...It sounds like rstan is an R wrapper around stan? Then I would assume
it should be possible to build/use rstan without the full stan source
being around.
Is stan building a shared or static library?
If not, that may be the
missing link between the two. Requiring the stan source be present when
building rstan (as a seperate source package) will not work or only work
with lots of trouble I do not think is worth it. So if there is no
library being built or other support, combining both into one source
package might be an option.
One indication this is alright would be that both stan and rstan are
released in lockstep.