"notably the Gnumeric spreadsheet."
msgstr ""
"Ray Dassen (alias jdassen) est décédé le 18 mai. Il était développeur Debian "
"depuis plus de 19 années. Il a rejoint le projet en 1994 et a continué "
"d'être un contributeur actif jusqu'à son décès. Ray était un des membres "
"fondateurs de l'équipe Debian GNOME ; sa gentillesse et sa volonté ont "
"participé à créer un état d'esprit de collaboration avec l'équipe GNOME. Il "
"continua son engagement en étant le mainteneur de plusieurs paquets dont le "
"plus notable était le tableur Gnumeric."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1705
msgid "Ray Dassen will be missed."
msgstr "Ray Dassen sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1709
msgid "July 2014: Peter Miller died"
msgstr "Juillet 2014 : décès de Peter Miller"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1711
msgid ""
"Peter Miller died on July 27th.  Peter was a relative newcomer to the Debian "
"project, but his contributions to Free and Open Source Software go back to "
"the late 1980s.  Peter was significant contributor to GNU gettext as well as "
"being the main upstream author and maintainer of other projects that ship as "
"part of Debian, including, but not limited to srecord, aegis and cook.  "
"Peter was also the author of the paper <emphasis>Recursive Make Considered "
"Harmful</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
"Peter Miller est décédé le 27 juillet. Peter était relativement nouveau dans "
"le projet Debian, mais ses contributions aux Logiciels Libres remontent à la "
"fin des années 1980. Il était un contributeur important à GNU gettext ainsi "
"que l'auteur et mainteneur principal d'autres projets faisant partie "
"intégrale de Debian, incluant, sans s'y limiter, srecord, aegis et cook. "
"Peter était aussi l'auteur du papier <emphasis>Recursive Make Considered "
"Harmful</emphasis>."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1719
msgid "Peter Miller will be missed."
msgstr "Peter Miller sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1723
msgid "February 2015: Clytie Siddall died"
msgstr "Février 2015 : décès de Clytie Siddall"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1725
msgid ""
"Clytie Siddall died in February 2015.  Clytie was a contributor of "
"Vietnamese translations to Debian and other projects for many years.  Within "
"Debian she worked on translations for the installer, dpkg, apt and various "
"documentation.  She also contributed translations within the GNOME community "
"and many other projects.  Clytie was also a GNOME foundation member between "
"2005 and 2007."
msgstr ""
"Clytie Siddall est décédée en février 2015. Clytie contribuait depuis "
"longtemps à la traduction vietnamienne de Debian ainsi qu'à de nombreux "
"autres projets. Au sein de Debian, elle a travaillé sur la traduction de "
"l'installateur, dpkg, apt et divers autres documentations. Elle a aussi "
"contribué à la traduction au sein de la communauté GNOME et bien d'autres "
"projets. Clytie était également membre de la fondation GNOME entre 2005 et "
"2007."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1732
msgid "Clytie Siddall will be missed."
msgstr "Clytie Siddall sera regrettée."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1736
msgid "December 2015: Ian Murdock died"
msgstr "Décembre 2015 : décès de Ian Murdock"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1738
msgid ""
"Ian Murdock, the founder of the Debian Project and its community, died in "
"December 2015.  Ian was introduced to computers early in his life, he "
"started actively programming at nine years of age.  With the idea and the "
"opportunity to make something better, he started the Debian Project in "
"August of 1993.  At that time, the whole concept of a \"distribution\" of "
"Linux was new.  Inspired as he said by Linus Torvalds' own sharing of Linux, "
"he released Debian with the intention that this distribution should be made "
"openly, in the spirit of Linux and GNU.  Ian's dream lives on: Debian is "
"made up of a strong community that has fostered development, growth, and "
"wonder.  It remains incredibly active with thousands of developers working "
"untold hours to bring the world a reliable and secure operating system.  "
"Debian has sparked the interest, curiosity, and passion of those who want to "
"make something better.  Then, now, and far into the future."
