Hi, (adding submitter to CC as there was an explicit Reply-To header) On Fri, May 06, 2016 at 07:31:18AM +0200, Carsten Hey wrote: > * Richard Stallman [2016-05-05 14:48 -0400]: > > Package: apt > > Version: 1.0.1ubuntu2.13+7.0trisquel3 > > > > I tried to remove a package which is virtual, specifically nethack. > > apt-get told me it could not do this, but said nothing about > > what to do. > > "apt-cache showpkg mail-transport-agent" lists "Reverse Provides:", > but it does not show which m-t-a is installed. Maybe this is worth > an additional bug report? showpkg is not really a user interface… it can be handy for debugging, but if we implement a better show, it should be in 'show'. Currently its a bit unhelpful (with just saying its a virtual package). The biggest hindrance so far was always that 'apt-cache show' is used by various tools expecting a certain behaviour (like no output & zero-exit code with virtual packages – I naively changed the later once and the world exploded…), but 'apt' should really be able to do something more sensible here given that its usage is discouraged in scripts. > > It would surely be easy to make it handle a virtual package by > > seeing which real package provides it, and offering to delete that > > one. > > I see three possible ways to address this issue: > > 1. Offering to delete the real package, as rms wrote. apt-get > would then, for instance, ask "... Would you like to remove > postfix instead? [yN]". > > This might or might not be useful for /usr/bin/apt, but I hope > apt-get will stay as non-interactive as it has always been. Additional questions in a mostly non-interactive command feel indeed a bit strange. After all, apt is asking anyhow for confirmation on all the choices it made, singling out a few seems wrong, especially as we have a few "Did you mean?" messages which follow the "press-N-and-adapt- commandline"-style already. The worst is through: If someone came along with -y on this command, which behaviour is the default and/or should I fail the execution and why are there no --assume-did-you-mean-yes and -no flags? No, thanks… > 2. Provide a more useful output. A good example is the output of > apt-get _install_ virtual-package on jessie: > > # apt-get install mail-transport-agent > Reading package lists... Done > Building dependency tree > Reading state information... Done > Package mail-transport-agent is a virtual package provided by: > opensmtpd 5.7.3p2-1 > ... > exim4-daemon-heavy 4.84.2-1 > You should explicitly select one to install. > > E: Package 'mail-transport-agent' has no installation candidate The "problem" here is that you obviously need to make a choice here as you probably don't want apt to pick one at random or want them all (or just a few) in case they aren't mutually exclusive, hence the error. For remove, the story is a bit more complex: The user likely means: Remove the mail-transport-agent installed on the system, but as you mention further in your mail the user might also mean "don't install any mail-transport-agent" (there is a good chance if you remove exim4 that apt will 'helpfully' install another instead of removing everything depending on a mail-transport-agent). In neither case should there be an error if no agent is installed. And then, there are the cases in which the providers aren't mutually exclusive (like nethack) were you might have installed all three, what did the user mean here? Perhaps the most reasonable choice for virtual packages in remove is to let apt remove all providers with appropriate "Note, selecting 'foo-x11' instead of 'foo'" and "Package 'foo-x11' is not installed, so not removed" messages as that this will implicitly generate a list, the user knows what is going on, it is likely what was intended and we don't need new string(s). > 3. "Do What I Mean" (DWIM) - on IRC, it has been suggested to remove > the real package if there is only one provider. > > Assume that the packages foo and bar are installed, that foo is not > available via an apt repository anymore, and that bar provides foo. > > "apt-get remove foo" would then remove foo the first time > it is run and it would remove bar the second time it is run. > I wouldn't consider this to be an intuitive behaviour. This actually happens already¹, BUT your assumption is wrong. The key is "only one provider" but in your example with foo and bar installed, you have two providers. The state of providers doesn't even matter, all what matters is that apt knows about only one provider from all its data sources (which dpkg/status is, too, just that you never configure it in sources.list explicitly). The behaviour is 'stolen' from install btw which will not show the list mentioned above if there is only one provider and instead just pick the one for install (with a note about doing this). ¹ at least it should work. Limited testing suggests a bug in that handling as apt prints e.g. "Note, selecting 'libfontconfig1-dev' instead of 'libfontconfig-dev'" as response to "apt purge libfontconfig-dev", but does nothing anyhow. > I noticed that the 'Virtual packages ...' line vanishes if stdout is > piped through, e.g., cat and wonder if this is done deliberately. Yeah (although I am not the biggest fan of it myself). The idea is that these messages are there for an interactive user and hence not needed in a logging context and so are disabled on quiet level 1 – which is the default level if the output goes to a non-terminal. Best regards David Kalnischkies
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