Xen VGA passthrough working again in Debian stable!
An old bug (#776742) reported over six years ago by Brian Paterni
concerns Xen and VGA passthrough for full graphics performance in a
virtual machine, and it was recently closed without being solved. About
seven years ago, Xen had the best support for this feature but it has
broken for a long time in Xen and that is why most users who want the
VGA passthrough feature on their workstations are now using KVM/virtio
based solutions instead of Xen/xl. However, I never gave up on Xen and
with some workarounds I have been able to do VGA passthrough of an Intel
integrated graphics device (IGD) using Xen and Debian but not since the
days of wheezy have I been able to do this with unpatched and official
up-to-date Debian software… until now!
The magic fix came with the backport of Qemu 5.2 to buster. After
installing it on my system, I was able to fairly easily configure my
Debian system to passthrough the Intel IGD. Thank you Debian Qemu Team
and Debian Xen Team!
How I configured it:
Hardware: Haswell core i5-4590S with Intel HD Graphics 4600 and ASRock
B85M-Pro4 Motherboard with 16 GB memory
Software: Up-to-date amd64 Debian buster using the Xen metapackage which
installs some Qemu 3.1 packages. Then I installed the Qemu 5.2 backport
of Qemu and its dependencies from buster-backports.
Passthrough configuration: Default bios (seabios), default device model,
default toolstack (xl), but a non-default setting for rdm in xl.cfg:
rdm = "strategy=host,policy=relaxed"
This rdm setting might not be needed for newer Intel IGD devices. Mine
is about seven years old.
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To make the IGD assignable, in Xen it is very simple, no need to
blacklist drivers (assuming the Intel IGD is not running an X or Wayland
display):
sudo xl pci-assignable-add 0000:02.0
In /etc/default/grub I have:
GRUB_CMDLINE_XEN="dom0_mem=2G,max:2G smt=false pv-l1tf=false iommu=1"
Not all these settings in grub are necessary, but this is a setting to
tweak, as well as the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT setting in
/etc/default/grub if it doesn’t work on the first try.
Windows 10 works great with this setup – I also passed through the USB
3.0 controller and the onboard realtekHD audio device and do not
experience any crackling sounds or any problems that are sometimes
reported when using KVM. Also, Xen’s GPLPV drivers installed fairly
easily for accelerated disk and network performance.
A Debian buster virtual machine did not work, because the 4.19 kernel
did not successfully configure the passed through hardware with default
settings. I will try a newer backported kernel and see if that works and
file a bug report about that if it isn't fixed in the latest kernels.
Going forward, I think Xen might be worth a try again for the difficult
problem of getting VGA passthrough to Windows working on Linux. I think
even the infamous code 43 error that Nvidia GeForce cards trigger is
being fixed by Nvidia so the fact that Xen does not have a workaround
for that problem like KVM does is not a deal breaker for Xen even for
Nvidia users.
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