msgstr ""
"Ian Murdock, le fondateur du projet Debian et de sa communauté, est décédé "
"en décembre 2015. Ian a très vite été en contact avec des ordinateurs et a "
"d'ailleurs commencé à programmer dès l'âge de neuf ans. Dans l'idée et "
"l'opportunité de faire quelque chose de mieux, il a débuté le projet Debian "
"en août 1993. À cette époque, le concept même de « distribution » de Linux "
"était nouveau. Inspiré selon ses mots par le partage de Linux par Linus "
"Torvalds, il publia Debian avec l'intention que cette distribution soit "
"construite de manière ouverte, dans l'esprit de Linux et GNU. Le rêve de Ian "
"se poursuit : Debian est composée d'une forte communauté qui a favorisé le "
"développement, la croissance et l'admiration. Elle reste incroyablement "
"active avec des milliers de développeurs travaillant d'innombrables heures "
"pour amener au monde un système d'exploitation fiable et sécurisé. Debian a "
"suscité intérêt, curiosité et passion chez celles et ceux qui veulent faire "
"quelque chose de mieux."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1753
msgid ""
"The Debian 9 <emphasis>Stretch</emphasis> release was dedicated in his "
"memory."
msgstr "Debian 9 <emphasis>Stretch</emphasis> lui a été dédiée."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1756
msgid "Ian Murdock will be missed."
msgstr "Ian Murdock sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1760
msgid "September 2016: Kristoffer H. Rose died"
msgstr "Septembre 2016 : décès de Kristoffer H. Rose"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1762
msgid ""
"Kristoffer H.  Rose died on September 17th 2016 after a long battle with "
"myelofibrosis.  Kristoffer was a Debian contributor from the very early days "
"of the project, and the upstream author of several packages, such as the "
"LaTeX package Xy-pic and FlexML.  On his return to the project after several "
"years' absence, many of us had the pleasure of meeting Kristoffer during "
"DebConf15 in Heidelberg."
msgstr ""
"Kristoffer H. Rose est décédé le 17 septembre 2016 après une longue bataille "
"contre la myélofibrose. Kristoffer était un contributeur Debian dès les "
"premiers jours du projet et l'auteur de plusieurs paquets dont le paquet "
"LaTeX, Xy-pic et FlexML. De retour au projet après plusieurs années "
"d'absence, nous avons été nombreux à avoir le plaisir de rencontrer "
"Kristoffer à la conférence DebConf15 à Heidelberg."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1770
msgid "Kristoffer H.  Rose will be missed."
msgstr "Kristoffer H. Rose sera regretté."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1776
msgid "What's Next?"
msgstr "Et après ?"

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1778
msgid ""
"The Debian Project continues to work on the <emphasis>unstable</emphasis> "
"distribution (codenamed <emphasis>sid</emphasis>, after the evil and "
"\"unstable\" kid next door from the <emphasis>Toy Story 1</emphasis> who "
"should never be let out into the world).  Sid is the permanent name for the "
"unstable distribution and is always 'Still In Development'.  Most new or "
"updated packages are uploaded into this distribution."
msgstr ""
"Le projet Debian continue son travail sur la distribution "
"<emphasis>unstable</emphasis> (nom de code <emphasis>Sid</emphasis>, d'après "
"le démoniaque et instable gamin du film « Toy Story 1 », qui ne devrait "
"jamais être lâché dans le monde réel). Sid est le nom permanent donné à la "
"distribution instable qui est « Still in Development » (toujours en "
"développement). La plupart des nouveaux paquets ou des paquets mis à jour "
"sont placés dans cette distribution."

#. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1786
msgid ""
"The <emphasis>testing</emphasis> release is intended to become the next "
"stable release and is currently codenamed <emphasis>buster</emphasis>."
msgstr ""
"Il est prévu que la version de test (<emphasis>testing</emphasis>) devienne "
"la prochaine distribution stable, de nom de code <emphasis>Buster</emphasis>."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1793
msgid "The Debian Manifesto"
msgstr "Le Manifeste de Debian"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1795
msgid "Written by Ian A.  Murdock, Revised 01/06/94"
msgstr ""
"Écrit par Ian A. Murdock, révisé le premier juin 1994, traduction française "
"par Christophe Le Bars"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1797
msgid "What is Debian Linux?"
msgstr "Qu'est-ce que Debian Linux ?"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1799
msgid ""
"Debian Linux is a brand-new kind of Linux distribution.  Rather than being "
"developed by one isolated individual or group, as other distributions of "
"Linux have been developed in the past, Debian is being developed openly in "
"the spirit of Linux and GNU.  The primary purpose of the Debian project is "
"to finally create a distribution that lives up to the Linux name.  Debian is "
"being carefully and conscientiously put together and will be maintained and "
"supported with similar care."
