Patch for the CD FAQ
Hey folks,
I've got a patch from George and Thomas that they've been pestering me
to do something with for a while. I've made minor tweaks and added
some extra stuff. Please review/commit.
--
Steve McIntyre, Cambridge, UK. steve@einval.com
"I suspect most samba developers are already technically insane... Of
course, since many of them are Australians, you can't tell." -- Linus Torvalds
? index.en.html
? write-faq.diff
Index: index.wml
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvs/webwml/webwml/english/CD/faq/index.wml,v
retrieving revision 1.99
diff -u -p -u -r1.99 index.wml
--- index.wml 3 Jul 2011 23:04:47 -0000 1.99
+++ index.wml 14 Dec 2011 11:31:24 -0000
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ normal computer file, that can e.g. be t
Internet. CD burning programs can use the image files to make real
CDs.</p>
-<p>For a correctly recorded CD, the <tt>.iso</tt> file must not appear
+<p>For a correctly written CD, the <tt>.iso</tt> file must not appear
on the CD when you access it! Instead, you should see a number of
files and directories - in the case of a Debian CD, this includes a
<q>dists</q> directory and a <q>README.html</q> file.</p>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ appear on the final CD. Some archive pro
unpacked files! The resulting CD will fail to boot because the
<tt>.iso</tt> format includes special information related to booting
from the CD, which is lost when you unpack the file. See below on how
-to correctly record a CD image under <a href="#record-unix">Linux</a>,
+to correctly write a CD image under <a href="#record-unix">Linux</a>,
<a href="#record-windows">Windows</a> or <a
href="#record-mac">MacOS</a>.</p>
@@ -473,24 +473,34 @@ restriction or use the <tt>curl</tt> com
# ============================================================
-<toc-add-entry name="record-unix">How do I record a CD-R under
+<toc-add-entry name="record-unix">How do I write an ISO image under
Linux/Unix?</toc-add-entry>
-<p>Use the
-<a href="http://cdrecord.berlios.de/old/private/cdrecord.html";>cdrecord</a>
-program, with a command line like this (as root):
-<br /><tt>nice --18 cdrecord -eject -v speed=2 dev=0,6,0 -data -pad binary-i386-1.iso</tt></p>
+<p>Note that Debian ISO images for i386 and amd64 are also bootable
+from a USB key; see <a href="#write-usb">below</a>.</p>
-<p>
-Debian forked cdrecord in etch. Please try wodim on Debian based systems
-instead of cdrecord.
+<p><a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/xorriso/xorriso.html";>xorriso</a>
+for all optical media types (also doable as non-root user):
+<br/><tt>xorriso -as cdrecord -v dev=/dev/sr0 -eject debian-x.y.z-arch-MEDIUM-NN.iso</tt>
+<br/>Add option <tt>stream_recording=on</tt> to get on BD-RE full nominal speed without checkreading.
