[qref] 我开始翻译 woody.sgml
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我开始翻译 woody.sgml
--
肖盛文(Faris Xiao)
Email:atzlinux@163.com
Index: en/woody.sgml
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvsroot/qref/qref/en/woody.sgml,v
retrieving revision 1.35
retrieving revision 1.43
diff -u -r1.35 -r1.43
--- en/woody.sgml 29 Apr 2003 13:27:05 -0000 1.35
+++ en/woody.sgml 31 Dec 2004 00:06:32 -0000 1.43
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-<!-- CVS revision of this document "$Revision: 1.35 $" -->
-<chapt id="woody">Upgrading a distribution to testing
+<!-- CVS revision of this document "$Revision: 1.43 $" -->
+<chapt id="woody">Upgrading a distribution to <tt>stable</tt>, <tt>testing</tt>, or <tt>unstable</tt>
<![%f-ref;[
<p>
@@ -9,99 +9,92 @@
<url id="&testing-release;"> (work in progress).
<p>
-The process for upgrading system to <tt>testing/unstable</tt> flavors is:
+Upgrading a system to the
+<tt>stable</tt>, <tt>testing</tt>, or <tt>unstable</tt>
+distribution may require several steps
+which must be in the following order:
+
<list>
- <item> upgrade APT system to Woody version if your system is Potato
- since APT of Potato did not have the features described in
- <manref name="apt_preferences" section="5"> of Woody.
- <item> modify your <file>/etc/apt/sources.list</file> and
- <file>/etc/apt/preferences</file> files, to include references to the
- "testing" section of the repositories you use. If you wish you can add
- references to the "unstable" section, too.
- <item> update your package lists, and
- install any packages that are now upgradeable.
+ <item> Upgrade to Woody (if your system is older than Woody)
+ <item> Upgrade to <tt>stable</tt>
+ <item> Upgrade to <tt>testing</tt>
+ <item> Upgrade to <tt>unstable</tt>
</list>
+
+Debian does not support upgrades that skip intermediate releases.
+
]]>
-<sect id="woody-transition">Transition of APT to Woody version
+<sect id="woody-transition">Upgrading from Potato to Woody
<p>
-Network upgrade of APT system and some core packages to Woody version
-can be done as follows after including <tt>stable</tt> source
-to the <file>/etc/apt/sources.list</file> if you still run Potato.
+This procedure is described separately because Potato's APT
+did not have all the features described in the current
+<manref name="apt_preferences" section="5"> manpage.
+<p>
+After including only Woody sources in
+<file>/etc/apt/sources.list</file>,
+upgrade APT and required core packages to Woody versions
+by doing the following:
<example>
# apt-get update
# apt-get install libc6 perl libdb2 debconf
# apt-get install apt apt-utils dselect dpkg
</example>
+Then upgrade the rest of the system to Woody.
+<example>
+# apt-get upgrade
+# apt-get dist-upgrade
+</example>
-<sect id="testing-transition">Transition preparation ("stable" to "testing")
-<p>
-Tracking <tt>testing</tt> flavor of &debian; has a side effect of
-getting very slow security fixes. So be warned.
+<sect id="testing-transition">Preparing for upgrade
<p>
-Network upgrade to "testing" can be done as follows (run the script
-<url id="&examples;" name="go-woody"> to do this in one command):
+You can upgrade from one distribution to another one
+by fetching packages over the network.
+This can be done as follows.
<p>
-Empty the existing <file>sources.list</file> file
+Get a clean list of repositories for <tt>stable</tt>:
<example>
# cd /etc/apt
-# cp -f sources.list sources.old
+# cp -f sources.list sources.list.old
# :>sources.list
-</example>
-<p>
-Get a clean list of repositories, for "stable"
-<example>
-# cd /
# apt-setup noprobe
- ... select repositories, accessed with http or ftp methods
</example>
-Add the "testing" section to this new list.
-The <tt>deb-src</tt> lines are commented out.
+If you want to upgrade to <tt>testing</tt> then
+add <tt>testing</tt> sources to this new list.
+If you want to upgrade to <tt>unstable</tt> then also
+add <tt>unstable</tt> sources.