msgstr ""
"Debian Linux est une toute nouvelle sorte de distribution Linux. Au lieu "
"d'être développée par une personne isolée ou un groupe, comme les autres "
"distributions de Linux ont pu l'être dans le passé, Debian est développée de "
"manière ouverte dans l'esprit de Linux et de GNU. Le premier objectif du "
"projet Debian est de créer enfin une distribution qui vivrait selon la "
"nature du nom Linux. Debian est soigneusement et consciencieusement "
"construite et sera maintenue et gérée avec la même attention."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1808
msgid ""
"It is also an attempt to create a non-commercial distribution that will be "
"able to effectively compete in the commercial market.  It will eventually be "
"distributed by The Free Software Foundation on CD-ROM, and The Debian Linux "
"Association will offer the distribution on floppy disk and tape along with "
"printed manuals, technical support and other end-user essentials.  All of "
"the above will be available at little more than cost, and the excess will be "
"put toward further development of free software for all users.  Such "
"distribution is essential to the success of the Linux operating system in "
"the commercial market, and it must be done by organizations in a position to "
"successfully advance and advocate free software without the pressure of "
"profits or returns."
msgstr ""
"C'est aussi une tentative pour créer une distribution non commerciale qui "
"sera capable de véritablement rivaliser sur le marché commercial. Elle sera "
"éventuellement distribuée par la « Free Software Foundation » sur cédérom et "
"« l'association Debian Linux » fournira la distribution sur disquette ou sur "
"bande accompagnée de manuels imprimés, le support technique et les autres "
"besoins de l'utilisateur final. Tout cela sera disponible pour un peu plus "
"que le prix de revient, et le bénéfice sera utilisé pour d'autres "
"développements de logiciels libres pour tous les utilisateurs. Une telle "
"distribution est essentielle pour le succès du système d'exploitation Linux "
"sur le marché commercial et elle doit être faite par des organisations ayant "
"la possibilité de faire progresser avec succès et de défendre l'informatique "
"libre sans la pression du profit ou de la rentabilité."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1821
msgid "Why is Debian being constructed?"
msgstr "Pourquoi Debian a-t-elle été conçue ?"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1823
msgid ""
"Distributions are essential to the future of Linux.  Essentially, they "
"eliminate the need for the user to locate, download, compile, install and "
"integrate a fairly large number of essential tools to assemble a working "
"Linux system.  Instead, the burden of system construction is placed on the "
"distribution creator, whose work can be shared with thousands of other "
"users.  Almost all users of Linux will get their first taste of it through a "
"distribution, and most users will continue to use a distribution for the "
"sake of convenience even after they are familiar with the operating system.  "
"Thus, distributions play a very important role indeed."
msgstr ""
"Les distributions sont essentielles pour le futur de Linux. En premier lieu, "
"elles éliminent le besoin pour l'utilisateur de repérer, télécharger, "
"compiler, installer et d'intégrer un grand nombre d'outils essentiels "
"permettant de construire un système Linux fonctionnel. Au lieu de cela, la "
"charge de l'assemblage du système est supportée par le créateur de la "
"distribution, dont le travail peut être partagé par des milliers d'autres "
"utilisateurs. La plupart des utilisateurs goûteront en premier lieu à Linux "
"au travers d'une distribution et la plupart des utilisateurs continueront à "
"utiliser une distribution pour profiter de ses avantages même lorsqu'ils "
"seront familiers avec le système d'exploitation. Par conséquent, les "
"distributions jouent un rôle très important."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1834
msgid ""
"Despite their obvious importance, distributions have attracted little "
"attention from developers.  There is a simple reason for this: they are "
"neither easy nor glamorous to construct and require a great deal of ongoing "
"effort from the creator to keep the distribution bug-free and up-to-date.  "
"It is one thing to put together a system from scratch; it is quite another "
"to ensure that the system is easy for others to install, is installable and "
"usable under a wide variety of hardware configurations, contains software "
"that others will find useful, and is updated when the components themselves "
"are improved."
