Re: Python Policy: Things to consider for Stretch
- To: debian-python@lists.debian.org
- Subject: Re: Python Policy: Things to consider for Stretch
- From: Ben Finney <ben+debian@benfinney.id.au>
- Date: Tue, 02 Feb 2016 06:44:57 +1100
- Message-id: <[🔎] 8537tcdxl2.fsf@benfinney.id.au>
- References: <1705132.RfqMtW1P2v@kitterma-e6430> <1788942.Gcc8N3eft8@kitterma-e6430> <20160123205049.09efb0d9@subdivisions.wooz.org> <1597133.3JM6ycrHqJ@kitterma-e6430> <85r3h7k0cc.fsf@benfinney.id.au> <854me0ki50.fsf@benfinney.id.au>
Ben Finney <ben+debian@benfinney.id.au> writes:
> * Address all the language around Python 2 versus Python 3 versus
> Python general, and re-order or re-word to focus *primarily* on Python
> 3, with Python 2 treated as the still-supported legacy system.
>
> I'm maintaining a Bazaar branch for this, feel free to get it::
>
> $ mkdir python.benfinney/ && cd python.benfinney/
> $ bzr branch --bind http://vcs.whitetree.org/bzr/public/debian/python/python-defaults-debian/devel/
Ben Finney <ben+debian@benfinney.id.au> writes:
> Thank you, Scott! I'll proceed with the semantic changes that promote
> Python 3 to the primary position.
Those changes are now in the above branch. The summary of changes from
the commit messages:
$ bzr log --log-format line --revision ancestor:..
430: Ben Finney 2016-02-02 Re-phrase version distinctions to make Python 3 primary.
429: Ben Finney 2016-02-01 When only Python 2 is specified, just use literal “2” major version.
428: Ben Finney 2016-02-01 Use Python 3 examples where appropriate.
427: Ben Finney 2016-01-31 Refine some grammar and punctuation.
426: Ben Finney 2016-01-31 Distinguish “Python” the unversioned system versus “Python 2”.
425: Ben Finney 2016-01-30 [merge] Merge from ‘python-defaults-debian’ mainline.
Also attached to this message as a Bazaar patch bundle.
# Bazaar merge directive format 2 (Bazaar 0.90)
# revision_id: ben+debian@benfinney.id.au-20160201192807-\
# 7ux9dchggw9s8znh
# target_branch: bzr+ssh://bzr.debian.org/bzr/pkg-python/python-\
# defaults-debian/
# testament_sha1: 6a28ebdd010851ced1dfe1087d61b9a1dbded494
# timestamp: 2016-02-02 06:36:06 +1100
# base_revision_id: scott@kitterman.com-20160129221800-\
# kkxuexf3v28q9ro0
#
# Begin patch
=== modified file 'debian/python-policy.sgml'
--- debian/python-policy.sgml revid:scott@kitterman.com-20160129221800-kkxuexf3v28q9ro0
+++ debian/python-policy.sgml revid:ben+debian@benfinney.id.au-20160201192807-7ux9dchggw9s8znh
@@ -84,10 +84,12 @@
<chapt id="python3">
<heading>On the move to Python 3</heading>
<p>
- Debian currently supports two Python stacks, one for Python 2
- and one for Python 3. The long term goal for Debian is to
+ Debian currently supports two Python stacks, one for Python 3
+ and one for Python 2. The long term goal for Debian is to
reduce this to one stack, dropping the Python 2 stack at some
time.
+ </p>
+ <p>
<url id="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0404/";
name="PEP 404"> states that no more major Python 2 releases
are planned, although the latest released minor version 2.7
@@ -112,10 +114,10 @@
</item>
<item>
<p>
- Python libraries should be always packaged for Python 3
- if supported. Python 2 libraries should be packaged, if
- applications found in the reverse dependencies are not
- yet supported by Python 3.
+ Python libraries, if they support Python 3, should be always
+ packaged for Python 3. If an application supports only Python
+ 2, the Python libraries for that application should also be
+ packaged for Python 2.
</p>
</item>
<item>
@@ -133,12 +135,12 @@
<sect id="versions">
<heading>Versions</heading>
<p>
- At any given time, the binary package <package>python</package>
- will represent the current default Debian Python version. The
- binary package <package>python3</package> will represent the
- current Debian Python 3 version. As far as is reasonable, Python
- and Python 3 should be treated as separate runtime systems with
- minimal interdependencies.
