Installing Debian GNU/Hurd in qemu/kvm using the Debian Installer (first draft)
Hi,
Attached is the first draft on how to install and run Debian GNU/Hurd
using the Debian Installer. Comments are welcome, even comments on how
to integrate parts into the Debian/GNU Hurd web pages (as recommended by
some people).
Thanks,
Svante
# This file describes how to install and run GNU/Hurd under Qemu
# in Debian GNU/Linux using the Debian Installer.
Step 1: Installation of qemu
=============================
Check if your CPU supports kvm:
egrep '^flags.*(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo
1) If you don't have hardware support (slow)
apt-get install qemu
2) If you have hardware support (recommended)
apt-get install qemu-kvm
modprobe kvm
Intel VTx/VTd:
Enable Intel kvm in the BIOS
On a HP xw4600 Workstation:
F10, Security->System Security
Enable VTx and VTd
Check that the kvm module is loaded:
lsmod|grep kvm
kvm_intel 38050 0
kvm 213800 1 kvm_intel
/dev/kvm is created:
crw-rw----+ 1 root kvm 10, 232 Mar 14 15:02 /dev/kvm
Add yourself to the kvm group
adduser your_user kvm; logout; login
AMD SVM (AMD-V):
Enable AMD-V in the BIOS if not enabled.
Check that the kvm module is loaded:
lsmod|grep kvm
kvm_amd 31862 0
kvm 214088 1 kvm_amd
More info on kvm at: http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/FAQ
Step 2: Installation of Debian GNU/Hurd
=======================================
Download mini.iso from:
http://people.debian.org/~sthibault/hurd-i386/installer/cdimage/
Instructions in the README file (displayed by accessing the page)
If qemu is installed:
qemu-img create hurd-install.qemu 4G
If qemu-kvm is installed:
kvm-img create hurd-install.kvm 4G
Formatting 'hurd-install.kvm', fmt=raw size=4294967296
Starting qemu/qemu-kvm:
kvm -m 1024 -net nic,model=rtl8139 -net user -hda hurd-install.kvm -cdrom mini-20110308.iso boot order=dc
Note: add -no-kvm-irqchip if you have problems with kvm.
In the grub2 graphical menu: (make your own changes below)
Default install
Language: English
Country, territory or area: other, Europe, Sweden
Locale: United Kingdom - en_GB.UTF-8
Network:
========
Now configured automatically with dhcp
Parameters:
IP address: 10.0.2.15
Netmask: 255.255.0.0
Gateway: 10.0.2.2
Nameserver: 10.0.2.3
Qemu network setup:
QEMU VLAN <------> Firewall/DHCP server <-----> Internet
| (10.0.2.2)
|
----> DNS server (10.0.2.3)
|
----> SMB server (10.0.2.4)
Hostname: your_hostname
Domainname: your_domainname
HTTP proxy: add_if_needed
Root password: your_root_password
New user: full_name
Username: abbreviated_name
User password: your_user_password
Partitioning method: Guided
Partitioning /dev/hd0: All files in one partition
Installation of the base system takes some time...
Software selection:
Standard system utilities
(SSH server, graphical desktop environment)
Install GRUB bootloader on MBR: Yes
During reboot the follwing is displayed (reason unknown, would not
cause any problems though):
/hurd/init: Crashing system; essential task auth died
init: notifying ext2fs /dev of shutdown: notifying pfinet ... notifying ext2fs gunzip:device:rd0 of shutdown (reboot after a timeout)
After reboot: Choose to boot from hard disk!
login: {user,root}
passwd: your_passwd
The following are as root, unless stated explicitly.
If you have problems with the network:
Issue
settrans -afg /servers/socket/2 /hurd/pfinet -i eth0 10.0.2.15 -a 10.0.2.15 -m 255.255.0.0 -g 10.0.2.3
or
dhclient eth0
To get ssh working:
apt-get install random-egd openssh-server
(Similarly for telnet if preferred)
Set up /etc/apt/sources.list:
nano /etc/apt/sources.list
Add:
deb http://ftp.<country>.debian.org/debian unstable main
deb http://ftp.debian-ports.org/debian unstable main
To get the correct timezone: dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
To get your locale setting:
nano /etc/locale.gen
Update with command: locale-gen
reboot/halt, see below.