msgstr ""
"En dépit de leur importance évidente, les distributions ont peu attiré "
"l'attention des développeurs. Il y a une simple raison à cela : elles ne "
"sont ni faciles ni enthousiasmantes à construire et requièrent beaucoup "
"d'effort continu de la part du créateur pour garder la distribution sans "
"erreur et à jour. C'est une chose d'assembler un système à partir de rien ; "
"cela en est une autre de s'assurer que le système est facile à installer "
"pour d'autres, qu'il est installable et utilisable avec une large variété de "
"configurations matérielles, qu'il contient des logiciels que d'autres "
"trouveront utiles et qu'il est mis à jour lorsque les composants eux-mêmes "
"sont améliorés."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1844
msgid ""
"Many distributions have started out as fairly good systems, but as time "
"passes attention to maintaining the distribution becomes a secondary "
"concern.  A case-in-point is the Softlanding Linux System (better known as "
"SLS).  It is quite possibly the most bug-ridden and badly maintained Linux "
"distribution available; unfortunately, it is also quite possibly the most "
"popular.  It is, without question, the distribution that attracts the most "
"attention from the many commercial \"distributors\" of Linux that have "
"surfaced to capitalize on the growing popularity of the operating system."
msgstr ""
"Beaucoup de distributions ont commencé comme des systèmes réellement bons, "
"mais le temps passant, l'attention pour maintenir la distribution est "
"devenue une préoccupation secondaire. La « Softlanding Linux System » (mieux "
"connue comme SLS) est un cas exemplaire. C'est certainement la distribution "
"Linux disponible contenant le plus de bogues et la plus mal maintenue ; "
"malheureusement, c'est certainement aussi la plus populaire. C'est, sans "
"discussion, la distribution qui attire le plus l'attention des nombreux "
"« distributeurs » commerciaux de Linux qui sont apparus pour capitaliser la "
"popularité croissante du système d'exploitation."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1854
msgid ""
"This is a bad combination indeed, as most people who obtain Linux from these "
"\"distributors\" receive a bug-ridden and badly maintained Linux "
"distribution.  As if this wasn't bad enough, these \"distributors\" have a "
"disturbing tendency to misleadingly advertise non-functional or extremely "
"unstable \"features\" of their product.  Combine this with the fact that the "
"buyers will, of course, expect the product to live up to its advertisement "
"and the fact that many may believe it to be a commercial operating system "
"(there is also a tendency not to mention that Linux is free nor that it is "
"distributed under the GNU General Public License).  To top it all off, these "
"\"distributors\" are actually making enough money from their effort to "
"justify buying larger advertisements in more magazines; it is the classic "
"example of unacceptable behavior being rewarded by those who simply do not "
"know any better.  Clearly something needs to be done to remedy the situation."
msgstr ""
"C'est une mauvaise combinaison en fait, puisque la plupart des gens qui "
"obtiennent Linux de ces « distributeurs » reçoivent une distribution Linux "
"pleine de bogues et mal maintenue. Comme si cela ne suffisait pas, ces "
"« distributeurs » ont une fâcheuse tendance à vanter de manière trompeuse "
"des caractéristiques non fonctionnelles ou extrêmement instables de leurs "
"produits. Ajoutez cela au fait que l'acheteur attendra, bien sûr, que le "
"produit corresponde à sa publicité et au fait que beaucoup pourront voir "
"Linux comme un système commercial (ils ont aussi une tendance à ne pas "
"mentionner que Linux est libre, ni qu'il est distribué sous la licence GNU). "
"Enfin, ces distributeurs font aujourd'hui suffisamment d'argent avec leurs "
"efforts pour justifier l'achat de pages de publicité plus importantes dans "
"plus de journaux ; c'est un exemple classique d'un comportement inacceptable "
"récompensé par ceux qui ne connaissent rien de mieux. Clairement, quelque "
"chose doit être fait pour remédier à cette situation."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><title>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1870
msgid "How will Debian attempt to put an end to these problems?"
msgstr "Comment Debian tente-t-elle de mettre fin à ces problèmes ?"