+ At any given time, the binary package <package>python3</package>
+ will represent the current default Debian Python 3 version; the
+ binary package <package>python</package> will represent the
+ current default Debian Python 2 version. As far as is reasonable,
+ Python 3 and Python 2 should be treated as separate runtime
+ systems with minimal interdependencies.
</p>
<p>
In some cases, Python policy explicitly references Python helper
@@ -150,15 +152,17 @@
It is a design goal to fully specify required interfaces and
functions in policy for Python 3 and to avoid enshrining specific
implementation details in policy. Except as noted, policy for
- Python 3 is the same as Python with the addition of the version
- number as needed to distinguish them.
- </p>
- <p>
- The default Debian Python version should always be the latest
- stable upstream version that can be fully integrated in Debian.
+ Python 2 is the same as Python 3 with the exception of the
+ different major version number as needed to distinguish them.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The default Debian Python version, for each of Python 3 and Python
+ 2, should always be the latest stable upstream version that can be
+ fully integrated in Debian.
+ </p>
+ <p>
There may be newer supported or unsupported versions included in
- the Debian if they are not fully integrated for a particular
- release.
+ Debian if they are not fully integrated for a particular release.
</p>
<p>
Apart from the default version, legacy versions of Python or beta
@@ -178,17 +182,17 @@
</p>
<p>
- The set of currently supported Python versions can be found in
- <file>/usr/share/python/debian_defaults</file>; the supported
- interface to this information is <prgn>/usr/bin/pyversions</prgn>.
The set of currently supported Python 3 versions can be found
in <file>/usr/share/python3/debian_defaults</file>; the supported
interface to this information is
through <prgn>/usr/bin/py3versions</prgn>.
+ The set of currently supported Python 2 versions can be found in
+ <file>/usr/share/python/debian_defaults</file>; the supported
+ interface to this information is <prgn>/usr/bin/pyversions</prgn>.
</p>
<p>
- These files are in Python ConfigParser format. They define (in
- the <tt>DEFAULT</tt> section) the following options:
+ These files are in Python <tt>configparser</tt> format. They
+ define (in the <tt>DEFAULT</tt> section) the following options:
<list>
<item><tt>default-version</tt>: The name of the interpreter for
the current default Debian Python.</item>
@@ -228,7 +232,7 @@
<p>
Excluded are modules that cannot be included for licensing reasons
(for example the <tt>profile</tt> module), for dependency tracking
- purposes (for example the GPL-licensed <tt>gdbm</tt> module) or
+ purposes (for example the GPL-licensed <tt>gdbm</tt> module), or
that should not be included for packaging reasons (for example
the <tt>tk</tt> module which depends on Xorg).
</p>
@@ -241,27 +245,37 @@
Documentation will be provided separately as well.
</p>
<p>
+ At any time, the <package>python3</package> binary package must
+ ensure that <file>/usr/bin/python3</file> is provided, as a
+ symlink to the current <file>python3.<var>Y</var></file>
+ executable. The package must depend on
+ the <package>python3.<var>Y</var></package> package that installs
+ the executable.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The version of the <package>python3</package> package must be
+ greater than or equal to 3.<var>Y</var> and lower than
+ 3.<var>Y+1</var>.
+ </p>
+ <p>
At any time, the <package>python</package> binary package must
- ensure that <file>/usr/bin/python</file> is provided as a symlink
- to the current <file>python<var>X</var>.<var>Y</var></file>
- executable.
- </p>
- <p>
- The <package>python</package> binary package must also depend on
- the appropriate <package>python<var>X</var>.<var>Y</var></package>
- to ensure this runtime is installed.
- </p>
- <p>
- The version of the <package>python</package> binary package must
- be greater than or equal to <var>X</var>.<var>Y</var> and smaller
- than <var>X</var>.<var>Y+1</var>.
- </p>
- <p>
- Because upstream has started providing it, there will be a symlink
- for <file>/usr/bin/python2</file> for Wheezy and later releases. See
- <url id="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0394/"; name="PEP 394">
- for details. Packages must be careful to depend on a sufficient
- version of <package>python</package> if they make use of this symlink.