<example>
# cd /etc/apt
-# grep -e "^deb " sources.list >sources.deb
-# grep -e "^deb-" sources.list >sources.src
-# sed -e "s/stable/testing/" sources.deb \
- >>sources.list
-# sed -e "s/stable/testing/" sources.src | \
- sed -e "s/^deb-/#deb-/" >>sources.list
-
+# grep -e "^deb " sources.list >srcs
+# :>sources.list
+# cp -f srcs sources.list
+# sed -e "s/stable/testing/" srcs >>sources.list
+# sed -e "s/stable/unstable/" srcs >>sources.list
# apt-get update
# apt-get install apt apt-utils
-# cat >preferences <<EOF
- Package: *
- Pin: release a=testing
- Pin-Priority: 600
-
- Package: *
- Pin: release a=unstable
- Pin-Priority: 50
-
- EOF
-</example>
-Optionally, add the "unstable" section of the archives.
-<example>
-# sed -e "s/stable/unstable/" sources.deb \
- >>sources.list
-# sed -e "s/stable/unstable/" sources.src | \
- sed -e "s/^deb-/#deb-/" >>sources.list
</example>
+
See <ref id="apt-install"> for the art of tuning
<file>/etc/apt/sources.list</file> and <file>/etc/apt/preferences</file>.
-<p>
-Now you can update and upgrade, using one of the methods in the next section.
</sect>
-<sect id="upgrade-system">Upgrade the &debian; system
+<sect id="upgrade-system">Upgrading
<p>
After properly setting up <file>/etc/apt/sources.list</file> and
-<file>/etc/apt/preferences</file> files, the system can be upgraded to
-<tt>testing</tt>. See <ref id="package"> for the basics, and see
-<ref id="apt-trouble"> if you encounter problem.
+<file>/etc/apt/preferences</file> as described above
+you can begin the upgrade.
+<p>
+Note that tracking the <tt>testing</tt> distribution of &debian;
+can have the side effect of delaying the installation of packages
+containing security fixes, since such packages are uploaded
+to <tt>unstable</tt> and only later migrate to <tt>testing</tt>.
+<p>
+See <ref id="package"> for the basics, and see
+<ref id="apt-trouble"> if you encounter problems.
-<sect1>Best upgrade practice using <prgn>dselect</prgn>
+<sect1>Using <prgn>dselect</prgn>
<p>
If a system has many packages which include <tt>-dev</tt> packages, etc.,
the following method using <prgn>dselect</prgn> is recommended for
@@ -112,7 +105,7 @@
</example>
All your current packages will be selected when <prgn>dselect</prgn>
starts. <prgn>dselect</prgn> may prompt you with additional packages
-based on <tt>depends</tt>, <tt>suggests</tt>, and <tt>recommends</tt>.
+based on <tt>Depends</tt>, <tt>Suggests</tt>, and <tt>Recommends</tt>.
If you do not want to add any packages, just type <tt>Q</tt>
to exit <prgn>dselect</prgn> again.
<example>
@@ -125,37 +118,32 @@
Use <prgn>dselect</prgn>. <strong>It always works :)</strong>
<![%f-ref;[
-<sect1>Deprecated upgrade practice using <prgn>apt-get</prgn>
+<sect1>Using <prgn>apt-get</prgn>
<p>
-<strong>The use of <prgn>apt-get</prgn> described below is widespread
-but it is <em>not</em> recommended for system upgrades.</strong>
-]]>
-
-If you need to upgrade without <prgn>dselect</prgn> after Woody,
-consider <prgn>aptitude</prgn> and other options.
-
-<![%f-ref;[
+<example>
+# apt-get update
+# apt-get -t stable upgrade
+# apt-get -t stable dist-upgrade
+# apt-get -t testing upgrade
+# apt-get -t testing dist-upgrade
+# apt-get -t unstable upgrade
+# apt-get -t unstable dist-upgrade
+</example>
+Once your system has reached Sarge it is advisable to use
+<prgn>aptitude</prgn> instead of <prgn>apt-get</prgn>.
+(<prgn>aptitude</prgn> accepts many of the options
+that <prgn>apt-get</prgn> accepts,
+including those above.)
<p>
-If a system does not have many packages or the &debian; archive
-did not have major changes, the following may be sufficient
-(sometimes).
-<example>
-# apt-get update # always do this before upgrade
- ... to upgrade the system with "depends" selections:
-# apt-get upgrade # always do this before upgrade
- ... to upgrade the whole system with "depends" selections:
-# apt-get -u dist-upgrade
- ... or to upgrade and stay with current dselect settings (new, better):
-# apt-get -u dselect-upgrade # use dselect setup result
+To upgrade and stay with current <prgn>dselect</prgn> settings:
+<example>
+# apt-get dselect-upgrade
</example>
<p>
-Since this upgrade method uses <prgn>apt-get</prgn>, its handling of
-<em>recommends</em> and <em>suggests</em> is limited.
See <ref id="depends">.
]]>
</sect>
-
</chapt>
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