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1872
msgid ""
"The Debian design process is open to ensure that the system is of the "
"highest quality and that it reflects the needs of the user community.  By "
"involving others with a wide range of abilities and backgrounds, Debian is "
"able to be developed in a modular fashion.  Its components are of high "
"quality because those with expertise in a certain area are given the "
"opportunity to construct or maintain the individual components of Debian "
"involving that area.  Involving others also ensures that valuable "
"suggestions for improvement can be incorporated into the distribution during "
"its development; thus, a distribution is created based on the needs and "
"wants of the users rather than the needs and wants of the constructor.  It "
"is very difficult for one individual or small group to anticipate these "
"needs and wants in advance without direct input from others."
msgstr ""
"Le processus d'élaboration de Debian est ouvert pour garantir que le système "
"soit de la plus haute qualité et qu'il reflète les besoins de l'ensemble des "
"utilisateurs. En impliquant des gens d'une grande variété de savoirs et "
"d'horizons, Debian peut être développée de manière modulaire. Ces composants "
"sont de haute qualité car les personnes dotées d'une expertise dans un "
"certain domaine auront l'opportunité de construire et de maintenir les "
"composants individuels de ce domaine. Impliquer ces gens garantit aussi que "
"des suggestions valables pour l'amélioration pourront être incorporées dans "
"la distribution pendant son développement ; de cette façon, la création "
"d'une distribution est basée sur les besoins et les désirs des utilisateurs "
"plutôt que sur les besoins et les désirs d'un constructeur. Il est très "
"difficile pour une personne seule ou un petit groupe d'anticiper ces besoins "
"et ces désirs à l'avance sans une participation directe d'autres personnes."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1886
msgid ""
"Debian Linux will also be distributed on physical media by the Free Software "
"Foundation and the Debian Linux Association.  This provides Debian to users "
"without access to the Internet or FTP and additionally makes products and "
"services such as printed manuals and technical support available to all "
"users of the system.  In this way, Debian may be used by many more "
"individuals and organizations than is otherwise possible, the focus will be "
"on providing a first-class product and not on profits or returns, and the "
"margin from the products and services provided may be used to improve the "
"software itself for all users whether they paid to obtain it or not."
msgstr ""
"Debian Linux sera aussi distribuée sur support physique par la « Free "
"Software Foundation » et « l'association Debian Linux ». Ainsi, Debian sera "
"accessible aux utilisateurs sans accès à Internet ou FTP et offrira des "
"produits et des services tels que manuels imprimés et support technique à "
"tous les utilisateurs du système. De cette manière, Debian pourra être "
"utilisée par beaucoup plus de personnes et d'organisations qu'il ne serait "
"possible autrement, le but étant d'offrir un produit de qualité et non des "
"profits, et les bénéfices des produits et des services offerts pourront être "
"utilisés pour améliorer le logiciel lui-même pour tous les utilisateurs "
"qu'ils aient payé ou non pour l'obtenir."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1897
msgid ""
"The Free Software Foundation plays an extremely important role in the future "
"of Debian.  By the simple fact that they will be distributing it, a message "
"is sent to the world that Linux is not a commercial product and that it "
"never should be, but that this does not mean that Linux will never be able "
"to compete commercially.  For those of you who disagree, I challenge you to "
"rationalize the success of GNU Emacs and GCC, which are not commercial "
"software but which have had quite an impact on the commercial market "
"regardless of that fact."
msgstr ""
"La « Free Software Foundation » joue un rôle extrêmement important pour le "
"futur de Debian. Par le simple fait qu'elle le distribuera, un message est "
"envoyé au monde : Linux n'est pas un produit commercial et il ne le sera "
"jamais, mais cela ne veut pas dire que Linux ne sera jamais capable de "
"rivaliser commercialement. Pour ceux d'entre vous qui ne sont pas d'accord, "
"je vous demande d'observer le succès du GNU Emacs et de GCC, qui ne sont pas "
"des produits commerciaux mais qui ont eu malgré cela un impact certain sur "
"le marché commercial."

#. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para>
#: project-history.en.dbk:1906
msgid ""
"The time has come to concentrate on the future of Linux rather than on the "
"destructive goal of enriching oneself at the expense of the entire Linux "
"community and its future.  The development and distribution of Debian may "
"not be the answer to the problems that I have outlined in the Manifesto, but "
"I hope that it will at least attract enough attention to these problems to "
"allow them to be solved."
msgstr ""
"Le temps est venu de se concentrer sur le futur de Linux plutôt que sur le "
"but destructeur d'enrichir quelqu'un au détriment de la communauté Linux "
"tout entière et de son avenir. Le développement et la distribution de Debian "
"ne sont peut-être pas la réponse aux problèmes que j'ai soulignés dans ce "
"manifeste, mais j'espère qu'elle attirera au moins suffisamment l'attention "
"sur ces problèmes pour permettre de les résoudre."