+ ensure that <file>/usr/bin/python2</file> is provided, as a
+ symlink to the current <file>python2.<var>Y</var></file>
+ executable. The package must depend on
+ the <package>python2.<var>Y</var></package> package that installs
+ the executable.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The version of the <package>python</package> package must be
+ greater than or equal to 2.<var>Y</var> and lower than
+ 2.<var>Y+1</var>.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The <package>python</package> binary package must also ensure
+ that <file>/usr/bin/python</file> is provided, as a symlink to the
+ current <file>python2.<var>Y</var></file> executable. See
+ <url id="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0394/"; name="PEP
+ 394"> for details.
</p>
</sect>
@@ -280,31 +294,57 @@
<sect1 id="interpreter_name">
<heading>Interpreter Name</heading>
<p>
- Python scripts depending on the default Python version (see <ref
- id="base">) or not depending on a specific Python version should
- use <file>python</file> (without a version) as the interpreter name.
- </p>
- <p>
- Python scripts that only work with a specific Python version must
- explicitly use the versioned interpreter name
+ The different Python major versions require different
+ interpreters (see <ref id="base">).
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Python scripts that require the default Python 3 version should
+ specify <file>python3</file> as the interpreter name.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Python scripts that require the default Python 2 version should
+ specify <file>python2</file> as the interpreter name.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Python scripts may specify <file>python</file> as the
+ interpreter name only if they do not require any particular
+ version of Python.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Python scripts that only work with a specific Python minor
+ version must explicitly use the versioned interpreter name
(<file>python<var>X</var>.<var>Y</var></file>).
</p>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="interpreter_loc">
<heading>Interpreter Location</heading>
<p>
- The preferred specification for the Python interpreter is
- <file>/usr/bin/python</file> or
- <file>/usr/bin/python<var>X</var>.<var>Y</var></file>.
- This ensures that a Debian installation of Python is used
- and all dependencies on additional Python modules are met.
- </p>
- <p>
- Maintainers should not override the Debian Python interpreter using
- <file>/usr/bin/env python</file> or
- <file>/usr/bin/env python<var>X</var>.<var>Y</var></file>. This is
- not advisable as it bypasses Debian's dependency checking and makes
- the package vulnerable to incomplete local installations of Python.
+ Python scripts should specify the Debian Python interpreter, to
+ ensure that the Debian Python installation is used and all
+ dependencies on additional Python modules are met.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The preferred specification for the Python 3 interpreter is
+ <file>/usr/bin/python3</file> (or
+ <file>/usr/bin/python3.<var>Y</var></file> if it requires Python
+ 3.<var>Y</var>).
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The preferred specification for the Python 2 interpreter is
+ <file>/usr/bin/python2</file> (or
+ <file>/usr/bin/python2.<var>Y</var></file> if it requires Python
+ 2.<var>Y</var>).
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Scripts requiring the default Python 2 version may instead
+ specify the interpreter <file>/usr/bin/python</file>.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Maintainers should not override the Debian Python interpreter
+ using <file>/usr/bin/env <var>name</var></file>. This is not
+ advisable as it bypasses Debian's dependency checking and makes
+ the package vulnerable to incomplete local installations of
+ Python.
</p>
</sect1>
</sect>
@@ -323,11 +363,14 @@
<tt>sys.path</tt>.
</p>
<p>
- Public Python modules must be installed in the system Python
- modules directory,
- <file>/usr/lib/python<var>X</var>.<var>Y</var>/dist-packages</file>.
- Public Python 3 modules must be installed in
- <file>/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages</file>.
+ Public Python 3 modules must be installed in the system Python 3
+ modules directory, <file>/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages</file>.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Public Python 2 modules must be installed in the system Python 2
+ modules directory
+ <file>/usr/lib/python2.<var>Y</var>/dist-packages</file>, where
+ 2.<var>Y</var> is the Python 2 version.
</p>
<p>
A special directory is dedicated to public Python modules
@@ -337,12 +380,12 @@
Python 2.
</p>
<p>
- For a local installation by the administrator of Python 2, a
- special directory is reserved to Python modules which should only
- be available to this Python,
- <file>/usr/local/lib/python2.<var>Y</var>/site-packages</file> (and
- <file>/usr/local/lib/python3/site-packages</file> for all Python 3
- versions).
