On Fri, Nov 13, 2015 at 04:10:14PM +0000, Wookey wrote:
> I've been helping package a load of stuff recently for Robot OS and in
> checking the copyright files I've come up aginst the question of exactly
> how much segmentation there should be in copyright files, and the answer
> to that depends on what it is they are actually for?
> Is it sufficient to specify what licence things are under, or do we
> really want to split it up into every licence x copyright-holder, or
> even every licence x copyright statement (i.e date + holder)?
> Clearly we need to know what licence things are under, and that seems
> to me to be the main purpose of the file. One can imagine
> circumstances when some argument develops and we might need to care
> about exactly _who_ owns the copyright on each file, but under normal
> circumstances that simply doesn't matter. We just care if it was BSD
> or GPL or Apache or whatever, not who actually contributed it under
> those terms: that's part of the point of free-software licencing. It's
> easy enough to go look at exactly which file is copyright who if need
> be.
It is important to list all copyright holders; this is not something that
it's "easy enough" to look up in the source, because many of these free
software licenses require that you reproduce the copyright statement
whenever you distribute binaries.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
(/usr/share/common-licenses/BSD)
To avoid accidental failures to comply with such license terms, Debian
policy requires that *all* packages include the copyright information.
> However there are numerous copyright holders and files contributed on
> various dates so I spent several hours making this copyright file:
> https://sources.debian.net/src/ompl/1.0.0%2Bds2-1/debian/copyright/
> with each copyright owner split out into a separate stanza.
> Is there any real benefit in doing this? It's moderately accurate, but
> what is the practical benefit over lumping all the BSD-3-clause
> copyright holders together into one list?
Do we need to list all copyright holders? Yes. Do we need the copyright to
be listed at the granularity of individual source files? No.
And we should have better tools to generate debian/copyright files - this
shouldn't be an intensive manual process. Unfortunately the only tool I'm
aware of that does this is coupled to cdbs.
And if we want the debian/copyright file to be readable afterwards, the
tools are going to need to make some smart decisions about grouping of
copyright stanzas, and not just list one for each (license, copyright
holders, copyright dates) tuple.
As an example of what I mean by "smart" groupings, I offer up the
debian/copyright of edk2, attached. Unfortunately, I had to craft this
monster by hand; and there are no tools to validate that it remains
correct[1] after updating to new upstream releases.
Having a machine-readable copyright format is only the first step. If I
ever get a round tuit, my goals are:
- a stand-alone tool that can generate a debian/copyright (with "smart"
stanza grouping) from the output of licensecheck
- a standard format for hinting this tool in the debian directory when the
answers licensecheck detects by inspecting the source are inaccurate
- a stand-alone tool that can compare any two machine-readable copyright
files and a given source tree and tell you whether they are equivalent
The last is key, because it gives us automation around making sure
debian/copyright is accurate and stays accurate.
Anyway, as I don't know when I'll get the tuits for this, I'll at least post
about it here in case it inspires someone to work on it.
> I just uploaded rosdistro
> (https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/ros-rosdistro) and got a comment from
> the reviewing ftpmaster that combining the two different copyright holders
> for BSD-3-clause files into one stanza was not really right:
Was this comment from the ftpmaster given as a reason for rejecting an
upload?
The lack of transparency and accountability around rejects from the NEW
queue is an unfortunate problem. Since reject notifications are only sent
to the uploader, this has the pernicious effect of giving uploaders the
impression that the reject reasons are project consensus, when this is not
at all guaranteed to be the case. This in turn leads to uploaders
cargo-culting the interpretation of policy that led to the reject, which
over time twists that very consensus.
> So, after thinking about this for a while I decided that it was not
> clear to me what best/acceptable practice is, and that it would be
> best to ask here.
Thanks for doing so.
I absolutely agree with your interpretation. There is no requirement in
policy that debian/copyright separately detail the copyright statements of
individual source files; it is perfectly acceptable (legally and under
policy) to aggregate these, e.g. "these five source files are under this
license, and are under some combination of copyright by these 10 authors and
these ranges of years".
(With the caveat that Maxy raised, that in the case of a BSD license, you
may find the names of different copyright holders embedded in the text of
the license itself. In that case, it's not obviously true that you can
aggregate them under a single license stanza.)
--
Steve Langasek Give me a lever long enough and a Free OS
Debian Developer to set it on, and I can move the world.
Ubuntu Developer http://www.debian.org/
slangasek@ubuntu.com vorlon@debian.org
[1] for values of "correct" equal to "in sync with upstream copyright
statements"
Format: http://www.debian.org/doc/packaging-manuals/copyright-format/1.0/
Upstream-Name: edk2
Source: git://github.com/tianocore/edk2.git, http://www.openssl.org/source/,
and https://efi-shell.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/efi-shell/trunk/Shell,
with .efi binary files removed from the source at package generation time.
See get-orig-source in debian/rules for details.
Disclaimer: This package is not part of Debian because it does not meet
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StdLib/LibC/Locale/__mb_cur_max.c StdLib/LibC/Locale/_wcstod.h
StdLib/LibC/Locale/aliasname.c StdLib/LibC/Locale/__wctoint.h
StdLib/LibC/Locale/wcsftime.c StdLib/LibC/Locale/wcscoll.c
StdLib/LibC/Locale/wcstof.c StdLib/LibC/Locale/wcstod.c
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StdLib/Include/strings.h StdLib/Include/Ipf/* StdLib/Include/nsswitch.h
StdLib/Include/stringlist.h StdLib/BsdSocketLib/getnetnamadr.c
StdLib/BsdSocketLib/getnetbynis.c StdLib/BsdSocketLib/gethostnamadr.c
StdLib/BsdSocketLib/gethostbynis.c
Copyright: 1993, Sun Microsystems, Inc.
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1996-1997 John D. Polstra
1998-2000, Lucent Technologies
1998-2001, Doug Rabson
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MdeModulePkg/Library/PeiDebugPrintHobLib/PeiDebugPrintHobLib.c
MdeModulePkg/Universal/Variable/RuntimeDxe/VariableDxe.c
MdePkg/Include/* MdePkg/Library/*
Copyright: 1996-1998 John D. Polstra
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BaseTools/Source/C/Include/AArch64/*
BaseTools/Source/C/Include/Arm/*
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EdkCompatibilityPkg/* Shell/*
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StdLib/PosixLib/Gen/readdir.c StdLib/PosixLib/Gen/utime.c
StdLib/PosixLib/Gen/opendir.c StdLib/PosixLib/Gen/closedir.c
StdLib/LibC/Time/gettimeofday.c StdLib/LibC/Locale/_wcstol.h
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DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
.
Additional terms: In addition to the forgoing, redistribution and use
of the code is conditioned upon the FAT 32 File System Driver and all
derivative works thereof being used for and designed only to read
and/or write to a file system that is directly managed by Intel's
Extensible Firmware Initiative (EFI) Specification v. 1.0 and later
and/or the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) Forum's UEFI
Specifications v.2.0 and later (together the "UEFI Specifications");
only as necessary to emulate an implementation of the UEFI Specifications;
and to create firmware, applications, utilities and/or drivers.
Attachment:
signature.asc
Description: Digital signature