I do have similar issue with systemd.
It fails "local-fs.target" task, unless I remove /boot (which is on separate device) entry from "/etc/fstab"
swap works (based on "free" and "/proc/swaps"), and systemd does enable it automatically.
Another issue I do face, is that systemd doesn't bring up network interface, and does complain about "ifup" or even before it that it failed. It just says: "Starting of /sys/subsystem/net/devices/enp0s1 not supported". Huh?
Manually doing "ifup enp0s1" works just fine.
Unfortunately, the logs are rather sparse, and they don't tell me why it failed.
The entry in /etc/network/interfaces looks just fine.
And the entry in /etc/fstab is fine too (it do use UUID), because if I restore it and do manually "mount /boot" or "mount -a", it works fine.