+ For local installation of Python modules by the system
+ administrator, special directories are reserved. The
+ directory <file>/usr/local/lib/python3/site-packages</file> is in
+ the Python 3 runtime module search path. The
+ directory <file>/usr/local/lib/python2.<var>Y</var>/site-packages</file>
+ is in the Python 2.<var>Y</var> runtime module search path.
</p>
<p>
Additional information on appending site-specific paths to the
@@ -350,23 +393,23 @@
the <tt>site</tt> module.
</p>
<p>
- When binary packages ship identical source code for multiple
- Python versions, for instance
+ Python modules which work with multiple supported Python 2
+ versions must install to version-specific locations, for instance
<file>/usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/foo.py</file> and
- <file>/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/foo.py</file>, these should
- point to a common file. Version-specific directories for identical
- source code are not required for Python 3 and must not be used for
- this.
- </p>
- <p>
+ <file>/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/foo.py</file>. These should
+ point to a common file.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Architecture-independent public Python 3 modules must be installed
+ to <file>/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages</file>.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Architecture-independent public Python 2 modules should be
+ installed to <file>/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages</file>. The
+ historical location for this was <file>/usr/share/pyshared</file>.
Since Python 2.7 is the last Python 2 version and the only
- supported version in Wheezy and later releases, a common location
- to share arch-independent files across Python versions is no
- longer needed. Historically the location for this
- was <file>/usr/share/pyshared</file>. For Python 2.7, use
- of <file>/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages</file> is sufficient.
- For Python 3, a special location is not required, use
- <file>/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages</file>.
+ supported version in Wheezy and later releases, a version-specific
+ location is sufficient.
</p>
</sect>
@@ -391,6 +434,7 @@
<p><enumlist>
<item>
<p>
+ <file>/usr/share/python3/runtime.d/*.rtinstall</file>,
<file>/usr/share/python/runtime.d/*.rtinstall</file>: These
are called when a runtime is installed or becomes supported.
The first argument is <tt>rtinstall</tt>, the second argument
@@ -403,24 +447,26 @@
</item>
<item>
<p>
+ <file>/usr/share/python3/runtime.d/*.rtremove</file>,
<file>/usr/share/python/runtime.d/*.rtremove</file>: These are
called when a runtime is removed or stops being supported. The
first argument is <tt>rtremove</tt>, and the second argument
- is the affected runtime (for example
- <file>python<var>X</var>.<var>Y</var></file>).
+ is the affected runtime (for
+ example <file>python<var>X</var>.<var>Y</var></file>).
</p>
</item>
<item>
<p>
+ <file>/usr/share/python3/runtime.d/*.rtupdate</file>,
<file>/usr/share/python/runtime.d/*.rtupdate</file>: These are
called when the default runtime changes. The first argument is
either <tt>pre-rtupdate</tt>, called before changing the
default runtime, or <tt>rtupdate</tt>, called when changing
the default runtime, or <tt>post-rtupdate</tt>, called
immediately afterwards. The second argument is the old default
- runtime (for example
- <file>python<var>X</var>.<var>Y</var></file>), and the third
- argument is the new default runtime (for example
+ runtime (for
+ example <file>python<var>X</var>.<var>Y</var></file>), and the
+ third argument is the new default runtime (for example
<file>python<var>X</var>.<var>Z</var></file>).
</p>
</item>
@@ -431,9 +477,13 @@
<heading>Documentation</heading>
<p>
Python documentation is split out in separate binary packages
- <package>python<var>X</var>.<var>Y</var>-doc</package>. The binary
- package <package>python-doc</package> will always provide the
- documentation for the default Debian Python version.
+ <package>python<var>X</var>.<var>Y</var>-doc</package>.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The binary package <package>python3-doc</package> will always
+ provide the documentation for the default Debian Python 3 version.
+ The binary package <package>python-doc</package> will always
+ provide the documentation for the default Debian Python 2 version.
</p>
<p>
TODO: Policy for documentation of third party packages.
@@ -464,8 +514,8 @@
be used by one version of Python.
</p>
<p>
- Some distributions link extensions to libpython, but this is not
- the case in Debian as symbols might as well be resolved by
+ Debian Python does not link extensions to <file>libpython</file>
+ (as is done in some operating systems). Symbols are resolved by
<file>/usr/bin/python<var>X</var>.<var>Y</var></file> which is not
linked to <file>libpython</file>.
