Hi,
Extracting the themes breeze/ and breeze-dark/ from usr/share/icons/ inside the data.tar.xz, which is inside breeze-icon-theme_5.115.0-2_all.deb into ~/.local/share/icons/ solves the issue, at least for now.
Something will need to remind me to remove ~/.local/share/icons/breeze and ~/.local/share/icons/breeze-dark once the bug #1079542 is fixed.