Step 3: Running the installed system:
=====================================
Starting qemu/qemu-kvm:
kvm -m 1024 -net nic,model=rtl8139 -net user,hostfwd=tcp::5555-:22 -hda hurd-install.kvm -vga vmware
vmsvga_value_write: guest runs Linux.
If you have problems with grub hanging during boot with the vmware vga
driver: Disable the graphic boot
nano /etc/default/grub
uncomment GRUB_TERMINAL=console
run /usr/sbin/update-grub
A few words about the qemu console:
===================================
During the graphical emulation, you can use the following keys:
<Ctrl><Alt>-f Toggle full screen
<Ctrl><Alt>-u Restore the screen's un-scaled dimensions
<Ctrl><Alt>-n Switch to virtual console 'n'. Standard console mappings are:
1 Target system display
2 Monitor
3 Serial port
<Ctrl><Alt> Toggle mouse and keyboard grab.
A few words about the Mach console:
===================================
This console is very primitive and does not have any scrolling facilities.
Use the mach console only for basic work.
A few words about the Hurd console:
===================================
1) Hurd console at boot: Enable in /etc/default/hurd-console
2) Hurd console after boot: Log in to the Mach console and run the
executable script: hurd-console
a) As user: sudo ./hurd-console (add yourself to the sudoers with visudo)
b) As root ./hurd-console
hurd.-console:
console -d vga -d pc_mouse --repeat=mouse -d pc_kbd --repeat=kbd -d generic_speaker -c /dev/vcs
<Alt>-F1-F6: virtual consoles
<Ctrl><Alt><Backspace> returns to the Mach console
<Alt>-up/down scroll!
Note: When switching between consoles, make sure the mouse is grabbed
in the qemu console!
exit mouse grab: <Ctrl><Alt>
Contacting Hurd from a terminal in your host system:
=====================================================
This is the recommended way to work with a CLI since you have all your
keyboard and locale settings are preserved.
a) with ssh
kvm -m 1024 -net nic,model=rtl8139 -net user,hostfwd=tcp::5555-:22 -hda hurd-install.kvm &
Contacting the running Hurd: ssh -p5555 localhost
Copying files:
1) On your host
To Hurd: scp -p -P5555 file localhost:
>From Hurd: scp -p -P5555 localhost:file .
2) On Hurd
To host: scp -p file {10.0.2.2,your_host_ip}: .
>From host: scp -p {10.0.2.2,your_host_ip}:file .
b) with telnet
kvm -m 1024 -net nic,model=rtl8139 -net user,hostfwd=tcp::5556-:23 -hda hurd-install.qemu &
Contacting the running Hurd: telnet localhost 5556
c) With the tap interface, see http://www.bddebian.com:8888/~hurd-web/hurd/running/qemu/
Step 4: Setting up X-windows
============================
apt-get install xorg xserver-xorg-video-vmware
Install your choice of window manager:
apt-get install wmaker menu rxvt
dpkg-reconfigure x11-common
Choose Anybody are allowed to start the X server:
Root Only or Console Users Only does not work.
Create .xinitrc:
xrandr -s 1024x768 &
exec wmaker
Note: Due to a bug xinit cannot shut down the X server
Solution: Add the following to your xorg.conf:
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier "Generic Keyboard"
Driver "kbd"
...
Option "XkbOptions" "terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp"
EndSection
Step 5: Running X:
==================
As user: sudo startx
As root: startx (not recommended)
Note: Make sure you are starting X from the Hurd console otherwise X
will not work.
In the following you are running as user, not root!
Changing screen resolution:
xrandr -s 1024x768
xrandr -s 1280x1024
Step 6: Exiting X
=================
After exit from X the screen is scrambled
Rescue: Return to the Mach console: <Ctrl><Alt><Backspace>
Running ./hurd_console gets back to the previous hurd console session!
Step 7: Halting/rebooting
=========================
Halting: halt
wait for the message: In tight loop: hit ctrl-del-alt to reboot
before closing the qemu window.
Rebooting: reboot
If using the Hurd console, go back to the mach console with
<Ctrl-Alt-Backspace> before halt/reboot to see the console messages.
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