</p>
@@ -515,81 +565,91 @@
debug.
</p>
<p>
- A very limited set of wheel packages are available in the archive,
- but these support the narrow purpose of enabling
- the <prgn>pip</prgn>, <prgn>virtualenv</prgn>,
- and <prgn>pyvenv</prgn> tools in a Debian policy compliant way.
- These packages build their own dependent wheels through the use of
- the <prgn>dirtbike</prgn> "rewheeling" tool, which takes installed
- Debian packages and turns them back into wheels. Only universal
- wheels (i.e. pure-Python, Python 2 and 3 compatible packages) are
- supported. Since only the programs that require wheels need build
- them, only they may provide <var>-whl</var> packages,
- e.g. <package>python-pip-whl</package>.
- </p>
+ A very limited set of wheel packages are available in the archive,
+ but these support the narrow purpose of enabling
+ the <prgn>pip</prgn>, <prgn>virtualenv</prgn>,
+ and <prgn>pyvenv</prgn> tools in a Debian policy compliant way.
+ These packages build their own dependent wheels through the use of
+ the <prgn>dirtbike</prgn> "rewheeling" tool, which takes installed
+ Debian packages and turns them back into wheels. Only universal
+ wheels (i.e. pure-Python, Python 3 and 2 compatible packages) are
+ supported. Since only the programs that require wheels need build
+ them, only they may provide <file>-whl</file> packages,
+ e.g. <package>python3-pip-whl</package>.
+ </p>
<p>
- When these binary packages are installed, .whl files must be placed
- in the /usr/share/python-wheels directory. The location inside a
- virtual environment will be rooted in the virtual environment,
- instead of in /usr.
- </p>
+ When these binary packages are installed, <file>*.whl</file> files
+ must be placed in the <file>/usr/share/python-wheels</file>
+ directory. The location inside a virtual environment will be
+ rooted in the virtual environment, instead of <file>/usr</file>.
+ </p>
</sect>
<sect id="package_names">
<heading>Module Package Names</heading>
<p>
- Public modules used by other packages must have their binary
- package name prefixed with <package>python-</package>. It is
- recommended to use this prefix for all packages with public
+ Public Python modules must be packages separately by major Python
+ version, to preserve run time separation between Python 2 and
+ Python 3.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Public Python 3 modules used by other packages must have their
+ binary package name prefixed with <package>python3-</package>.
+ Public Python 2 modules used by other packages must have their
+ binary package name prefixed with <package>python-</package>.
+ It is recommended to use this prefix for all packages with public
modules as they may be used by other packages in the future.
- Python 3 modules must be in a separate binary package prefixed
- with <package>python3-</package> to preserve run time separation
- between Python and Python 3.
</p>
<p>
- The binary package for module foo should preferably be named
- <package>python-<var>foo</var></package>, if the module name
- allows, but this is not required if the binary package ships
- multiple modules. In the latter case the maintainer chooses the
- name of the module which represents the package the most.
+ The binary package for module <var>foo</var> should preferably be
+ named <package>python3-<var>foo</var></package> (for Python 3)
+ or <package>python-<var>foo</var></package> (for Python 2), if the
+ module name allows. This is not required if the binary package
+ installs multiple modules, in which case the maintainer shall
+ choose the name of the module which best represents the package.
</p>
<p>
For subpackages such as <var>foo.bar</var>, the recommendation is
to name the binary
- packages <package>python-<var>foo.bar</var></package>
- and <package>python3-<var>foo.bar</var></package>.
+ package <package>python3-<var>foo.bar</var></package> (for Python
+ 3) or <package>python-<var>foo.bar</var></package> (for Python 2).
</p>
<p>
Such a package should support the current Debian Python version,
and more if possible (there are several tools to help implement
- this, see <ref id="packaging_tools">). For example, if Python 2.5,
- 2.6, and 2.7 are supported, the Python statement
+ this, see <ref id="packaging_tools">). For example, if Python 3.3,
+ 3.4, and 3.5 are supported, the Python statement
<example>
import foo
</example>
- should import the module when the user is running any
- of <prgn>/usr/bin/python2.5</prgn>, <prgn>/usr/bin/python2.6</prgn>,
- and <prgn>/usr/bin/python2.7</prgn>. This requirement also
- applies to extension modules; binaries for all the supported
- Python versions should be included in a single package.