+</p>
+
+<p><a href="http://fy.chalmers.se/~appro/linux/DVD+RW/";>growisofs</a>
+for DVD and BD optical media types:
+<br/><tt>growisofs -dvd-compat -Z /dev/sr0=debian-x.y.z-arch-MEDIUM-NN.iso</tt>
+</p>
+
+<p><a href="http://www.cdrkit.org/";>wodim</a>
+for CD optical media type:
+<br/><tt>wodim -v dev=/dev/sr0 -eject -sao debian-x.y.z-arch-CD-NN.iso</tt>
</p>
<p>For Linux, there are also the X programs
<a href="http://www.gnome.org/projects/brasero/";>Brasero</a>,
<a href="http://k3b.plainblack.com/";>K3B</a> and
<a href="http://www.xcdroast.org/";>X-CD-Roast</a>,
-to name a few. Note that they're all frontends to cdrecord.</p>
+to name a few. Note that they're all frontends to the previously
+mentioned low-level burning applications.</p>
<dl>
<dt><strong><a id="brasero"
@@ -527,7 +537,7 @@ displaying the image filename and click
# ============================================================
-<toc-add-entry name="record-windows">How do I record a CD-R under
+<toc-add-entry name="record-windows">How do I write an ISO image under
Windows?</toc-add-entry>
<p>This might be a little problem, as many Windows programs use
@@ -537,7 +547,7 @@ options like <q>ISO9660 file</q>, <q>Raw
bytes/sector</q>. (Note: other bytes/sector values are fatal!) Some
programs do not offer these choices; use another burning program
instead (ask a friend or colleague). Here is some information about
-how to record CD images with specific products:</p>
+how to write CD images with specific products:</p>
<dl>
@@ -559,7 +569,7 @@ how to record CD images with specific pr
href="http://isorecorder.alexfeinman.com/isorecorder.htm";>ISO
Recorder</a></strong> (Freeware)</dt>
- <dd>This program can record <tt>.iso</tt> images on Windows 2003, XP
+ <dd>This program can write <tt>.iso</tt> images on Windows 2003, XP
and Vista.</dd>
<dt><strong><a NAME="adaptec" href="http://www.adaptec.com/";>Adaptec</a>\
@@ -623,12 +633,6 @@ how to record CD images with specific pr
command to be executed is something like
<tt>cdburn drive: iso-file.iso /speed max</tt></dd>
- <dt><strong><a NAME="cdrecord-win" href="http://www.fokus.gmd.de/research/cc/glone/employees/joerg.schilling/private/cdrecord.html";>cdrecord</a></strong></dt>
-
- <dd>This program is also available
- <a href="ftp://ftp.fokus.gmd.de/pub/unix/cdrecord/alpha/win32/";>for
- Windows 9x/NT systems</a>. See the README for more details.</dd>
-
</dl>
<p>If you can provide updated information or details for other
@@ -638,7 +642,7 @@ href="mailto
# ============================================================
-<toc-add-entry name="record-mac">How do I record a CD-R under
+<toc-add-entry name="record-mac">How do I write an ISO image under
Mac OS?</toc-add-entry>
<p>The <strong>Toast</strong> program for Mac OS is reported to work fine with
@@ -655,11 +659,38 @@ the <tt>/Applications/Utilities</tt> fol
image to burn. Ensure that the settings are correct, then click on
<i>Burn</i>.</p>
-<p>Additionally, the
-<a href="http://www.fokus.gmd.de/research/cc/glone/employees/joerg.schilling/private/cdrecord.html";>cdrecord</a>
-program is available
-<a href="ftp://ftp.fokus.gmd.de/pub/unix/cdrecord/alpha/macos-x/";>for
-Mac OS X</a> as well.
+
+# ============================================================
+
+<toc-add-entry name="write-usb">How do I write a CD image to a USB flash drive?</toc-add-entry>
+
+<p>Several of the Debian CD and Debian Live images are created using
+<i>isohybrid</i> technology, which means that they may be used in two
+different ways:</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>They may be written to CD/DVD and used as normal for CD/DVD booting.</li>
+ <li>They may be written to USB flash drives, bootable directly from the BIOS of most PCs.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The most common way to copy an image to a USB flash drive is to use
+the <q>dd</q> command on a Linux machine:</p>
+
+<p><code>dd if=<file> of=<device> bs=4M; sync</code></p>
+
+<p>where:</p>
+<ul>
+ <li><file> is the name of the input image, e.g. <q>netinst.iso</q>
+ <li><device> is the device matching the USB flash drive,
+ e.g. /dev/sda, /dev/sdb. Be careful to make sure you have the right
+ device name, as this command is capable of writing over your hard
+ disk just as easily if you get the wrong one!</li>
+ <li><q>bs=4M</q> tells dd to read/write in 4 megabyte chunks for
+ better performance; the default is 512 bytes, which will be much
+ slower
+ <li>The <q>sync</q> is to make sure that all the writes are flushed out
+ before the command returns.
+</ul>
# ============================================================
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