After checking the manual for this Perc series, it turns out that the H310 controller does not support IOMMU. The remark is on page 85 of the manual [1].
I can confirm that using intel_iommu=off allows the host to boot without issues.
[1] https://dl.dell.com/manuals/common/rc_h310_h710_h710p_h810_ug_en-us.pdf