+ should import the module when the program interpreter is any
+ of <prgn>/usr/bin/python3.3</prgn>, <prgn>/usr/bin/python3.4</prgn>,
+ and <prgn>/usr/bin/python3.5</prgn>. This requirement also applies
+ to extension modules; binaries for all the supported Python
+ versions should be included in a single package.
</p>
</sect>
<sect id="specifying_versions">
<heading>Specifying Supported Versions</heading>
<p>
- The optional <tt>X-Python-Version</tt> (preferred) or <tt>
- XS-Python-Version</tt> field in the general paragraph (the first one,
- for the source package) of <file>debian/control</file> were methods to
- specify the versions of Python (not versions of Python 3) supported by the
- source package (they are obsolete and can be removed now that there is only
- <package>python2.7</package>). Similarly, <tt>X-Python3-Version</tt> is
- used to specify the versions of Python 3 supported by the package. When not
- specified, they default to all currently supported Python (or Python 3)
- versions.
- </p>
- <p>
- They are used by some packaging scripts to automatically generate
- appropriate Depends and Provides lines. The format of the field
- may be one of the following:
+ The <file>debian/control</file> source paragraph may contain
+ optional fields to specify the versions of Python the package
+ supports.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The optional <tt>X-Python3-Version</tt> field specifies the
+ versions of Python 3 supported. When not specified, it defaults to
+ all currently supported Python 3 versions.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Similarly, the optional fields <tt>X-Python-Version</tt>
+ or <tt>XS-Python-Version</tt> were used to specify the versions of
+ Python 2 supported by the source package. They are obsolete and
+ can be removed now that only Python 2.7 is supported.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ These fields are used by some packaging scripts to automatically
+ generate appropriate Depends and Provides lines. The format of the
+ field may be one of the following:
<example>
X-Python3-Version: >= X.Y
X-Python3-Version: >= A.B, << X.Y
@@ -599,21 +659,24 @@
</p>
<p>
The keyword <tt>all</tt> means that the package supports any
- Python version available but might be deprecated in the future
+ Python 2 version available but might be deprecated in the future
since using version numbers is clearer than <tt>all</tt> and
encodes more information. The keyword <tt>all</tt> is limited to
- Python versions and must be ignored for Python 3 versions. Lists
- of multiple individual versions (e.g. 2.4, 2.5, 2.6) work
- for <tt>XS-Python-Version</tt> and will continue to be supported,
- but are not recommended and are not supported
- by <tt>X-Python-Version</tt> or <tt>X-Python3-Version</tt> for
- Wheezy and later releases.
+ Python 2 versions and must be ignored for Python 3 versions.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ A comma-separated list of multiple individual versions
+ (e.g. <tt>3.3, 3.4, 3.5</tt>) in <tt>XS-Python-Version</tt> will
+ continue to be supported, but is not recommended. The use of
+ multiple individual versions in <tt>X-Python-Version</tt>
+ or <tt>X-Python3-Version</tt> is not supported for Wheezy and
+ later releases.
</p>
<p>
The keyword <tt>current</tt> has been deprecated and used to mean
- that the package would only have to support a single version (even
- across default version changes). It must be ignored for Python 3
- versions.
+ that the package would only have to support a single Python 2
+ version (even across default version changes). It must be ignored
+ for Python 3 versions.
</p>
<p>
The use of <tt>XB-Python-Version</tt> in the binary package
@@ -628,31 +691,41 @@
<sect id="dependencies">
<heading>Dependencies</heading>
<p>
- Packaged modules available for the default Python version (or many
- versions including the default) as described
- in <ref id="package_names"> must declare <tt>Depends:
- python (>= <var>X</var>.<var>Y</var>)</tt>. If they
- require other modules to work, they must depend on the
- corresponding <package>python-foo</package>. They must not depend
- on any <package>python<var>X</var>.<var>Y</var>-foo</package>.
- </p>
- <p>
- All Python module packages and Python 3 binary extension packages must
- also declare a maximum version they support as currently built (this
- is accomplished by declaring a maximum version constraint strictly
- less than one higher than the current maxiumum version, i.e.
- <tt>Depends:
- python (<< <var>X</var>.<var>Y</var>)</tt>.
