Hi,
You are noted as the last translator of the translation for
debian-history. The English template has been slightly changed, and now
some messages are marked "fuzzy" in your translation or are missing.
I would be grateful if you could take the time and update it.
Please send the updated file to me, or submit it as a wishlist bug
against debian-history.
The deadline for receiving the updated translation is
2025-05-14.
Thanks in advance,
Helge
--
Dr. Helge Kreutzmann debian@helgefjell.de
Dipl.-Phys. http://www.helgefjell.de/debian.php
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# French translation of the project-history web page # Copyright (C) 1998-2025 Debian French l10n Team <debian-l10n-french@lists.debian.org> # This file is distributed under the same license as the debian-history package. # # Jérôme Rousselot <r.jerome@francemel.com>, 1998. # Patrice Karatchentzeff <p.karatchentzeff@free.fr>, 2000. # Simon Paillard <simon.paillard@enst-bretagne.fr>, 2005, 2006. # Steve Petruzzello <dlist@bluewin.ch>, 2010, 2012, 2013. # Christian Perrier <bubulle@debian.org>, 2013. # Steve Petruzzello <dlist@bluewin.ch>, 2017, 2019 # Jean-Pierre Giraud <jean-pierregiraud@neuf.fr>, 2024-2025. msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: 2.13\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2025-05-04 15:23+0200\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2025-04-23 11:27+0200\n" "Last-Translator: Jean-Pierre Giraud <jean-pierregiraud@neuf.fr>\n" "Language-Team: French <debian-l10n-french@lists.debian.org>\n" "Language: fr\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: utf-8\n" "Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1);\n" "X-Generator: Lokalize 22.12.3\n" #. type: Attribute 'lang' of: <book> #: project-history.en.dbk:8 msgid "en" msgstr "fr" #. type: Content of: <book><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:10 msgid "A Brief History of Debian" msgstr "Bref historique de Debian" #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><releaseinfo> #: project-history.en.dbk:14 msgid "version: &pubversion; (&pubdate;)" msgstr "version : &pubversion; (&pubdate;)" #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><abstract><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:18 msgid "This document describes the history and goals of the Debian project." msgstr "Ce document décrit l'histoire et les objectifs du projet Debian." #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice> #: project-history.en.dbk:24 msgid "" "<copyright> <year>1999-2020</year> <holder> <personname>Debian Documentation " "Team</personname> <email>debian-doc@lists.debian.org</email> </holder> </" "copyright> <copyright> <year>2023</year> <holder> <personname>Debian " "Publicity Team</personname> <email>debian-publicity@lists.debian.org</email> " "</holder> </copyright>" msgstr "" "<copyright> <year>1999-2020</year> <holder> <personname>Debian Documentation " "Team</personname> <email>debian-doc@lists.debian.org</email> </holder> </" "copyright> <copyright> <year>2023-2024</year> <holder> <personname>Debian " "Publicity Team</personname> <email>debian-publicity@lists.debian.org</email> " "</holder> </copyright>" #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><authorgroup><author><personname> #: project-history.en.dbk:41 msgid "Debian Publicity Team" msgstr "Équipe publicité de Debian" #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><authorgroup><author><email> #: project-history.en.dbk:41 msgid "debian-publicity@lists.debian.org" msgstr "debian-publicity@lists.debian.org" #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:45 msgid "" "This document may be freely redistributed or modified in any form provided " "your changes are clearly documented." msgstr "" "Ce document peut être librement redistribué ou modifié tant que vos " "modifications sont clairement mentionnées." #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:48 msgid "" "This document may be redistributed for fee or free, and may be modified " "(including translation from one type of media or file format to another or " "from one spoken language to another) provided that all changes from the " "original are clearly marked as such." msgstr "" "Ce document peut être redistribué contre paiement ou gratuitement, et peut " "être modifié (sont concernées les conversions d'un type de média ou de " "format de fichier vers un autre ainsi que les traductions d'une langue vers " "une autre), pourvu que vos modifications soient clairement indiquées comme " "telles." #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:54 msgid "Significant contributions were made to this document by" msgstr "" "Les contributions significatives à l'élaboration du présent document ont été " "faites par :" #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:59 msgid "Javier Fernández-Sanguino <email>jfs@debian.org</email>" msgstr "Javier Fernández-Sanguino <email>jfs@debian.org</email>" #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:64 msgid "Bdale Garbee <email>bdale@debian.org</email>" msgstr "Bdale Garbee <email>bdale@debian.org</email>" #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:69 msgid "Hartmut Koptein <email>koptein@debian.org</email>" msgstr "Hartmut Koptein <email>koptein@debian.org</email>" #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:74 msgid "Nils Lohner <email>lohner@debian.org</email>" msgstr "Nils Lohner <email>lohner@debian.org</email>" #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:79 msgid "Will Lowe <email>lowe@debian.org</email>" msgstr "Will Lowe <email>lowe@debian.org</email>" #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:84 msgid "Bill Mitchell <email>Bill.Mitchell@pobox.com</email>" msgstr "Bill Mitchell <email>Bill.Mitchell@pobox.com</email>" #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:89 msgid "Ian Murdock" msgstr "Ian Murdock" #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:94 msgid "Martin Schulze <email>joey@debian.org</email>" msgstr "Martin Schulze <email>joey@debian.org</email>" #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo><legalnotice><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:99 msgid "Craig Small <email>csmall@debian.org</email>" msgstr "Craig Small <email>csmall@debian.org</email>" # # #. 978-0-123456-47-2 is a phony ISBN. It's needed to make sure that the #. package is reproducible (to make xsltproc to always generate the same IDs #. in the <dc:identifier ...>_idm45693929660992</dc:identifier> #. See full explanation of the fix investigated by Chris Lamb: #. https://alioth-lists.debian.net/pipermail/reproducible-builds/Week-of-Mon-20250303/015033.html #. type: Content of: <book><bookinfo> #: project-history.en.dbk:106 msgid " <biblioid class=\"isbn\">978-0-123456-47-2</biblioid>" msgstr " <biblioid class=\"isbn\">978-0-123456-47-2</biblioid>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:118 msgid "Introduction -- What is the Debian Project?" msgstr "Introduction — Qu'est-ce que le Projet Debian ?" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:120 msgid "" "<ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/\";>The Debian Project</ulink> is a " "worldwide group of volunteers who endeavor to produce an operating system " "distribution that is composed entirely of free software. The principle " "product of the project to date is the Debian GNU/Linux software " "distribution, which includes the Linux operating system kernel, and " "thousands of prepackaged applications. Various processor types are " "supported to one extent or another, including 32 and 64 bit x86, ARM, MIPS, " "PowerPC and IBM S/390." msgstr "" "Le <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/\";>projet Debian</ulink> est un " "groupe mondial de volontaires qui s'efforcent de produire un système " "d'exploitation qui soit composé exclusivement de logiciels libres. Le " "principal produit de ce projet est la distribution Debian GNU/Linux, qui " "inclut le noyau Linux ainsi que des milliers d'applications préempaquetées. " "Divers types de processeurs sont gérés à des degrés divers, en incluant les " "architectures x86 32 ou 64 bits, ARM, MIPS, PowerPC et IBM S/390." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:129 msgid "" "Debian motivated the formation of <ulink url=\"https://www.spi-inc.org/"; "\">Software in the Public Interest, Inc.,</ulink> a New York-based non-" "profit organization. SPI was founded to help Debian and other similar " "organizations develop and distribute open hardware and software. Among " "other things, SPI provides a mechanism by which The Debian Project may " "accept contributions that are tax deductible in the United States." msgstr "" "Debian a encouragé la formation de <ulink url=\"https://www.spi-inc.orgi/"; "\">Software in the Public Interest, Inc.,</ulink> une organisation à but non " "lucratif basée à New York. SPI a été fondée pour aider Debian et d'autres " "organisations similaires à développer et distribuer du matériel et des " "programmes ouverts. Entre autres, SPI fournit un mécanisme permettant au " "Projet Debian d'accepter des dons qui peuvent être défiscalisés aux États-" "Unis d'Amérique." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:137 msgid "" "For more information about free software, see the <ulink url=\"https://"; "www.debian.org/social_contract\">Debian Social Contract</ulink> and " "associated Debian Free Software Guidelines, or the <ulink url=\"https://"; "www.debian.org/intro/free\">Debian What Does Free Mean?</ulink> page." msgstr "" "Pour en apprendre davantage sur le logiciel libre, vous pouvez lire la page " "du <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/social_contract\";>Contrat social de " "Debian</ulink> ainsi que le document associé des directives pour le logiciel " "libre Debian ou encore la page <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/intro/"; "free\">Que signifie libre pour Debian ?</ulink>" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:144 msgid "In the Beginning" msgstr "Au début" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:146 msgid "" "The Debian Project was officially founded by Ian Murdock on <ulink " "url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/DebianHistory?"; "action=AttachFile&do=get&target=Debian-" "announcement-1993.txt\">August 16th, 1993</ulink>. (There is also a <ulink " "url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/DebianHistory?"; "action=AttachFile&do=get&target=Debian-announcement-1993-pic-by-" "Ian_Murdock.png\">scanned printout</ulink> of that announcement.) At that " "time, the whole concept of a \"distribution\" of Linux was new. Ian " "intended Debian to be a distribution which would be made openly, in the " "spirit of Linux and GNU (read his manifesto provided as an appendix to this " "document for more details). The creation of Debian was sponsored by the " "FSF's GNU project for one year (November 1994 to November 1995)." msgstr "" "Le Projet Debian a été officiellement fondé par Ian Murdock le <ulink " "url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/DebianHistory?"; "action=AttachFile&do=get&target=Debian-" "announcement-1993.txt\">16 août 1993</ulink> (il existe également un <ulink " "url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/DebianHistory?"; "action=AttachFile&do=get&target=Debian-announcement-1993-pic-by-" "Ian_Murdock.png\">document numérisé</ulink> de cette annonce). À cette " "époque, le concept même de « distribution Linux » était totalement novateur. " "Ian souhaitait que Debian soit une distribution construite de manière " "ouverte, dans l'esprit du développement du noyau Linux et de GNU (lisez son " "manifeste fourni en appendice à ce document pour en connaître davantage). La " "création de Debian a été parrainée par le Projet GNU de la FSF pendant une " "année (novembre 1994 à novembre 1995)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:158 msgid "" "Debian was meant to be carefully and conscientiously put together, and to be " "maintained and supported with similar care. It started as a small, tightly-" "knit group of Free Software hackers, and gradually grew to become a large, " "well-organized community of developers and users." msgstr "" "Debian voulait être élaborée soigneusement et consciencieusement, entretenue " "et gérée avec autant d'attention. Cela a commencé par un petit groupe de " "hackers du logiciel libre qui a grandi pour devenir une grande communauté " "organisée de développeurs et d'utilisateurs." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:164 msgid "" "When it began, Debian was the only distribution that was open for every " "developer and user to contribute their work. It remains the most " "significant distributor of Linux that is not a commercial entity. It is the " "only large project with a constitution, social contract, and policy " "documents to organize the project. Debian is also the only distribution " "which is \"micro packaged\" using detailed dependency information regarding " "inter-package relationships to ensure system consistency across upgrades." msgstr "" "À ses débuts, Debian était la seule distribution ouverte aux contributions " "de tout développeur ou utilisateur. C'est toujours le seul distributeur " "Linux majeur qui ne soit pas une entité commerciale. C'est le seul projet " "important disposant d'une constitution, d'un contrat social et de chartes " "pour organiser le projet. Debian est également la seule distribution " "« microempaquetée » utilisant des informations détaillées sur les " "dépendances entre les paquets, afin d'assurer la cohérence du système lors " "des mises à jour." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:173 msgid "" "To achieve and maintain high standards of quality, Debian has adopted an " "extensive set of policies and procedures for packaging and delivering " "software. These standards are backed up by tools, automation, and " "documentation implementing all of Debian's key elements in an open and " "visible way." msgstr "" "Pour atteindre et maintenir de hauts standards de qualité, Debian a adopté " "un vaste ensemble de chartes et de procédures pour l'empaquetage et la mise " "à disposition des logiciels. Ces standards s'appuient sur des outils, de " "l'automatisation et de la documentation qui implémentent tous les éléments " "clés de Debian d'une manière ouverte et transparente." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:180 msgid "Pronouncing Debian" msgstr "Comment prononcer Debian ?" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:182 msgid "" "The official pronunciation of Debian is 'deb ee n'. The name comes from the " "names of the creator of Debian, Ian Murdock, and his wife, Debra." msgstr "" "La prononciation officielle de Debian est « déb-yann ». Le nom tire son " "origine des prénoms du créateur de Debian, Ian Murdock, et de son épouse, " "Debra." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:189 msgid "Leadership" msgstr "Chefs du projet Debian" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:191 msgid "Debian has had several leaders since its beginnings in 1993." msgstr "Debian a eu plusieurs dirigeants depuis ses débuts en 1993." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:194 msgid "Ian Murdock founded Debian in August 1993 and led it until March 1996." msgstr "" "Ian Murdock a fondé Debian en août 1993 et a mené le projet jusqu'en " "mars 1996." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:197 msgid "Bruce Perens led Debian from April 1996 until December 1997." msgstr "Bruce Perens a dirigé Debian d'avril 1996 à décembre 1997." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:200 msgid "Ian Jackson led Debian from January 1998 until December 1998." msgstr "Ian Jackson a dirigé Debian de janvier 1998 à décembre 1998." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:203 msgid "Wichert Akkerman led Debian from January 1999 until March 2001." msgstr "Wichert Akkerman a dirigé Debian de janvier 1999 à mars 2001." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:206 msgid "Ben Collins led Debian from April 2001 until April 2002." msgstr "Ben Collins a dirigé Debian d'avril 2001 à avril 2002." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:209 msgid "Bdale Garbee led Debian from April 2002 until April 2003." msgstr "Bdale Garbee a dirigé Debian d'avril 2002 à avril 2003." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:212 msgid "Martin Michlmayr led Debian from March 2003 until March 2005." msgstr "Martin Michlmayr a dirigé Debian de mars 2003 à mars 2005." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:215 msgid "Branden Robinson led Debian from April 2005 until April 2006." msgstr "Branden Robinson a dirigé Debian d'avril 2005 à avril 2006." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:218 msgid "Anthony Towns led Debian from April 2006 until April 2007." msgstr "Anthony Towns a dirigé Debian d'avril 2006 à avril 2007." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:221 msgid "Sam Hocevar led Debian from April 2007 until April 2008." msgstr "Sam Hocevar a dirigé Debian d'avril 2007 à avril 2008." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:224 msgid "Steve McIntyre led Debian from April 2008 until April 2010." msgstr "Steve McIntyre a dirigé Debian d'avril 2008 à avril 2010." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:227 msgid "Stefano Zacchiroli led Debian from April 2010 until April 2013." msgstr "Stefano Zacchiroli a dirigé Debian d'avril 2010 à avril 2013." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:230 msgid "Lucas Nussbaum led Debian from April 2013 until April 2015." msgstr "Lucas Nussbaum a dirigé Debian d'avril 2013 à avril 2015." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:233 msgid "Neil McGovern led Debian from April 2015 until April 2016." msgstr "Neil McGovern a dirigé Debian d'avril 2015 à avril 2016." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:236 msgid "Mehdi Dogguy led Debian from April 2016 until April 2017." msgstr "Mehdi Dogguy a dirigé Debian d'avril 2016 à avril 2017. " #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:239 msgid "Chris Lamb led Debian from April 2017 until April 2019." msgstr "Chris Lamb a dirigé Debian d'avril 2017 à avril 2019." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:242 msgid "Sam Hartman led Debian from April 2019 until April 2020." msgstr "Sam Hartman a dirigé Debian d'avril 2019 à avril 2020." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:245 msgid "Jonathan Carter led Debian from April 2020 until April 2024." msgstr "Jonathan Carter a dirigé Debian d'avril 2020 à avril 2024." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:248 msgid "Andreas Tille was elected in April 2024 and is our current leader." msgstr "" "Andreas Tille a été élu en avril 2024 et est notre chef de projet actuel." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:252 msgid "Debian Releases" msgstr "Les versions de Debian" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:254 msgid "Debian 0.01 through 0.90 (August-December 1993)" msgstr "Debian 0.01 jusqu'à 0.90 (d'août à décembre 1993)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:257 msgid "" "Debian 0.91 (January 1994): This release had a simple package system which " "could install and uninstall packages. The project had grown to several " "dozen people at this point." msgstr "" "Debian 0.91 (janvier 1994) : cette version avait un système de paquets " "simpliste qui permettait d'installer et de désinstaller des paquets. Le " "nombre de membres du projet a grandi à plusieurs dizaines de personnes à ce " "moment." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:262 msgid "" "Debian 0.93R5 (March 1995): Responsibility for each package was clearly " "assigned to a developer by this point, and the package manager " "(<command>dpkg</command>) was used to install packages after the " "installation of a base system." msgstr "" "Debian 0.93R5 (mars 1995) : la responsabilité de chaque paquet a été " "clairement assignée à un développeur à partir de cette date, et le " "gestionnaire de paquets (<command>dpkg</command>) a été utilisé pour " "installer les paquets après l'installation d'un système de base." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:268 msgid "" "Debian 0.93R6 (November 1995): <command>dselect</command> appears. This was " "the last Debian release using the a.out binary format; there were about 60 " "developers. The first master.debian.org server was built by Bdale Garbee " "and hosted by HP in parallel with the 0.93R6 release. The deployment of an " "explicit master server on which Debian developers would construct each " "release led directly to the formation of the Debian mirror network, and " "indirectly to the development of many of the policies and procedures used to " "manage the project today." msgstr "" "Debian 0.93R6 (novembre 1995) : apparition de <command>dselect</command>. Ce " "fut la dernière version de Debian au format binaire a.out. Il y avait " "environ 60 développeurs. Le premier serveur master.debian.org a été " "construit par Bdale Garbee et hébergé par HP, parallèlement au développement " "de la version 0.93R6. Le déploiement d'un serveur maître explicite, sur " "lequel les développeurs Debian construiraient chaque version, a conduit " "directement à la création d'un réseau de miroirs Debian, et indirectement au " "développement de nombreuses chartes et procédures utilisées aujourd'hui pour " "gérer le projet." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:278 msgid "" "Debian 1.0 was never released: InfoMagic, a CD vendor, accidentally shipped " "a development release of Debian and entitled it 1.0. On December 11th 1995, " "Debian and InfoMagic jointly announced that this release was screwed. Bruce " "Perens explains that the data placed on the \"InfoMagic Linux Developer's " "Resource 5-CD Set November 1995\" as \"Debian 1.0\" is not the Debian 1.0 " "release, but an early development version which is only partially in the ELF " "format, will probably not boot or run correctly, and does not represent the " "quality of a released Debian system. To prevent confusion between the " "premature CD version and the actual Debian release, the Debian Project has " "renamed its next release to \"Debian 1.1\". The premature Debian 1.0 on CD " "is deprecated and should not be used." msgstr "" "Debian 1.0 n'est jamais parue : « InfoMagic », un revendeur de CD, livra " "accidentellement la version de développement de Debian sous le nom 1.0. En " "décembre 1995, Debian et InfoMagic annoncèrent conjointement que cette " "version était déclarée radiée. Bruce Perens expliquait alors que les " "fichiers présents dans le « InfoMagic Linux Developer's Resource 5-CD Set " "November 1995 » annoncé comme « Debian 1.0 » ne constituaient pas la " "version 1.0 de Debian, mais une version de développement précédente qui " "n'était que partiellement au format ELF, ne s'amorçait probablement pas " "correctement et ne représentait pas la qualité d'un système Debian officiel. " "Pour éviter la confusion entre cette version prématurée et la version réelle " "de Debian, le projet Debian a renommé sa version suivante « Debian 1.1 ». La " "version prématurée de Debian 1.0 sur CD n'est pas reconnue et ne devrait pas " "être utilisée." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:291 msgid "" "The hosting of master.debian.org moved from HP to i-Connect.Net around the " "end of 1995. Michael Neuffer and Shimon Shapiro, founders of i-Connect.Net, " "hosted master on their own hardware for a little more than a year. During " "this time, they provided many services to Debian, including running what was " "essentially the New Maintainer process of the day, and significantly aiding " "the growth of the early Debian mirror network." msgstr "" "L'hébergement de master.debian.org a été déplacé de HP à i-Connect.Net à la " "fin de l'année 1995. Michael Neuffer et Shimon Shapiro, fondateurs de i-" "Connect.Net, ont hébergé le serveur maître sur leur propre matériel pendant " "un peu plus d'une année. Pendant cette période, ils ont fourni de nombreux " "services à Debian, en incluant le processus de nouveau responsable du jour " "et en aidant significativement la croissance du nouveau réseau de miroirs " "Debian." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:299 msgid "" "Debian 1.1 <emphasis>Buzz</emphasis> (June 17th, 1996): This was the first " "Debian release with a code name. It was taken, like all others so far, from " "a character in one of the <emphasis>Toy Story</emphasis> movies... in this " "case, Buzz Lightyear. By this time, Bruce Perens had taken over leadership " "of the Project from Ian Murdock, and Bruce was working at Pixar, the company " "that produced the movies. This release was fully ELF, used Linux kernel " "2.0, and contained 474 packages." msgstr "" "Debian 1.1 <emphasis>Buzz</emphasis> (17 juin 1996) : ce fut la première " "version de Debian portant un nom de code. Il a été choisi, comme tous les " "autres par la suite, d'après les personnages du film <emphasis>Toy Story</" "emphasis> et dans le cas présent d'après celui de <emphasis>Buzz Lightyear</" "emphasis> (Buzz l'éclair). À ce moment, Bruce Perens prenait la succession " "de Ian Murdock à la direction du projet Debian et travaillait alors pour " "Pixar, la société qui produisait ces films. Cette version était 100 %ELF, " "utilisait le noyau Linux 2.0 et contenait 474 paquets." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:308 msgid "" "Debian 1.2 <emphasis>Rex</emphasis> (December 12th, 1996): Named for the " "plastic dinosaur in the <emphasis>Toy Story</emphasis> movies. This release " "consisted of 848 packages maintained by 120 developers" msgstr "" "Debian 1.2 <emphasis>Rex</emphasis> (12 décembre 1996) : ce nom est celui du " "dinosaure en plastique du film. Cette version consistait en 848 paquets " "entretenus par 120 développeurs." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:313 msgid "" "Debian 1.3 <emphasis>Bo</emphasis> (June 5th, 1997): Named for Bo Peep, the " "shepherdess. This release consisted of 974 packages maintained by 200 " "developers." msgstr "" "Debian 1.3 <emphasis>Bo</emphasis> (5 juin 1997) : ce nom est tiré de « Bo " "Beep », la bergère. Elle contenait 974 paquets entretenus par " "200 développeurs." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:318 msgid "" "Debian 2.0 <emphasis>Hamm</emphasis> (July 24th, 1998): Named for the piggy-" "bank in the <emphasis>Toy Story</emphasis> movies. This was the first multi-" "architecture release of Debian, adding support for the Motorola 68000 series " "architectures. With Ian Jackson as Project Leader, this release made the " "transition to libc6, and consisted of over 1500 packages maintained by over " "400 developers." msgstr "" "Debian 2.0 <emphasis>Hamm</emphasis> (24 juillet 1998) : nom du cochon du " "film. Ce fut la première version multi-architecture de Debian, avec la " "gestion de l'architecture 68k de Motorola. Cette version (encadrée par Ian " "Jackson comme chef de Projet) a marqué la transition vers la bibliothèque " "libc6, proposait plus de 1500 paquets et était produite par 400 développeurs." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:326 msgid "" "Debian 2.1 <emphasis>Slink</emphasis> (March 9th, 1999): Named for the " "slinky-dog in the movie. Two more architectures were added, <ulink " "url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/alpha/\";>Alpha</ulink> and <ulink " "url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/sparc/\";>SPARC</ulink>. With Wichert " "Akkerman as Project Leader, this release consisted of about 2250 packages " "and required 2 CDs in the official set. The key technical innovation was " "the introduction of apt, a new package management interface. Widely " "emulated, apt addressed issues resulting from Debian's continuing growth, " "and established a new paradigm for package acquisition and installation on " "Open Source operating systems." msgstr "" "Debian 2.1 <emphasis>Slink</emphasis> (sortie le 9 mars 1999) : nom du chien " "du film. Deux architectures y ont été ajoutées, <ulink url=\"https://"; "www.debian.org/ports/alpha/\">Alpha</ulink> et <ulink url=\"https://"; "www.debian.org/ports/sparc/\">SPARC</ulink>. Avec Wichert Akkerman comme " "chef du Projet, cette version consistait d'environ 2 250 paquets qui tenait " "sur deux CD de la suite officielle. L'apport technique majeur était " "l'introduction de apt, une nouvelle interface de gestion de paquets. " "Largement imitée, apt répondait aux problèmes résultant de la croissance de " "Debian et établissait ainsi un nouveau paradigme pour l'acquisition et " "l'installation de paquets sur les systèmes d'exploitation libres. " #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:337 msgid "" "Debian 2.2 <emphasis>Potato</emphasis> (15 August 2000): Named for \"Mr " "Potato Head\" in the <emphasis>Toy Story</emphasis> movies. This release " "added support for the <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/powerpc/"; "\">PowerPC</ulink> and <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/arm/\";>ARM</" "ulink> architectures. With Wichert still serving as Project Leader, this " "release consisted of more than 3900 binary packages derived from over 2600 " "source packages maintained by more than 450 Debian developers." msgstr "" "Debian 2.2 <emphasis>Potato</emphasis> (publiée le 15 août 2000) : d'après " "le nom « Potato Head » des films <emphasis>Toy Story</emphasis>. Cette " "version a ajouté la gestion pour les architectures <ulink url=\"https://"; "www.debian.org/ports/powerpc/\">PowerPC</ulink> et <ulink url=\"https://"; "www.debian.org/ports/arm/\">ARM</ulink>. Avec Wichert menant encore le " "Projet, cette version consistait en plus de 3900 paquets binaires dérivés de " "plus de 2600 paquets sources entretenus par plus de 450 développeurs Debian." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:346 msgid "" "Debian 3.0 <emphasis>Woody</emphasis> (19 July 2002): Named for the main " "character the <emphasis>Toy Story</emphasis> movies: \"Woody\" the cowboy. " "Even more architectures were added in this release: <ulink url=\"https://"; "www.debian.org/ports/ia64/\">IA-64</ulink>, <ulink url=\"https://"; "www.debian.org/ports/hppa/\">HP PA-RISC</ulink>, <ulink url=\"https://"; "www.debian.org/ports/mips/\">MIPS (big endian)</ulink>, <ulink url=\"https://"; "www.debian.org/ports/mipsel/\">MIPS (little endian)</ulink> and <ulink " "url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/s390/\";>S/390</ulink>. This is also the " "first release to include cryptographic software due to the restrictions for " "exportation being <emphasis>lightened</emphasis> in the US, and also the " "first one to include KDE, now that the license issues with Qt were " "resolved. With Bdale Garbee recently appointed Project Leader, and more " "than 900 Debian developers, this release contained around 8,500 binary " "packages and 7 binary CDs in the official set." msgstr "" "Debian 3.0 <emphasis>Woody</emphasis> (parue le 19 juillet 2002) : nom du " "cowboy, personnage principal de la série de films <emphasis>Toy Story</" "emphasis>. Encore plus d'architectures ont été ajoutées à cette version : " "<ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/ia64/\";>IA-64</ulink>, <ulink " "url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/hppa/\";>HP PA-RISC</ulink>, <ulink " "url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/mips/\";>MIPS (big endian)</ulink>, <ulink " "url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/mipsel/\";>MIPS (little endian)</ulink> et " "<ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/s390/\";>S/390</ulink>. C'était " "également la première version intégrant des logiciels de cryptographie suite " "aux allégements de restriction à l'exportation aux USA, et aussi la première " "incluant KDE, les problèmes de licence de Qt ayant été résolus. Bdale Garbee " "ayant été récemment désigné comme chef du Projet, plus de 900 développeurs " "Debian ont permis la publication de cette version contenant environ " "8500 paquets binaires qui tenaient sur un ensemble officiel de 7 CD." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:362 msgid "" "Debian 3.1 <emphasis>Sarge</emphasis> (6 June 2005): named for the sergeant " "of the Green Plastic Army Men. No new architectures were added to the " "release, although an unofficial AMD64 port was published at the same time " "and distributed through the new Alioth project hosting site. This release " "features a new installer: <emphasis>debian-installer</emphasis>, a modular " "piece of software that feature automatic hardware detection, unattended " "installation features and was released fully translated to over thirty " "languages. It was also the first release to include a full office suite: " "OpenOffice.org. Branden Robinson had just been appointed as Project " "Leader. This release was made by more than nine hundred Debian developers, " "and contained around 15,400 binary packages and 14 binary CDs in the " "official set." msgstr "" "Debian 3.1 <emphasis>Sarge</emphasis> (publiée le 6 juin 2005) : nommée " "d'après le sergent du « Green Plastic Army Men ». Aucune nouvelle " "architecture n'a été ajoutée à cette version bien qu'une version AMD64 non " "officielle ait été publiée au même moment et distribuée à travers le nouveau " "site d'hébergement de projet Alioth. Cette version proposait le nouvel " "installateur <emphasis>debian-installer</emphasis>, un logiciel modulaire " "intégrant une détection automatique du matériel, une fonctionnalité " "d'installation automatique ainsi qu'une traduction dans plus de trente " "langues. Ce fut également la première version intégrant une suite " "bureautique complète, OpenOffice.org. Brandon Robinson venait d'être désigné " "comme chef du Projet. Plus de 900 développeurs Debian ont contribué à la " "publication de cette version contenant environ 15 400 paquets binaires et " "qui tenait sur 14 CD." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:376 msgid "" "Debian 4.0 <emphasis>Etch</emphasis> (8 April 2007): named for the sketch " "toy in the movie. One architecture was added in this release: <ulink " "url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/amd64/\";>AMD64</ulink>, and official " "support for <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/m68k/\";>m68k</ulink> " "was dropped. This release continued using the <emphasis>debian-installer</" "emphasis>, but featuring in this release a graphical installer, " "cryptographic verification of downloaded packages, more flexible " "partitioning (with support for encrypted partitions), simplified mail " "configuration, a more flexible desktop selection, simplified but improved " "localization and new modes, including a <emphasis>rescue</emphasis> mode. " "New installations would not need to reboot through the installation process " "as the previous two phases of installation were now integrated. This new " "installer provided support for scripts using composed characters and complex " "languages in its graphical version, increasing the number of available " "translations to over fifty. Sam Hocevar was appointed Project Leader the " "very same day, and the project included more than one thousand and thirty " "Debian developers. The release contained around 18,000 binary packages over " "20 binary CDs (3 DVDs) in the official set. There were also two binary CDs " "available to install the system with alternate desktop environments " "different to the default one." msgstr "" "Debian 4.0 <emphasis>Etch</emphasis> publiée le 8 avril 2007. Nom de " "l'ardoise magique dans le film. L'architecture <ulink url=\"https://"; "www.debian.org/ports/amd64/\">AMD64</ulink> a été ajoutée dans cette version " "et la gestion officielle de <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/m68k/"; "\">m68k</ulink> supprimée. Cette version continua d'utiliser " "l'<emphasis>installateur Debian</emphasis> classique mais une version " "graphique y a été ajoutée, ainsi qu'une vérification cryptographique des " "paquets téléchargés, un partitionnement plus flexible (avec la gestion de " "partitions chiffrées), une simplification de la configuration du courrier " "électronique, une sélection plus flexible des environnements de bureau, une " "régionalisation simplifiée mais améliorée et de nouveaux modes incluant un " "mode de <emphasis>secours</emphasis> (rescue mode). Les nouvelles " "installations ne requéraient plus un redémarrage puisque les deux premières " "phases d'installation étaient maintenant intégrées. Ce nouvel installateur " "fournissait également la gestion de scripts utilisant les caractères " "composés et des langages complexes pour le mode graphique, ce qui amenait le " "nombre de traductions à plus de cinquante. Le jour de la publication, Sam " "Hocevar fût élu chef de Projet et celui-ci comptait plus de " "1030 développeurs Debian. Cette version contenait environ 18 000 paquets " "binaires qui tenaient sur 20 CD (ou 3 DVD) dans l'ensemble officiel. Deux CD " "étaient également disponibles pour installer des environnements de bureau " "différents de celui par défaut." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:397 msgid "" "Debian 5.0 <emphasis>Lenny</emphasis> (February 2009): named for the wind up " "binoculars in the <emphasis>Toy Story</emphasis> movies. One architecture " "was added in this release: <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/"; "ArmEabiPort\">ARM EABI</ulink> (or <emphasis>armel</emphasis>), providing " "support for newer ARM processors and deprecating the old ARM port " "(<emphasis>arm</emphasis>). The <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/"; "M68k\">m68k</ulink> port was not included in this release, although it was " "still provided in the <emphasis>unstable</emphasis> distribution. This " "release did not feature the <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/"; "kfreebsd-gnu/\">FreeBSD port</ulink>, although much work on the port had " "been done to make it qualify it did not meet yet the <ulink url=\"https://"; "release.debian.org/lenny/arch_qualify.html\">qualification requirements</" "ulink> for this release." msgstr "" "Debian 5.0 <emphasis>Lenny</emphasis> a été publiée en février 2009. Nommée " "d'après les jumelles dans le film. L'architecture <ulink url=\"https://"; "wiki.debian.org/ArmEabiPort\">ARM EABI</ulink> (ou <emphasis>armel</" "emphasis>) a été ajoutée dans cette version, permettant la gestion des " "nouveaux processeurs ARM rendant ainsi obsolète le vieux portage ARM " "(<emphasis>arm</emphasis>). Le portage <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/"; "M68k\">m68k</ulink> ne fut pas inclus dans cette version bien qu'il était " "toujours fourni dans la distribution <emphasis>unstable</emphasis>. Cette " "version ne proposait pas non plus le portage <ulink url=\"https://"; "www.debian.org/ports/kfreebsd-gnu/\">FreeBSD</ulink>, malgré tout le travail " "pour le rendre <ulink url=\"https://release.debian.org/lenny/"; "arch_qualify.html\">éligible</ulink>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:412 msgid "" "Support of small factor devices in this release was increased by the added " "support for Marvell's Orion platform which was used in many storage devices " "and also provided supported several Netbooks. Some new build tools were " "added which allowed Debian packages to be cross-built and shrunk for " "embedded ARM systems. Also, netbooks of varied vendors were now supported " "and the distribution provided software more suitable for computers with " "relatively low performance." msgstr "" "La gestion des périphériques de petite taille a été améliorée dans cette " "version par l'ajout de la plateforme Orion de Marvell qui est utilisée dans " "de nombreux supports de stockage et de Netbooks. De nouveaux outils de " "construction (build) ont été ajoutés, ce qui a permis aux paquets de Debian " "d'être compilés de manière croisée et réduits pour les systèmes ARM " "embarqués. De même, des netbooks de divers marques étaient gérés et la " "distribution fournissait des logiciels plus adaptés pour des ordinateurs " "ayant des performances relativement faibles." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:421 msgid "" "It was also the first release to provide free versions of Sun's Java " "technology, making it possible to provide Java applications in the " "<emphasis>main</emphasis> section." msgstr "" "C'était également la première version qui fournissait la version libre de la " "technologie Java de Sun, rendant possible la distribution d'applications " "Java dans la section <emphasis>main</emphasis>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:426 msgid "" "Debian 6.0 <emphasis>Squeeze</emphasis> (February 2011): named for the green " "three-eyed aliens." msgstr "" "Debian 6.0 <emphasis>Squeeze</emphasis> (février 2011) : nom de " "l'extraterrestre vert aux trois yeux dans le film." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:430 msgid "" "The release was frozen on August 6, 2010, with many of the Debian developers " "gathered at the 10th DebConf at New York City." msgstr "" "Cette version a été gelée le 6 août 2010 au cours de la dixième DebConf qui " "s'est tenue à New York en présence de nombreux développeurs Debian." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:434 msgid "" "While two architectures (alpha and hppa) were dropped, two architectures of " "the new <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/kfreebsd-gnu/\";>FreeBSD " "port</ulink> (kfreebsd-i386 and kfreebsd-amd64) were made available as " "<emphasis>technology preview</emphasis>, including the kernel and userland " "tools as well as common server software (though not advanced desktop " "features yet). This was the first time a Linux distribution has been " "extended to also allow use of a non-Linux kernel." msgstr "" "Alors que deux architecture étaient abandonnées (alpha et hppa), le nouveau " "portage <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/kfreebsd-gnu/\";>FreeBSD</" "ulink> (kfreebsd-i386 et kfreebsd-amd64) a été mis à disposition comme " "<emphasis>aperçu technologique</emphasis>, incluant le noyau et les outils " "en espace utilisateur ainsi que les applications serveurs usuelles (mais " "aucune fonctionnalité de bureau avancée). C'était la première fois qu'une " "distribution Linux était étendue à l'utilisation d'un noyau autre que Linux." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:443 msgid "" "The new release introduced a dependency based boot sequence, which allowed " "for parallel init script processing, speeding system startup." msgstr "" "La nouvelle version introduisait une séquence de démarrage basée sur les " "dépendances, ce qui permet la parallélisation de l'exécution des scripts " "d'initialisation et accélère le démarrage du système." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:447 msgid "" "Debian 6 was the first release that benefited from Long Term Support (LTS), " "a project to extend the lifetime of all Debian stable releases to (at " "least) 5 years. Debian LTS was not handled by the Debian Security team, but " "by a separate group of volunteers and companies interested in making it a " "success. Debian 6 was supported until the end of February 2016, and limited " "to i386 and amd64 architectures." msgstr "" "Debian 6 est la première version à avoir bénéficié du suivi à long terme " "(LTS), un projet destiné à allonger la durée de vie de toutes les versions " "stables à (au moins) cinq ans. Debian LTS n'est pas gérée par l'équipe en " "charge de la sécurité de Debian, mais par un groupe distinct de bénévoles et " "de sociétés intéressés à son succès. Debian 6 a été prise en charge jusqu'à " "la fin de février 2016, mais limitée aux architectures i386 et amd64." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:456 msgid "" "Debian 7.0 <emphasis>Wheezy</emphasis> (May 2013): named for the rubber toy " "penguin with a red bow tie." msgstr "" "Debian 7.0 <emphasis>Wheezy</emphasis> (mai 2013) : nom du manchot en " "caoutchouc avec un nœud papillon rouge." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:460 msgid "" "The release was frozen on June 30, 2012, very close to the Debian developers " "gathering in the 12th DebConf at Managua, Nicaragua." msgstr "" "Cette version a été gelée le 30 juin 2012 juste avant la treizième " "conférence des développeurs Debian (DebConf12) qui s'est tenue à Managua au " "Nicaragua." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:464 msgid "" "One architecture was included in this release (armhf) and this release " "introduced multi-arch support, which allowed users to install packages from " "multiple architectures on the same machine. Improvements in the " "installation process allowed visually impaired people to install the system " "using software speech for the first time." msgstr "" "L'architecture <emphasis>armhf</emphasis> a été incluse dans cette version " "ainsi que la gestion multi-architecture, ce qui permet aux utilisateurs " "d'installer des paquets d'architectures différentes sur la même machine. Des " "améliorations dans le processus d'installation ont permis aux personnes " "ayant une déficience visuelle d'installer le système en utilisant pour la " "première fois un logiciel de synthèse vocale." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:471 msgid "" "This was also the first release that supported the installation and booting " "in devices using UEFI firmware." msgstr "" "C'était également la première version à gérer l'installation et le démarrage " "sur des périphériques utilisant le micrologiciel UEFI." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:475 msgid "" "Debian 7 had Long Term Support (LTS) for i386, amd64, armel and armhf " "architectures until the end of May 2018." msgstr "" "Debian 7 a bénéficié du suivi à long terme (LTS) pour les architectures " "i386, amd64, armel et armhf jusqu'à la fin du mois de mai 2018." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:479 msgid "" "Debian 8 <emphasis>Jessie</emphasis> (April 2015): named for the cow girl " "doll who first appeared in Toy Story 2." msgstr "" "Debian 8.0 <emphasis>Jessie</emphasis> (avril 2015) : nom de la poupée " "vachère apparue dans Toy Story 2." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:483 msgid "" "This release introduced for the first time the systemd init system as " "default. Two new architectures were introduced: arm64 and ppc64el and three " "architectures were dropped: s390 (replaced by s390x), ia64 and sparc. The " "Sparc architecture had been present in Debian for 16 years, but lacked " "developer support to make it maintainable in the distribution." msgstr "" "Cette version a introduit pour la première fois le système d'initialisation " "<emphasis>systemd</emphasis> par défaut. Deux nouvelles architectures ont " "été introduites : arm64 et ppc64el. Trois architectures ont été supprimées : " "s390 (remplacée par s390x), ia64 et sparc. L'architecture sparc était " "présente dans Debian depuis 16 ans, mais manquait de développeurs pour la " "garder dans la distribution." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:490 msgid "" "The release included many security improvements such as a new kernel that " "nullified a whole set of security vulnerabilities (symlink attacks), a new " "way to detect packages which were under security support, more packages " "built with hardened compiler flags and a new mechanism (needrestart) to " "detect sub-systems which had to be restarted in order to propagate security " "updates after an upgrade." msgstr "" "De nombreuses améliorations de sécurité ont été introduites dans cette " "version telles qu'un nouveau noyau qui supprimait de fait tout un ensemble " "de vulnérabilités (attaque par liens symboliques), une nouvelle manière de " "détecter les paquets possédant une gestion de la sécurité, davantage de " "paquets construits avec des options du compilateur renforçant la sécurité et " "un nouveau mécanisme (needrestart) permettant de détecter les sous-systèmes " "nécessitant d'être redémarrés afin de propager les mises à jour de sécurité " "après une mise à niveau." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:498 msgid "" "Debian 8 had Long Term Support (LTS) for i386, amd64, armel and armhf " "architectures until the end of June 2020." msgstr "" "Debian 8 a bénéficié du suivi à long terme (LTS) pour les architectures " "i386, amd64, armel et armhf jusqu'à la fin du mois de juin 2020." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:502 msgid "" "Debian 9 <emphasis>Stretch</emphasis> (June 2017): named for the toy rubber " "octopus with suckers on her eight long arms that appeared in Toy Story 3." msgstr "" "Debian 9 <emphasis>Stretch</emphasis> (juin 2017) : nom du poulpe en " "caoutchouc qui possède des ventouses sur ses huit longs bras et qui apparut " "dans Toy Story 3." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:506 msgid "The release was frozen on February 7th, 2017." msgstr "Cette version a été gelée le 7 février 2017." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:509 msgid "" "Debian 9 was dedicated to the project's founder Ian Murdock, who passed away " "on 28 December 2015." msgstr "" "Debian 9 a été dédiée au fondateur du projet Ian Murdock décédé le " "28 décembre 2015." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:513 msgid "" "Support for the powerpc architecture was dropped in this release, whileas " "the mips64el architecture was introduced. This release introduced debug " "packages with a new repository in the archive, packages from this repository " "provided debug symbols automatically for packages. Firefox and Thunderbird " "returned to Debian, replacing their debranded versions Iceweasel and " "Icedove, which were present in the archive for more than 10 years. Thanks " "to the Reproducible Builds project, over 90% of the source packages included " "in Debian 9 were able to build bit-for-bit identical binary packages." msgstr "" "La gestion de l'architecture powerpc est supprimée alors que celle pour " "l'architecture mips64el est introduite. Cette version a introduit les " "paquets de débogage avec un dépôt dédié dans l'archive. Ces paquets " "fournissent automatiquement les symboles de débogage des paquets. Firefox et " "Thunderbird sont de retour dans Debian, remplaçant les versions démarquées " "Iceweasel et Icedove qui étaient présentes dans l'archive depuis plus de dix " "ans. Grâce au projet des Constructions reproductibles, plus de 90 % des " "paquets source fournis dans Debian 9 construisaient des paquets binaires " "identiques au bit près." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:523 msgid "" "Debian 9 had Long Term Support (LTS) for i386, amd64, armel and armhf " "architectures until the end of June 2022." msgstr "" "Debian 9 a bénéficié du suivi à long terme (LTS) pour les architectures " "i386, amd64, armel et armhf jusqu'à la fin du mois de juin 2022." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:528 msgid "" "Debian 10 <emphasis>Buster</emphasis> (July 2019): named for Andy's pet dog, " "received as Christmas present in the end of Toy Story." msgstr "" "Debian 10 <emphasis>Buster</emphasis> (juillet 2019) : nom du chien d'Andy " "reçu comme cadeau de Noël apparaissant à la fin de Toy Story." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:532 msgid "" "With this release Debian for the first time included a mandatory access " "control framework enabled per default (AppArmor). It was also the first " "Debian release to ship with Rust based programs such as Firefox, ripgrep, " "fd, exa, etc. and a significant number of Rust based libraries (more than " "450). In Debian 10 GNOME defaults to using the Wayland display server " "instead of Xorg, providing a simpler and more modern design and advantages " "for security. The UEFI (\"Unified Extensible Firmware Interface\") support " "first introduced in Debian 7 continued to be greatly improved in Debian 10, " "being included for amd64, i386 and arm64 architectures and working out of " "the box on most Secure Boot-enabled machines." msgstr "" "Avec cette version, Debian a inclus pour la première fois AppArmor, un " "cadriciel de contrôle d'accès activé par défaut. C'est aussi la première " "version de Debian à fournir des programmes basés sur Rust tels que Firefox, " "ripgrep, fd, exa, etc., et un nombre significatif de bibliothèques basées " "sur Rust (plus de 450). Dans Debian 10, GNOME utilise par défaut le serveur " "d'affichage Wayland à la place de Xorg. Wayland est de conception plus " "simple et plus moderne, ce qui est avantageux du point de vue de la " "sécurité. La gestion de l'UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface), " "introduite dans Debian 7, a continué à être fortement améliorée dans " "Debian 10 et est incluse pour les architectures amd64, i386 et arm64, " "fonctionnant sans intervention sur la plupart des machines où Secure Boot " "est activé." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:544 msgid "" "Debian 10 had Long Term Support (LTS) for i386, amd64, armel and armhf " "architectures until the end of June 2024." msgstr "" "Debian 10 a bénéficié du suivi à long terme (LTS) pour les architectures " "i386, amd64, armel et armhf jusqu'à la fin du mois de juin 2024." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:549 msgid "" "Debian 11 <emphasis>Bullseye</emphasis> (August 14th, 2021): named for " "Woody's wooden toyhorse that appeared in Toy Story 2." msgstr "" "Debian 11 <emphasis>Bullseye</emphasis> (publiée le 14 août 2021) : nom du " "cheval de Woody apparu dans Toy Story 2." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:553 msgid "" "This release contained over 11,294 new packages for a total count of 59,551 " "packages, along with a significant reduction of over 9,519 packages which " "were marked as \"obsolete\" and removed. 42,821 packages were updated and " "5,434 packages remained unchanged." msgstr "" "Cette version fournissait plus de 11 294 nouveaux paquets sur un total de " "59 551, avec une diminution significative de 9 519 paquets marqués " "« obsolètes » et retirés. 42 821 paquets ont été mis à jour et 5 434 sont " "demeurés inchangés." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:559 msgid "" "Debian 11 allowed driverless printing and scanning without the need for " "vendor specific (often non-free) drivers, and shipped a Linux kernel with " "support for the exFAT filesystem. The mips architecture support was dropped, " "keeping support for mipsel (little-endian) architectures for 32-bit hardware " "and mips64el architecture for 64-bit little-endian hardware." msgstr "" "Debian 11 permettait d'utiliser l'impression et la numérisation sans pilote, " "sans avoir besoin des pilotes spécifiques du fabricant (souvent non libres). " "Elle fournissait un noyau Linux disposant de la prise en charge du système " "de fichiers exFAT. La prise en charge de l'architecture mips était " "supprimée, n'étant gardées que les architectures mipsel (petits boutistes) " "pour le matériel 32 bits et l'architecture mips64el pour le matériel 64 bits " "petit boutiste." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:566 msgid "" "The Debian Med team took part in the fight against COVID-19 by packaging " "software for researching the virus on the sequence level and for fighting " "the pandemic with the tools used in epidemiology; this work continued with " "focus on machine learning tools for both fields." msgstr "" "L'équipe Debian Med a pris part à la lutte contre la COVID-19 en empaquetant " "des paquets pour la recherche sur le virus au niveau de son séquençage et " "pour combattre la pandémie avec les outils utilisés en épidémiologie. Ce " "travail va continuer en mettant l'accent sur les outils d'apprentissage " "automatique dans ces deux domaines." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:574 msgid "" "Debian 12 <emphasis>Bookworm</emphasis> (June 10th, 2023): named for a green " "toy worm with a built-in flashlight that appeared in Toy Story 3." msgstr "" "Debian 12.0 (<emphasis>Bookworm</emphasis>) publiée le 10 juin 2023 : nom du " "ver vert avec une lampe de poche intégrée apparu dans Toy Story 3." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:579 msgid "" "This release contained over 11,089 new packages for a total count of 64,419 " "packages, while over 6,296 packages have been removed as \"obsolete\". " "43,254 packages were updated in this release. The overall disk usage for " "<emphasis>bookworm</emphasis> is 365,016,420 kB (365 GB), and is made up of " "1,341,564,204 lines of code." msgstr "" "Cette version contient plus de 11 089 nouveaux paquets pour un total de " "64 419 paquets, tandis que plus de 6 296 paquets marqués comme « obsolètes » " "ont été supprimés. 43 254 paquets ont été mis à jour dans cette version. " "L'utilisation de disque totale pour <emphasis>Bookworm</emphasis> est de " "365 016 420 Ko (365 Go) et comprend 1 341 564 204 lignes de code." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:588 msgid "" "Following the <ulink url='https://www.debian.org/vote/2022/vote_003'>2022 " "General Resolution</ulink> about non-free firmware, the Debian Social " "Contract got adjusted and a new archive area called <emphasis>non-free-" "firmware</emphasis> got introduced, making it possible to separate non-free " "firmware from the other non-free packages. Most non-free firmware packages " "have been moved from <emphasis>non-free</emphasis> to <emphasis>non-free-" "firmware</emphasis>. This separation makes it possible to build a variety " "of official installation images. And it makes installing Debian on popular " "hardware using the official Debian installer much easier." msgstr "" "À la suite du vote de la <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/vote/2022/"; "vote_003\">Résolution générale</ulink> de 2022 sur les microprogrammes non " "libres, le contrat social de Debian a été adapté et une nouvelle section " "d'archive appelée <emphasis>non-free-firmware</emphasis> a été introduite " "permettant de séparer les microprogrammes non libres des autres programmes " "non libres. La plupart des paquets de microprogrammes non libres ont migré " "de <emphasis>non-free</emphasis> à <emphasis>non-free-firmware</emphasis>. " "Cette séparation permet de construire de nombreuses images d'installation " "officielles. Et elle facilite beaucoup l'installation de Debian sur du " "matériel répandu en utilisant l’installateur officiel de Debian." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:601 msgid "" "A total of nine architectures are officially supported for " "<emphasis>bookworm</emphasis>." msgstr "" "Un total de neuf architectures sont officiellement prises en charge par " "<emphasis>Bookworm</emphasis>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:607 msgid "" "The Debian Cloud team publishes <emphasis>bookworm</emphasis> for three " "popular cloud computing services." msgstr "" "L'équipe pour l'informatique dématérialisée publie <emphasis>Bookworm</" "emphasis> pour trois services d'informatique dans le nuage répandus." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para><footnote><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:617 msgid "" "usr-merge (or merged-usr or <filename>/usr</filename>-move) is a filesystem " "layout where the traditional unix directories <filename>/bin</filename>, " "<filename>/sbin</filename>, <filename>/lib</filename> and <filename>/lib64</" "filename> are replaced by symbolic links to their counterparts under " "<filename>/usr</filename>. So e.g. <filename>/bin</filename> is replaced " "by a symlink to <filename>/usr/bin</filename> . In 2012, usr-merge was " "implemented by Fedora Linux as well as by Ubuntu Linux. See also <ulink " "url='https://systemd.io/THE_CASE_FOR_THE_USR_MERGE/'>The Case For The Usr " "Merge</ulink> and the <ulink url='https://www.debian.org/releases/bookworm/"; "amd64/release-notes/ch-information.en.html#a-merged-usr-is-now-" "required'>Bookworm Release Notes</ulink>." msgstr "" "usr-merge (ou merged-usr – usr fusionné -, ou <filename>/usr</filename>-" "move) est une organisation du système de fichier où les traditionnels " "répertoires UNIX <filename>/bin</filename>, <filename>/sbin</filename>, " "<filename>/lib</filename> et <filename>/lib64</filename> sont remplacés par " "des liens symboliques vers les répertoires correspondants sous <filename>/" "usr</filename>. Par exemple, <filename>/bin</filename> est remplacé par un " "lien symbolique vers <filename>/usr/bin</filename>. En 2012, usr fusionné a " "été implémenté par Fedora Linux ainsi que par Ubuntu Linux. Voir aussi " "<ulink url=\"https://systemd.io/THE_CASE_FOR_THE_USR_MERGE/\";>The Case For " "The Usr Merge</ulink> et les <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/"; "bookworm/amd64/release-notes/ch-information.en.html#a-merged-usr-is-now-" "required\">notes de publications de Bookworm</ulink>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:612 msgid "" "Between releases, in <ulink url='https://bugs.debian.org/978636'>Bug#978636</" "ulink> (Feb 2021), the Technical Committee resolved that Debian " "<emphasis>bookworm</emphasis> would support only the merged-usr<placeholder " "type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/> root filesystem layout, dropping support for " "the non-merged-usr layout. For systems installed as <emphasis>buster</" "emphasis> or <emphasis>bullseye</emphasis> there would be no changes to the " "filesystem; however, systems using the older layout would be converted " "during the upgrade." msgstr "" "Entre les publications, pour le <ulink url=\"https://bugs.debian.org/"; "978636\">bogue n° 978636</ulink> en février 2021, le Comité Technique a " "décidé que Debian <emphasis>Bookworm</emphasis> ne devrait prendre en charge " "que l'organisation du système de fichiers racine avec usr fusionné " "<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>, abandonnant la prise en charge de " "l'organisation avec usr non fusionné. Pour les systèmes installés comme " "<emphasis>Buster</emphasis> ou <emphasis>Bullseye</emphasis>, il n'y aura " "pas de modification du système de fichiers, cependant, les systèmes " "utilisant l'organisation antérieure seront convertis lors de leur mise à " "niveau." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:638 msgid "" "Thanks to the combined work of the Debian Security team and the Debian Long " "Term Support team, <emphasis>bookworm</emphasis> will be supported on four " "architectures until June 2028 (5 years after release)." msgstr "" "Grâce à l'effort conjugué de l'équipe en charge de la sécurité de Debian et " "de l'équipe du suivi à long terme de Debian (LTS), <emphasis>Bookworm</" "emphasis> sera prise en charge pour quatre architectures jusqu'à juin 2028 " "(cinq ans après sa publication)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:644 msgid "" "Debian 13 <emphasis>Trixie</emphasis> (as of August 2024 the " "<emphasis>testing</emphasis> distribution): Trixie is a blue toy Triceratops " "that appeared in Toy Story 3." msgstr "" "Debian 13 <emphasis>Trixie</emphasis> (en août 2024, c'est la distribution " "<emphasis>testing</emphasis>) : Trixie est le tricératops bleu apparu dans " "Toy Story 3." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:654 msgid "A Detailed History" msgstr "Historique détaillé" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:656 msgid "The 0.x Releases" msgstr "Les versions 0.x" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:658 msgid "" "Debian was begun in August 1993 by Ian Murdock, then an undergraduate at " "Purdue University. Debian was sponsored by the GNU Project of <ulink " "url=\"https://www.fsf.org/\";>The Free Software Foundation</ulink>, the " "organization started by Richard Stallman and associated with the General " "Public License (GPL), for one year -- from November 1994 to November 1995." msgstr "" "Debian a été créée en août 1993 par Ian Murdock alors qu'il était étudiant à " "l'université de Purdue. Debian a été parrainée la première année (de " "novembre 1994 à novembre 1995) par le projet GNU de <ulink url=\"https://"; "www.fsf.org/\">The Free Software Foundation</ulink>, organisation créée par " "Richard Stallman et associée à la licence « General Public Licence » (GPL)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:665 msgid "" "Debian 0.01 through Debian 0.90 were released between August and December of " "1993. Ian Murdock writes:" msgstr "" "Les versions 0.01 jusqu'à 0.90 de Debian ont été publiées entre août et " "décembre 1993. Ian Murdock écrivait alors :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:669 msgid "" "\"Debian 0.91 was released in January 1994. It had a primitive package " "system that allowed users to manipulate packages but that did little else " "(it certainly didn't have dependencies or anything like that). By this " "time, there were a few dozen people working on Debian, though I was still " "mostly putting together the releases myself. 0.91 was the last release done " "in this way." msgstr "" "« La version 0.91 de Debian a été publiée en janvier 1994. Elle avait un " "système primitif de gestion de paquets qui permettait aux utilisateurs de " "manipuler les paquets mais n'autorisait pas grand-chose d'autre (il ne " "possédait certainement pas de dépendances ou d'options analogues). À cette " "époque, quelques dizaines de personnes travaillaient sur Debian, même si je " "devais toujours assembler les versions moi-même. La version 0.91 fut la " "dernière version faite de cette manière. »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:676 msgid "" "Most of 1994 was spent organizing the Debian Project so that others could " "more effectively contribute, as well as working on <command>dpkg</command> " "(Ian Jackson was largely responsible for this). There were no releases to " "the public in 1994 that I can remember, though there were several internal " "releases as we worked to get the process right." msgstr "" "« Une grande partie de l'année 1994 a été consacrée à organiser le projet " "Debian de façon à ce que les autres puissent plus directement contribuer, " "comme pour la réalisation de <command>dpkg</command> (Ian Jackson fut très " "largement responsable de cette dernière). Si je me souviens bien, il n'y a " "pas eu de version officielle en 1994, bien que nous en ayons eu un certain " "nombre en interne, à chaque fois que nous progressions dans l'avancement de " "la distribution. »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:683 msgid "" "Debian 0.93 Release 5 happened in March 1995 and was the first \"modern\" " "release of Debian: there were many more developers by then (though I can't " "remember exactly how many), each maintaining their own packages, and " "<command>dpkg</command> was being used to install and maintain all these " "packages after a base system was installed." msgstr "" "« La Debian 0.93, en version 5, est sortie en mars 1995 et a été la première " "version « moderne » de Debian : il n'y avait jamais eu autant de " "développeurs (bien que je ne puisse me rappeler combien), chacun entretenait " "ses propres paquets et <command>dpkg</command> était utilisé pour installer " "et entretenir tous ces paquets après l'installation du système de base. »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:690 #, fuzzy #| msgid "" #| "Debian 0.93 Release 6 happened in November 1995 and was the last a.out " #| "release. There were about sixty developers maintaining packages in " #| "0.93R6. If I remember correctly, <command>dselect</command> first " #| "appeared in 0.93R6." msgid "" "Debian 0.93 Release 6 happened in November 1995 and was the last a.out " "release. There were about sixty developers maintaining packages in 0.93R6. " "If I remember correctly, <command>dselect</command> first appeared in " "0.93R6.\"" msgstr "" "« La Debian 0.93, en version 6, est sortie en novembre 1995 et a été la " "dernière version au format a.out. Il y avait environ 60 développeurs pour " "entretenir les paquets de la version 0.93R6. Si je me souviens bien, " "<command>dselect</command> a fait son apparition dans cette version. »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:695 msgid "" "Ian Murdock also notes that Debian 0.93R6 \"... has always been my favorite " "release of Debian\", although he admits to the possibility of some personal " "bias, as he stopped actively working on the project in March 1996 during the " "pre-production of Debian 1.0, which was actually released as Debian 1.1 to " "avoid confusion after a CD-ROM manufacturer mistakenly labelled an " "unreleased version as Debian 1.0. That incident led to the concept of " "\"official\" CD-ROM images, as a way for the project to help vendors avoid " "this kind of mistake." msgstr "" "Ian Murdock fait aussi remarquer que la Debian 0.93R6 « [...] a été ma " "version favorite de Debian » bien qu'il admette la possibilité d'être de " "parti pris, puisqu'il avait arrêté de travailler activement sur le projet en " "mars 1996 durant la pré-production de la Debian 1.0. Cette dernière fut " "renommée 1.1 pour éviter toute confusion avec un fabricant de CD qui avait " "nommé faussement 1.0 une version précédente. Cet incident mena au concept " "d'images ISO « officielles », de façon à éviter aux vendeurs ce genre de " "bévue." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:704 msgid "" "During August 1995 (between Debian 0.93 Release 5 and Debian 0.93 Release " "6), Hartmut Koptein started the first port for Debian, for the Motorola m68k " "family. He reports that \"Many, many packages were i386-centric (little " "endian, -m486, -O6 and all for libc4) and it was a hard time to get a " "starting base of packages on my machine (an Atari Medusa 68040, 32 MHz). " "After three months (in November 1995), I uploaded 200 packages from 250 " "available packages, all for libc5!\" Later he started another port together " "with Vincent Renardias and Martin Schulze, for the PowerPC family." msgstr "" "Durant le mois d'août 1995 (entre les versions 0.93R5 et 0.93R6 de Debian), " "Hartmut Koptein a débuté le premier portage de Debian pour la famille des " "Motorola m68k. Il disait que « de nombreux paquets étaient construits autour " "de l'architecture i386 (« petit-boutiste », -m486, -O6 et tout ce genre " "d'options de la bibliothèque libc4) et que cela a été un travail énorme que " "d'avoir une base de paquets de départ sur ma machine (un Atari Medusa 68040, " "32 MHz). Après trois mois (en novembre 1995), j'ai mis à disposition " "200 paquets, sur les 250 disponibles, tous pour la bibliothèque libc5 ! ». " "Plus tard, il commença un autre portage avec Vincent Renardias et Martin " "Schulze, pour la famille des PowerPC." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:714 msgid "" "Since this time, the Debian Project has grown to include several <ulink " "url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/\";>ports</ulink> to other architectures, " "a port to a new (non-Linux) kernel, the GNU Hurd microkernel, and at least " "one flavor of BSD kernel." msgstr "" "À partir de ce moment, le projet Debian s'est développé et a ajouté de " "nombreux <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/\";>portages</ulink> vers " "d'autres architectures, un portage vers un nouveau noyau non Linux (le " "micronoyau GNU Hurd), et au moins une version de noyau BSD." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:720 msgid "" "An early member of the project, Bill Mitchell, remembers the Linux kernel" msgstr "" "Un des tout premiers membres du projet, Bill Mitchell, se rappelle au sujet " "du noyau Linux :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:723 msgid "" "\"... being between 0.99r8 and 0.99r15 when we got started. For a long " "time, I could build the kernel in less than 30 minutes on a 20 MHz 386-based " "machine, and could also do a Debian install in that same amount of time in " "under 10Mb of disk space." msgstr "" "« [...] On devait être entre la version 0.99r8 et 0.99r15 lorsqu'on a " "débuté. Pendant très longtemps, j'étais capable de construire un noyau en " "moins de 30 minutes sur une machine dotée d'un 386 à 20 MHz, et j'étais " "ainsi capable d'installer une Debian dans le même temps avec moins de 10 Mo " "d'espace disque. »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:729 msgid "" "\" ... I recall the initial group as including Ian Murdock, myself, Ian " "Jackson, another Ian who's surname I don't recall, Dan Quinlan, and some " "other people who's names I don't recall. Matt Welsh was either part of the " "initial group or joined pretty early on (he has since left the project). " "Someone set up a mailing list, and we were off and running." msgstr "" "« [...] Je me souviens que l'équipe initiale comprenait Ian Murdock, moi-" "même, Ian Jackson, un autre Ian dont le nom de famille m'échappe, Dan " "Quinlan, et quelques autres personnes dont je ne me souviens plus des noms. " "Matt Welsh faisait aussi partie du groupe initial, ou l'a rejoint tout au " "début (il a depuis quitté le projet). Quelqu'un a créé une liste de " "diffusion et nous nous sommes mis au travail. »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:736 msgid "" "As I recall, we didn't start off with a plan, and we didn't start off by " "putting together a plan in any highly organized fashion. Right from the " "start, I do recall, we started off collecting up sources for a pretty random " "collection of packages. Over time, we came to focus on a collection of " "items which would be required to put together the core of a distribution: " "the kernel, a shell, update, getty, various other programs and support files " "needed to init the system, and a set of core utilities.\"" msgstr "" "« Si je me souviens bien, nous ne sommes pas partis d'un plan défini, et " "nous n'avons pas commencé en définissant des objectifs avec une approche " "très organisée. Dès le début, si je ne me trompe pas, nous avons rassemblé " "aléatoirement les sources d'un certain nombre de paquets. Avec le temps, " "nous avons fini par mettre au point une collection de composants qui " "seraient nécessaires au cœur de la distribution : le noyau, un shell, " "<command>update</command>, <command>getty</command>, de nombreux autres " "programmes et fichiers de configuration requis pour initialiser le système " "ainsi que tout un jeu d'utilitaires. »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:746 msgid "The Early Debian Packaging System" msgstr "Le premier gestionnaire de paquets de Debian" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:748 msgid "" "At the very early stages of the Project, members considered distributing " "source-only packages. Each package would consist of the upstream source " "code and a Debianized patch file, and users would untar the sources, apply " "the patches, and compile binaries themselves. They soon realized, however, " "that some sort of binary distribution scheme would be needed. The earliest " "packaging tool, written by Ian Murdock and called <command>dpkg</command>, " "created a package in a Debian-specific binary format, and could be used " "later to unpack and install the files in the package." msgstr "" "Aux tout premiers pas du projet, ses membres ont choisi de ne distribuer que " "les paquets source. Chaque paquet serait composé du code source amont ainsi " "que d'une rustine pour Debian. Les utilisateurs n'auraient alors qu'à " "« décompresser » les sources, appliquer les rustines puis compiler eux-" "mêmes. Ils ont cependant compris très tôt qu'une distribution sous forme " "d'exécutables serait nécessaire. Le premier outil d'empaquetage, écrit par " "Ian Murdock et appelé dpkg, créait un paquet dans un format binaire " "spécifique à Debian et pouvait être utilisé ensuite pour dépaqueter et " "installer les fichiers d'un paquet." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:758 msgid "" "Ian Jackson soon took over the development of the packaging tool, renaming " "the tool itself <command>dpkg-deb</command> and writing a front-end program " "he named <command>dpkg</command> to facilitate the use of <command>dpkg-deb</" "command> and provide the <emphasis>Dependencies</emphasis> and " "<emphasis>Conflicts</emphasis> of today's Debian system. The packages " "produced by these tools had a header listing the version of the tool used to " "create the package and an offset within the file to a <command>tar</command>-" "produced archive, which was separated from the header by some control " "information." msgstr "" "Ian Jackson a ensuite rapidement repris le développement de l'outil " "d'empaquetage, en renommant l'outil lui-même <command>dpkg-deb</command> et " "en écrivant une interface qu'il appela <command>dpkg</command> pour " "faciliter l'utilisation de <command>dpkg-deb</command> et introduire les " "notions de <emphasis>dépendances</emphasis> et <emphasis>conflits</emphasis> " "du système Debian d'aujourd'hui. Les paquets fabriqués à partir de ces " "outils possédaient un en-tête avec la version de l'outil utilisé pour créer " "le paquet et un fichier à l'intérieur duquel se trouvait l'archive sous " "forme compressée (tar), lequel était séparé de l'en-tête par des " "informations de contrôle." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:769 msgid "" "At about this time some debate arose between members of the project -- some " "felt that the Debian-specific format created by <command>dpkg-deb</command> " "should be dropped in favor of the format produced by the <command>ar</" "command> program. After several revised file formats and correspondingly-" "revised packaging tools, the <command>ar</command> format was adopted. The " "key value of this change is that it makes it possible for a Debian package " "to be un-packaged on any Unix-like system without the need to run an " "untrusted executable. In other words, only standard tools present on every " "Unix system like 'ar' and 'tar' are required to unpack a Debian binary " "package and examine the contents." msgstr "" "C'est à ce moment qu'un débat s'est ouvert au sein des membres du projet. " "Certains préconisaient l'abandon du format spécifique de Debian créé par " "<command>dpkg-deb</command> en faveur du format de l'outil <command>ar</" "command>. Après de nombreuses versions de format de fichiers, et autant " "d'adaptations des outils d'empaquetage, le format <command>ar</command> fut " "adopté. La valeur ajoutée de ce changement fut la possibilité pour un paquet " "Debian d'être dépaqueté sur n'importe quel système Unix sans avoir besoin de " "lancer un exécutable auxiliaire. En d'autres mots, seuls les outils standard " "présents sur chaque système Unix comme « ar » ou « tar » sont nécessaires au " "dépaquetage d'un paquet binaire Debian pour en examiner le contenu." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:782 msgid "The 1.x Releases" msgstr "Les versions 1.x" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:784 msgid "" "When Ian Murdock left Debian, he appointed Bruce Perens as the next leader " "of the project. Bruce first became interested in Debian while he was " "attempting to create a Linux distribution CD to be called \"Linux for " "Hams\", which would include all of the Linux software useful to ham radio " "operators. Finding that the Debian core system would require much further " "work to support his project, Bruce ended up working heavily on the base " "Linux system and related installation tools, postponing his ham radio " "distribution, including organizing (with Ian Murdock) the first set of " "Debian install scripts, eventually resulting in the Debian Rescue Floppy " "that was a core component of the Debian installation toolset for several " "releases." msgstr "" "Lorsque Ian Murdock quitta Debian, il nomma Bruce Perens comme successeur. " "Bruce s'était initialement intéressé à Debian alors qu'il essayait de créer " "une distribution de Linux sur CD nommée « Linux for Hams », qui devait " "inclure tous les logiciels Linux intéressant les opérateurs de radio " "amateur. Constatant que le cœur du système Debian nécessitait encore bien " "plus de développement pour correspondre à son projet, Bruce s'est mis à " "travailler intensivement sur le système de base et les outils relatifs à " "l'installation, en remettant ses projets à plus tard. Son travail incluait " "l'assemblage (avec Ian Murdock) du premier ensemble des scripts " "d'installation de Debian, qui ont permis de créer la disquette de secours, " "qui a été un composant essentiel de la panoplie d'outils d'installation de " "Debian pour plusieurs versions." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:796 msgid "Ian Murdock states:" msgstr "Ian Murdock raconte :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:799 msgid "" "\"Bruce was the natural choice to succeed me, as he had been maintaining the " "base system for nearly a year, and he had been picking up the slack as the " "amount of time I could devote to Debian declined rapidly.\"" msgstr "" "« Bruce fut le candidat naturel à ma succession, car il entretenait le " "système de base depuis près d'un an. Il a pu ainsi combler le vide dû au " "fait que le temps que je pouvais consacrer à Debian diminuait rapidement. »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:804 msgid "" "He initiated several important facets of the project, including coordinating " "the effort to produce the Debian Free Software Guidelines and the Debian " "Social Contract, and initiating an Open Hardware Project. During his time " "as Project Leader, Debian gained market share and a reputation as a platform " "for serious, technically-capable Linux users." msgstr "" "Il lança un certain nombre d'éléments importants du projet, dont la " "coordination des efforts pour écrire les <emphasis>principes du logiciel " "libre selon Debian</emphasis> et le <emphasis>Contrat Social de Debian</" "emphasis> ainsi que le démarrage de l'<emphasis>Open Hardware Project</" "emphasis>. Pendant la durée de ses fonctions de chef de Projet, Debian a " "gagné des parts de marché et une réputation de plate-forme pour utilisateurs " "de Linux sérieux et compétents." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:811 msgid "" "Bruce Perens also spearheaded the effort to create <ulink url=\"https://"; "www.spi-inc.org/\">Software in the Public Interest, Inc.</ulink>. " "Originally intended to provide the Debian Project with a legal entity " "capable of accepting donations, its aims quickly expanded to include " "supporting free software projects outside the Debian Project." msgstr "" "Bruce Perens a été le fer de lance des efforts visant à créer la société " "<ulink url=\"https://www.spi-inc.org/\";>Software in the Public Interest</" "ulink>. Destinée à l'origine à fournir un cadre légal au projet Debian " "permettant l'acceptation de donations, ses objectifs se sont rapidement " "étendus pour inclure le soutien de projets de logiciels libres en dehors de " "Debian. " #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:818 msgid "The following Debian versions were released during this time:" msgstr "" "Voici les différentes versions de Debian publiées pendant cette période :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:823 msgid "" "1.1 <emphasis>Buzz</emphasis> released June 1996 (474 packages, 2.0 kernel, " "fully ELF, <command>dpkg</command>)" msgstr "" "1.1 <emphasis>Buzz</emphasis>, sortie en juin 1996 (474 paquets, noyau 2.0, " "entièrement au format ELF, introduction de <command>dpkg</command>) ;" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:829 msgid "" "1.2 <emphasis>Rex</emphasis> released December 1996 (848 packages, 120 " "developers)" msgstr "" "1.2 <emphasis>Rex</emphasis>, sortie en décembre 1996 (848 paquets, " "120 développeurs) ;" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:835 msgid "" "1.3 <emphasis>Bo</emphasis> released July 1997 (974 packages, 200 developers)" msgstr "" "1.3 <emphasis>Bo</emphasis>, sortie en juillet 1997 (974 paquets, " "200 développeurs)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:840 msgid "" "There were several interim \"point\" releases made to 1.3, with the last " "being 1.3.1R6." msgstr "" "Il y a eu quelques versions intermédiaires pour la version 1.3, la dernière " "portant le numéro 1.3.1R6." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:844 msgid "" "Bruce Perens was replaced by Ian Jackson as Debian Project Leader at the " "beginning of January, 1998, after leading the project much of the way " "through the preparation for the 2.0 release." msgstr "" "Bruce Perens a été remplacé par Ian Jackson comme chef de Projet Debian au " "début du mois de janvier 1998, après avoir piloté le projet pendant une " "grande partie de la préparation de la version 2.0." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:850 msgid "The 2.x Releases" msgstr "Les versions 2.x" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:852 msgid "" "Ian Jackson became the Leader of the Debian Project at the beginning of " "1998, and was shortly thereafter added to the board of Software in the " "Public Interest in the capacity of Vice President. After the resignation of " "the Treasurer (Tim Sailer), President (Bruce Perens), and Secretary (Ian " "Murdock), he became President of the Board and three new members were " "chosen: Martin Schulze (Vice President), Dale Scheetz (Secretary), and Nils " "Lohner (Treasurer)." msgstr "" "Ian Jackson est devenu le responsable du Projet Debian au début de " "l'année 1998 et tout de suite après vice-président de la <emphasis>Software " "in the Public Interest</emphasis>. Après la démission du trésorier (Tim " "Sailer), du président (Bruce Perens) et du secrétaire (Ian Murdock), il est " "devenu président et trois nouveaux membres furent choisis : Martin Schulze " "(vice-président), Dale Scheetz (secrétaire) et Nils Lohner (trésorier)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:861 msgid "" "Debian 2.0 (<emphasis>Hamm</emphasis>) was released July 1998 for the Intel " "i386 and Motorola 68000 series architectures. This release marked the move " "to a new version of the system C libraries (glibc2 or for historical reasons " "libc6). At the time of release, there were 1500+ packages maintained by " "more than 400 Debian developers." msgstr "" "La version 2.0 de Debian (<emphasis>Hamm</emphasis>) est sortie en " "juillet 1998 pour les architectures de processeur Intel i386 et Motorola " "68000. Cette version se caractérisait par l'introduction d'une nouvelle " "version des bibliothèques C (libc6 reposant sur la glibc2). Au moment de sa " "sortie, il y avait plus de 1 500 paquets entretenus par plus de " "400 développeurs Debian." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:868 msgid "" "Wichert Akkerman succeeded Ian Jackson as Debian Project Leader in January " "of 1999. <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/slink/\";>Debian 2.1</" "ulink> was <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/News/"; "1999/19990309\">released</ulink> on 09 March, 1999, after being delayed by a " "week when a few last-minute issues arose." msgstr "" "Wichert Akkerman succéda à Ian Jackson comme chef du Projet Debian en " "janvier 1999. <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/slink/"; "\">Debian 2.1</ulink> a été <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/News/"; "1999/19990309\">publiée</ulink> le 9 mars 1999, après avoir été repoussée " "d'une semaine à la suite de quelques soucis de dernière minute." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:875 msgid "" "Debian 2.1 (<emphasis>Slink</emphasis>) featured official support for two " "new architectures: <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/alpha/\";>Alpha</" "ulink> and <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/sparc/\";>Sparc</" "ulink>. The X-Windows packages included with Debian 2.1 were greatly " "reorganized from previous releases, and 2.1 included <command>apt</command>, " "the next-generation Debian package manager interface. Also, this release of " "Debian was the first to require 2 CD-ROMs for the \"Official Debian CD " "set\"; the distribution included about 2250 packages." msgstr "" "Dans la version 2.1 de Debian (<emphasis>Slink</emphasis>) figurait deux " "nouvelles architectures : <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/alpha/"; "\">Alpha</ulink> et <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/sparc/"; "\">Sparc</ulink>. Les paquets du système X-Windows inclus dans cette version " "ont été grandement réorganisés par rapport aux versions précédentes, et " "cette version vit l'inclusion de <command>apt</command>, l'interface de " "gestion de paquets nouvelle génération. Enfin, cette version a été la " "première à demander 2 CD pour l'ensemble officiel de CD Debian. La " "distribution comportait environ 2 250 paquets." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:885 msgid "" "On 21 April 1999, <ulink url=\"https://www.corel.com/\";>Corel Corporation</" "ulink> and the <ulink url=\"https://www.kde.org/\";>K Desktop Project</ulink> " "effectively formed an alliance with Debian when Corel announced its " "intentions to release a Linux distribution based on Debian and the desktop " "environment produced by the KDE group. During the following spring and " "summer months, another Debian-based distribution, Storm Linux, appeared, and " "the Debian Project chose a new <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/logos/"; "\">logo</ulink>, featuring both an Official version for use on Debian-" "sanctioned materials such as CD-ROMs and official Project web sites, and an " "Unofficial logo for use on material mentioning or derived from Debian." msgstr "" "Le 21 avril 1999, l'entreprise <ulink url=\"https://www.corel.com/\";>Corel</" "ulink> et le projet de bureau <ulink url=\"https://www.kde.org/\";>KDE</" "ulink> formèrent une alliance avec Debian quand Corel annonça son intention " "de publier une distribution Linux basée sur Debian et l'environnement de " "bureau KDE. Une nouvelle distribution basée sur Debian, Storm Linux, apparut " "durant les mois suivants et le projet Debian choisit un nouveau <ulink " "url=\"https://www.debian.org/logos/\";>logo</ulink>, avec une déclinaison " "officielle pour tout matériel griffé Debian tel que CD et sites internet, et " "un autre non officiel à utiliser pour tout matériel mentionnant ou dérivé de " "Debian." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:897 msgid "" "A new, unique, Debian port also began at this time, for the <ulink " "url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/\";>Hurd</ulink> port. This is the " "first port to use a non-Linux kernel, instead using the <ulink url=\"https://"; "www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd.html\">GNU Hurd</ulink>, a version of the GNU " "Mach microkernel." msgstr "" "Un nouveau portage particulier de Debian débuta également à cette époque, " "celui pour <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/\";>Hurd</ulink>. " "Il fut le premier portage à utiliser un noyau autre que Linux, utilisant à " "la place <ulink url=\"https://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd.html\";>GNU " "Hurd</ulink>, une version du micronoyau Mach de GNU." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:903 msgid "" "Debian developers joined formally for the first time in an annual meeting " "called <ulink url=\"https://www.debconf.org\";>DebConf</ulink>. The first " "meeting, called <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/DebConf0\";>Debconf0</" "ulink>, took place in Bordeaux, France from the 5th to the 9th of July 2000. " "The conference aim was to join developers and advanced users in a single " "place to talk about Debian and work together developing parts of the " "distribution." msgstr "" "Les développeurs de Debian se sont retrouvés formellement pour la première " "fois lors d’une rencontre annuelle appelée <ulink url=\"https://"; "www.debconf.org\">DebConf</ulink>. La première rencontre, appelée <ulink " "url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/DebConf0\";>Debconf0</ulink>, a eu lieu en " "France, à Bordeaux, du 5 au 9 juillet 2000. Le but de la conférence était de " "faire se rencontrer et parler les développeurs et les utilisateurs avancés " "pour travailler ensemble et faire avancer certaines parties de la " "distribution." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:912 msgid "" "Debian 2.2 (<emphasis>Potato</emphasis>) was released August 15th, 2000 for " "the Intel i386, Motorola 68000 series, alpha, SUN Sparc, PowerPC and ARM " "architectures. This was the first release including PowerPC and ARM ports. " "At the time of release, there were 3900+ binary and 2600+ source packages " "maintained by more than 450 Debian developers." msgstr "" "Debian 2.2 (<emphasis>Potato</emphasis>) est sortie le 15 août 2000 pour les " "architectures de processeurs Intel i386, Motorola 68000, Alpha, SUN Sparc, " "PowerPC et ARM. Elle a été la première version à inclure les portages pour " "PowerPC et ARM. Au moment de sa sortie, il y avait plus de 3 900 paquets " "binaires et 2 600 paquets source entretenus par plus de 450 développeurs " "Debian." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:919 msgid "" "An interesting fact about Debian 2.2 is that it showed how a free software " "effort could lead to a modern operating system despite all the issues around " "it. This was studied thoroughly by a group of interested people in an " "article called <ulink url=\"https://flosshub.org/53\";>Counting potatoes: The " "size of Debian 2.2</ulink>, by Jesús González Barahona, quoting from this " "article:" msgstr "" "Un fait intéressant à propos de Debian 2.2 fut de montrer comment un effort " "collectif a permis d'aboutir à un système d'exploitation moderne malgré tous " "les problèmes rencontrés. Cela fut étudié en détail par un groupe de " "recherche et publié dans un article intitulé <ulink url=\"https://"; "flosshub.org/53\">Counting potatoes: The size of Debian 2.2</ulink> (compter " "des pommes de terre : la taille Debian 2.2), par Jesús González Barahona. " "Extrait de cet article : " #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:931 msgid "" "<emphasis>\"[...] we use David A. Wheeler's sloccount system to determine " "the number of physical source lines of code (SLOC) of Debian 2.2 (aka " "potato). We show that Debian 2.2 includes more than 55,000,000 physical " "SLOC (almost twice than Red Hat 7.1, released about 8 months later), showing " "that the Debian development model (based on the work of a large group of " "voluntary developers spread around the world) is at least as capable as " "other development methods [...] It is also shown that if Debian had been " "developed using traditional proprietary methods, the COCOMO model estimates " "that its cost would be close to $1.9 billion USD to develop Debian 2.2. In " "addition, we offer both an analysis of the programming languages used in the " "distribution (C amounts for about 70%, C++ for about 10%, LISP and Shell are " "around 5%, with many others to follow), and the largest packages (Mozilla, " "the Linux kernel, PM3, XFree86, etc.)\"</emphasis>" msgstr "" "« [...] nous avons utilisé le système sloccount de David A. Wheeler pour " "déterminer le nombre de lignes de code source physiques (SLOC) de Debian 2.2 " "(<emphasis>Potato</emphasis>). Nous avons montré que Debian 2.2 contenait " "plus de 55 millions de SLOC physiques (presque deux fois plus que " "Red Hat 7.1, sortie environ 8 mois plus tard), et démontrant que le modèle " "de développement de Debian (basé sur le travail d'un groupe important de " "développeurs volontaires répartis dans le monde) est au moins aussi efficace " "que d'autres méthodes de développement [...] Nous avons également montré que " "si Debian avait été développée avec les méthodes propriétaires habituelles, " "le modèle COCOMO estime que le coût de Debian 2.2 aurait été proche de " "1,9 milliard de dollars américains. De plus, nous avons fourni une analyse " "des langages de programmation utilisés dans la distribution (C à 70 %, C++ à " "10 %, LISP et Shell à 5 %, puis les autres), et des paquets les plus " "importants (Mozilla, le noyau Linux, PM3, XFree86, etc.). »" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:947 msgid "The 3.x Releases" msgstr "Les versions 3.x" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:949 msgid "" "Before woody could even begin to be prepared for release, a change to the " "archive system on ftp-master had to be made. Package pools, which enabled " "special purpose distributions, such as the new \"Testing\" distribution used " "for the first time to get woody ready for release, were <ulink url=\"https://"; "lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0012/msg00004.html\">activated on ftp-" "master</ulink> in mid December 2000. A package pool is just a collection of " "different versions of a given package, from which multiple distributions " "(currently experimental, unstable, testing, and stable) can draw packages, " "which are then included in that distribution's Packages file." msgstr "" "Avant même le début de la préparation de la publication de Woody, un " "changement dans le système d'archive sur ftp-master fut nécessaire. Le " "regroupement de paquets (pools) permettant la publication de version à buts " "spécifiques telle que la nouvelle version « testing » apparue pour la " "première fois pour la préparation de la publication de Woody a été <ulink " "url=\"https:/lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0012/" "msg00004.html\">activée sur ftp-master</ulink> à la mi-décembre de " "l'an 2000. Un pool de paquets est simplement une collection d'un même paquet " "mais de version différente (expérimental, instable, testing et stable) d'où " "sont tirés les paquets qui seront ensuite inclus dans le fichier Packages de " "la distribution." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:960 msgid "" "At the same time a new distribution <emphasis>testing</emphasis> was " "introduced. Mainly, packages from unstable that are said to be stable moved " "to testing (after a period of a few weeks). This was introduced in order to " "reduce freeze time and give the project the ability to prepare a new release " "at any time." msgstr "" "Au même moment, la nouvelle distribution <emphasis>testing</emphasis> fut " "introduite. Le principe était de déplacer dans <emphasis>testing</emphasis> " "les paquets de <emphasis>unstable</emphasis> annoncés stables, après une " "période de quelques semaines. Cela a été introduit pour réduire le temps de " "gel et donner au projet la possibilité de préparer une nouvelle version à " "n'importe quel moment." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:967 msgid "" "In that period, some of the companies that were shipping modified versions " "of Debian closed down. Corel sold its Linux division in the first quarter " "of 2001, Stormix declared bankruptcy on January 17th 2001, and Progeny " "ceased development of its distribution on October 1st, 2001." msgstr "" "À cette époque, certaines des sociétés qui distribuaient des versions " "modifiées de Debian fermèrent définitivement. Corel vendit sa division Linux " "lors du premier trimestre 2001, Stormix déclara faillite le 17 janvier 2001, " "et Progeny arrêta le développement de sa distribution le 1er octobre 2001." