On buster with libavcodec-extra installed:
$ ffmpeg -encoders 2>&1 | grep amr
avcodec configuration: --prefix=/usr --extra-version='1~deb10u1'
--toolchain=hardened --libdir=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
--incdir=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu --arch=amd64 --enable-gpl
--disable-stripping --enable-avresample --disable-filter=resample
--enable-avisynth --enable-gnutls --enable-ladspa --enable-libaom
--enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libbs2b --enable-libcaca
--enable-libcdio --enable-libcodec2 --enable-libflite
--enable-libfontconfig --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi
--enable-libgme --enable-libgsm --enable-libjack --enable-libmp3lame
--enable-libmysofa --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopenmpt
--enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-librsvg
--enable-librubberband --enable-libshine --enable-libsnappy
--enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libssh --enable-libtheora
--enable-libtwolame --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvorbis
--enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libx265
--enable-libxml2 --enable-libxvid --enable-libzmq --enable-libzvbi
--enable-lv2 --enable-omx --enable-openal --enable-opengl
--enable-sdl2 --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libdrm --enable-libiec61883
--enable-chromaprint --enable-frei0r --enable-libx264 --enable-shared
--enable-version3 --disable-doc --disable-programs --enable-liblensfun
--enable-libopencore_amrnb --enable-libopencore_amrwb
--enable-libtesseract --enable-libvo_amrwbenc
A..... libopencore_amrnb OpenCORE AMR-NB (Adaptive Multi-Rate
Narrow-Band) (codec amr_nb)
A..... libvo_amrwbenc Android VisualOn AMR-WB (Adaptive Multi-Rate
Wide-Band) (codec amr_wb)