+ Any package that installs modules for the default Python version
+ (or many versions including the default) as described
+ in <ref id="package_names">, must declare a dependency on the
+ default Python runtime package. If it requires other modules to
+ work, the package must declare dependencies on the corresponding
+ packaged modules. The package must not declare dependency on any
+ version-specific Python runtime or module package.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ For Python 3, the correct dependencies are <tt>Depends:
+ python3 (>= 3.<var>Y</var>)</tt> and any
+ corresponding <package>python3-<var>foo</var></package> packages.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ For Python 2, the correct dependencies are <tt>Depends:
+ python (>= 2.<var>Y</var>)</tt> and any
+ corresponding <package>python-<var>foo</var></package> packages.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Any package that installs Python modules or Python 3 binary
+ extensions must also declare a maximum version it supports as
+ currently built. This is accomplished by declaring a maximum
+ version constraint strictly less than one higher than the current
+ maximum version, i.e. <tt>Depends:
+ python3 (<< <var>X</var>.<var>Y</var>)</tt>.
</p>
</sect>
<sect id="provides">
<heading>Provides</heading>
<p>
- Python Provides in binary packages of the form
+ Binary packages that declare Provides dependencies of the form
<package>python<var>X</var>.<var>Y</var>-<var>foo</var></package>
were never supported for Python 3 and are no longer useful for
- Python. They should be removed in the normal course of package
+ Python 2. They should be removed in the normal course of package
updates. Future provision of values for the substituation variable
<tt>python:Provides</tt> is not guaranteed.
</p>
@@ -699,28 +772,50 @@
<chapt id="programs">
<heading>Python Programs</heading>
+ <sect id="interpreter-directive">
+ <heading>Interpreter directive (“Shebang”)</heading>
+ <p>
+ Executables written for interpretation by Python must use an
+ appropraite interpreter directive, or “shebang”, as the first line
+ of the program. This line should be of the
+ form <tt>#!<var>interpreter_location</var></tt>.
+ See <ref id="interpreter_name"> for the interpreter name to use.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ As noted in <ref id="interpreter_loc">, the
+ form <tt>#!/usr/bin/env <var>interpreter_name</var></tt> is
+ deprecated.
+ </p>
+ </sect>
+
<sect id="version_indep_progs">
<heading>Programs using the default Python</heading>
<p>
- Programs that can run with any version of Python must
- begin with <tt>#!/usr/bin/python</tt> or <tt>#!/usr/bin/env
- python</tt> (the former is strongly preferred). They must also
- specify a dependency on <package>python</package>, with a
- versioned dependency if necessary.
- </p>
- <p>
- If the program needs the Python module <tt>foo</tt>, it must
- depend on the real package providing this module, usually
- <package>python-foo</package> but this name might vary when the
- package ships multiple modules.
+ A package that installs a program that can be run by any version
+ of Python 3 must declare a dependency
+ on <package>python3</package>, with a versioned dependency if
+ necessary.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ A package that installs a program that can be run by any version
+ of Python 2 must declare a dependency
+ on <package>python2</package>, with a versioned dependency if
+ necessary.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ If the program needs the public Python module <tt>foo</tt>, the
+ package must depend on the binary package that installs
+ the <tt>foo</tt> module. See <ref id="package_names"> for the
+ naming of packages that install public Python modules.
</p>
<sect1 id="current_version_progs">
<heading>Programs Shipping Private Modules</heading>
<p>
- A program using <file>/usr/bin/python</file> as interpreter can
- come up with private Python modules. These modules should be
- installed in <file>/usr/share/<var>module</var></file>, or
+ A program that specifies <prgn>python3</prgn>
+ or <prgn>python</prgn> as its interpreter may require its own
+ private Python modules. These modules should be installed
+ in <file>/usr/share/<var>module</var></file>, or
<file>/usr/lib/<var>module</var></file> if the modules are
architecture-dependent (e.g. extensions).
</p>
@@ -736,8 +831,8 @@
Programs that have private compiled extensions must either
handle multiple version support themselves, or declare a tight
dependency on the current Python version (e.g. <tt>Depends:
- python (>= 2.7),
- python (<< 2.8)</tt>.
+ python3 (>= 3.5),
+ python3 (<< 3.6)</tt>.
</p>
</sect1>
</sect>
@@ -745,13 +840,13 @@
<sect id="version_dep_progs">
<heading>Programs Using a Particular Python Version</heading>
<p>
- A program which requires a specific version of Python must
- begin with
- <tt>#!/usr/bin/python<var>X</var>.<var>Y</var></tt> (or
- <tt>#!/usr/bin/env python<var>X</var>.<var>Y</var></tt>). It
- must also specify a dependency on
+ A program which requires a specific minor version of Python must
+ specify the versioned
+ interpreter <prgn>python<var>X</var>.<var>Y</var></tt>. The
+ package that installs the programs must also specify a dependency
+ on
<package>python<var>X</var>.<var>Y</var></package> and on any
- package providing necessary modules.
+ packages that install necessary modules.
</p>
<p>
The notes on installation directories and byte-compilation
@@ -769,8 +864,8 @@
<sect id="build_embedded">
<heading>Building Embedded Programs</heading>
<p>
- Programs which embed a Python interpreter must declare
- <tt>Build-Depends</tt> on
+ Any package that installs a program which embeds a Python
+ interpreter must declare <tt>Build-Depends</tt> on
<package>python<var>X</var>.<var>Y</var>-dev</package>, where
<var>X</var>.<var>Y</var> is the Python version the program
builds against. It should be the current default Python version
@@ -809,20 +904,25 @@
<appendix id="build_dependencies">
<heading>Build Dependencies</heading>
<p>
- Build dependencies for Python dependent packages must be declared
+ Build dependencies for Python-dependent packages must be declared
for every Python version that the package is built for.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The <package>python3-all-dev</package> should be used when building
+ extensions for any or all Python 3 versions.
The <package>python-all-dev</package> should be used when building
- extensions for any or all Python versions. To build for a specific
+ extensions for any or all Python 2 versions. To build for a specific
version or versions, declare <tt>Build-Depends</tt> on
<package>python<var>X</var>.<var>Y</var>-dev</package>.
</p>
<p>
- Some applications and pure Python modules may be able to declare
- <tt>Build-Depends</tt> on the runtime <package>python</package>
- or <package>python-all</package> package, and not require
- the <package>-dev</package> packages. A package that does not
- require the <package>-dev</package> packages must not declare
- <tt>Build-Depends</tt> on them.
+ Some applications and pure Python modules may be able to avoid
+ dependency on the <package>-dev</package> packages, and declare
+ <tt>Build-Depends</tt> on the runtime environment only
+ (<package>python3</package>, <package>python3-all</package>,
+ <package>python</package>, <package>python-all</package>). A package
+ that does not require the <package>-dev</package> packages must not
+ declare <tt>Build-Depends</tt> on them.
</p>
<p>
@@ -886,24 +986,26 @@
<sect id="dh-python">
<heading><package>dh-python</package></heading>
<p>
- <package>dh-python</package> provides extensions
- for <package>debhelper</package> to make it easier to package
- Python modules and extensions. They calculate Python dependencies,
- add maintainer scripts to byte compile files, etc. Their use is not
- mandatory, but they are recommended by the Python maintainers.
+ <package>dh-python</package> provides extensions
+ for <package>debhelper</package> to make it easier to package
+ Python modules and extensions. They calculate Python dependencies,
+ add maintainer scripts to byte compile files, etc. Their use is
+ not mandatory, but they are recommended by the Debian Python
+ maintainers.
</p>
<p>
- See <tt>man dh_python2</tt> or <tt>man dh_python3</tt> for details.
+ See <tt>man dh_python3</tt> or <tt>man dh_python2</tt> for
+ details.
</p>
</sect>
<sect id="pybuild">
<heading>pybuild</heading>
<p>
- Pybuild is a Debian Python specific build system that invokes various
- build systems for requested Python versions in order to build modules
- and extensions. It supports automatically building for multiple Python
- and Python 3 versions.
+ Pybuild is a Debian Python specific build system that invokes
+ various build systems for requested Python versions in order to
+ build modules and extensions. It supports automatically building
+ for multiple Python versions.
</p>
</sect>
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--
\ “The Vatican is not a state.… a state must have people. There |
`\ are no Vaticanians.… No-one gets born in the Vatican except by |
_o__) an unfortunate accident.” —Geoffrey Robertson, 2010-09-18 |
Ben Finney
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