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:973 msgid "" "The freeze for the next release started on July 1st 2001. However, it took " "the project a little more than a year to get to the next release, due to " "<ulink url=\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0104/"; "msg00004.html\">problems in boot-floppies</ulink>, because of the " "introduction of cryptographic software in the main archive and due to the " "changes in the underlying architecture (the incoming archive and the " "security architecture). In that time, however, the stable release (Debian " "2.2) was revised up to seven times, and two Project Leaders were elected: " "Ben Collins (in 2001) and Bdale Garbee. Also, work in many areas of Debian " "besides packaging kept growing, including internationalization, Debian's web " "site (over a thousand web pages) was translated into over 20 different " "languages, and installation for the next release was ready in 23 languages. " "Two internal projects: Debian Junior (for children) and Debian Med (for " "medical practice and research) started during the woody release time frame " "providing the project with different focuses to make Debian suitable for " "those tasks." msgstr "" "Le gel de la version suivante a débuté le premier juillet 2001. Cependant, " "plus d'un an a été nécessaire pour finalement publier cette version, et cela " "en raison <ulink url=\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0104/"; "msg00004.html\">de problèmes avec les disquettes de démarrage</ulink>, eux-" "mêmes découlant de l'introduction de logiciels de cryptage dans l'archive " "principale et dus aux changements dans l'architecture sous-jacente " "(l'archive entrante et l'architecture de sécurité). Toutefois, pendant ce " "temps, la version stable (Debian 2.2) a été révisée sept fois et deux chefs " "de Projet ont été élus : Ben Collins en 2001 puis Bdale Garbee. En " "parallèle, maints travaux dans divers domaines autres que l'empaquetage ont " "été menés, en incluant la traduction du site internet (plus de mille pages) " "dans plus de vingt langues. Deux autres projets internes (Debian Junior et " "Debian Med) ont été lancés durant la phase de préparation de Woody, ce qui a " "permis à Debian de mettre l'accent sur ces tâches spécifiques." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:990 msgid "" "The work around Debian didn't stop the developers from joining the annual " "<ulink url=\"https://www.debconf.org\";>DebConf</ulink> meeting. The second " "meeting <ulink url=\"https://debconf1.debconf.org/\";>Debconf1</ulink> was " "held from the 2nd to the 5th of July together with the Libre Software " "Meeting (LSM) at Bordeaux (France) gathered around forty Debian developers. " "The third conference, <ulink url=\"https://debconf2.debconf.org/\";>Debconf2</" "ulink> took place in Toronto (Canada) July 5th 2002 with over eighty " "participants." msgstr "" "Tout ce travail autour de Debian n'a pas empêché les développeurs de se " "réunir dans la conférence annuelle appelée <ulink url=\"https://"; "www.debconf.org\">DebConf</ulink>. La deuxième édition, <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf1.debconf.org/\">Debconf1</ulink>, s'est tenue du 2 juillet au " "5 juillet en même temps que la réunion du logiciel libre (Libre Software " "Meeting – LSM) à Bordeaux en France. Cet événement a réuni environ quarante " "développeurs Debian. La troisième conférence, <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf2.debconf.org/\">Debconf2</ulink> s'est tenue à Toronto au Canada le " "5 juillet 2002 et plus de quatre-vingts développeurs y participèrent." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1000 msgid "" "Debian 3.0 (<emphasis>woody</emphasis>) was released July 19th, 2002 for the " "Intel i386, Motorola 68000 series, alpha, SUN Sparc, PowerPC, ARM, HP PA-" "RISC, IA-64, MIPS, MIPS (DEC) and IBM s/390 architectures. This is the " "first release including HP PA-RISC, IA-64, MIPS, MIPS (DEC) and IBM s/390 " "ports. At the time of release, there were around 8500 binary packages " "maintained by over nine hundred Debian developers, becoming the first " "release to be available on DVD media as well as CD-ROMs." msgstr "" "Debian 3.0 (<emphasis>Woody</emphasis>) est sortie le 19 juillet 2002 pour " "les architectures de processeurs Intel i386, Motorola 68000, Alpha, SUN " "Sparc, PowerPC, ARM, HP PA-RISC, IA-64, MIPS, MIPS (DEC) et IBM s/390. Elle " "fut la première version à inclure les portages pour HP PA-RISC, IA-64, MIPS, " "MIPS (DEC) et IBM s/390. Au moment de sa sortie, il y avait plus de " "8 500 paquets binaires entretenus par plus d'un millier de développeurs " "Debian, et elle fut la première version à être disponible aussi bien sous " "forme de DVD-ROM que sous forme de CD-ROM." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1009 msgid "" "Before the next release the <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> annual meeting " "continued with the fourth conference, <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf3.debconf.org/\">DebConf3</ulink> taking place in Oslo from July 18th " "to July 20th 2003 with over one hundred and twenty participants, with a " "<emphasis>DebCamp</emphasis> preceding it, from July 12th to July 17th. The " "fifth conference, <ulink url=\"https://debconf4.debconf.org/\";>DebConf4</" "ulink>, took place from May 26th to June 2nd 2004 in Porto Alegre, Brazil " "with over one hundred and sixty participants from twenty six different " "countries." msgstr "" "En attendant la prochaine publication, les conférences Debian annuelles " "continuaient : la quatrième, <ulink url=\"https://debconf3.debconf.org/"; "\">DebConf3</ulink>, s'est tenue à Oslo du 18 juillet au 20 juillet 2003 " "avec plus de cent vingt participants, précédée d'un <emphasis>DebCamp</" "emphasis> du 12 juillet au 17 juillet. La cinquième conférence, <ulink " "url=\"https://debconf4.debconf.org/\";>Debconf4</ulink>, s'est tenue du " "26 mai au 2 juin 2004 à Porto Alegre au Brésil et a rassemblé plus de cent " "soixante participants venant de vingt-six pays différents." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1020 msgid "" "Debian 3.1 (<emphasis>sarge</emphasis>) was released June 6th, 2005 for the " "same architectures as <emphasis>woody</emphasis>, although an unofficial " "AMD64 port was released at the same time using the project hosting " "infrastructure provided for the distribution and available at Alioth " "(formerly at https://alioth.debian.org). There were around 15,000 binary " "packages maintained by more than nine hundred Debian developers." msgstr "" "Debian 3.1 (<emphasis>Sarge</emphasis>) est sortie le 6 juin 2005 pour les " "mêmes architectures que <emphasis>Woody</emphasis>, bien qu'un portage AMD64 " "non officiel ait été publié au même moment, en utilisant l'infrastructure " "d'hébergement du projet disponible sur Alioth (anciennement à l'adresse " "https://alioth.debian.org). Il y avait alors environ 15 000 paquets binaires " "entretenus par plus de neuf cents développeurs Debian." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1029 msgid "" "There were many major changes in the <emphasis>sarge</emphasis> release, " "mostly due to the large time it took to freeze and release the " "distribution. Not only did this release update over 73% of the software " "shipped in the previous version, but it also included much more software " "than previous releases almost doubling in size with 9,000 new packages " "including the OpenOffice suite, the Firefox web browser and the Thunderbird " "e-mail client." msgstr "" "La version <emphasis>Sarge</emphasis> a connu de nombreux changements " "majeurs, principalement en raison du temps important pris pour le gel et la " "publication de la distribution. Cette version n'a pas seulement mis à jour " "plus de 73 % des logiciels fournis dans la version précédente, mais a aussi " "ajouté plus de logiciels que les précédentes versions, en doublant presque " "de taille, avec plus de 9 000 nouveaux paquets dont la suite OpenOffice, le " "navigateur web Firefox et le client de messagerie électronique Thunderbird." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1037 msgid "" "This release shipped with the 2.4 and 2.6 Linux kernel series, XFree86 4.3, " "GNOME 2.8 and KDE 3.3 and with a brand new installer. This new installer " "replaced the aging boot-floppies installer with a modular design with " "provided for more advanced installations (with RAID, XFS and LVM support) " "including hardware detection and making installations easier for novice " "users of all the architectures. It also switched to <command>aptitude</" "command> as the selected tool for package management. But the installation " "system also boasted full internationalization support as the software was " "translated into almost forty languages. The supporting documentation: " "installation manual and release notes, were made available with the release " "in ten and fifteen different languages respectively." msgstr "" "Cette version était livrée avec les séries 2.4 et 2.6 du noyau Linux, " "XFree86 4.3, GNOME 2.8 et KDE 3.3 ainsi qu'un installateur flambant neuf. Ce " "nouvel installateur a remplacé les disquettes d'amorçage vieillissantes par " "une conception modulaire fournissant des installations modernes (avec la " "prise en charge de RAID, XFS et LVM) avec détection du matériel, facilitant " "ainsi les installations pour les novices, quelle que soit l'architecture. " "<command>aptitude</command> est devenu l'outil de référence pour la gestion " "des paquets. Le système d'installation peut aussi se vanter d'une gestion " "complète de l'internationalisation puisqu'il a été traduit dans environ " "quarante langues. La documentation, dont le manuel d'installation et les " "notes de publication, ont été rendus disponibles lors de la publication dans " "dix et quinze langues respectivement." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1050 msgid "" "This release included the efforts of the Debian-Edu/Skolelinux, Debian-Med " "and Debian-Accessibility sub-projects which boosted the number of " "educational packages and those with a medical affiliation as well as " "packages designed especially for people with disabilities." msgstr "" "Cette version incluait les efforts des sous-projets Debian-Edu/Skolelinux, " "Debian-Med et Debian-Accessibility, qui ont augmenté le nombre de paquets " "éducatifs, liés au domaine médical ainsi que ceux spécialement conçus pour " "les personnes handicapées." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1056 msgid "" "The sixth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf5.debconf.org/\">Debconf5</ulink> was held in Espoo, Finland, from " "July 10th to July 17th, 2005 with over three hundred participants. <ulink " "url=\"https://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2005/debconf5/\";>Videos</" "ulink> from this conference are available online." msgstr "" "La sixième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf5.debconf.org/\">DebConf5</ulink>, s'est tenue à Espoo en Finlande " "entre le 10 et le 17 juillet 2005 avec plus de 300 participants. Des <ulink " "url=\"https://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2005/debconf5/\";>vidéos</" "ulink> de cette conférence sont disponibles en ligne." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1064 msgid "" "The seventh <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf6.debconf.org/\">Debconf6</ulink> was held in Oaxtepec, Mexico, from " "May 14th to May 22nd, 2006 with around <ulink url=\"https://"; "gallery.debconf.org/aigars/dc6_group_photo_big\">two hundred</ulink> " "participants. <ulink url=\"https://meetings-archive.debian.net/pub/debian-"; "meetings/2006/debconf6/\">Videos</ulink> and <ulink url=\"https://"; "gallery.debconf.org/debconf6\">pictures</ulink> from this conference are " "available online." msgstr "" "La septième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf6.debconf.org/\">DebConf6</ulink>, s'est tenue à Oaxtepec au Mexique " "entre le 14 et le 22 mai 2006 avec plus de <ulink url=\"https://"; "gallery.debconf.org/aigars/dc6_group_photo_big\">200 participants</ulink>. " "Des <ulink url=\"https://meetings-archive.debian.net/pub/debian-meetings/"; "2006/debconf6/\">vidéos</ulink> et des <ulink url=\"https://"; "gallery.debconf.org/debconf6\">photos</ulink> sont disponibles en ligne." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:1075 msgid "The 4.x Releases" msgstr "Les versions 4.x" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1077 msgid "" "Debian 4.0 (<emphasis>etch</emphasis>) was <ulink url=\"https://"; "www.debian.org/News/2007/20070408\">released</ulink> April 8th, 2007 for the " "same number of architectures as in <emphasis>sarge</emphasis>. This " "included the AMD64 port but dropped support for m68k. The m68k port was, " "however, still available in the <emphasis>unstable</emphasis> distribution. " "There were around 18,200 binary packages maintained by more than one " "thousand and thirty Debian developers." msgstr "" "Debian 4.0 <emphasis>Etch</emphasis> a été <ulink url=\"https://"; "www.debian.org/News/2007/20070408\">publiée</ulink> le 8 avril 2007 avec le " "même nombre d'architectures que celle de <emphasis>Sarge</emphasis>. Elle " "incluait le portage pour AMD64, mais avait laissé tombé celui pour m68k. Ce " "dernier était toutefois encore disponible dans la distribution " "<emphasis>unstable</emphasis>. Elle contenait environ 18 200 paquets " "binaires entretenus par plus de 1 030 développeurs Debian." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:1087 msgid "The 5.x Releases" msgstr "Les versions 5.x" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1089 msgid "" "Debian 5.0 (<emphasis>lenny</emphasis>) was <ulink url=\"https://"; "www.debian.org/News/2009/20090214\">released</ulink> February 14th, 2009 for " "one more architecture than its predecessor, <emphasis>etch</emphasis>. This " "included the port for newer ARM processors. As with the previous release, " "support for the m68k architecture was still available in <emphasis>unstable</" "emphasis>. There were around 23,000 binary packages (built from over 12,000 " "source packages) maintained by more than one thousand and ten Debian " "developers." msgstr "" "Debian 5.0 <emphasis>Lenny</emphasis> a été <ulink url=\"https://"; "www.debian.org/News/2009/20090214\">publiée</ulink> le 14 février 2009 avec " "une architecture de plus que son prédécesseur <emphasis>Etch</emphasis>. " "Elle incluait le portage pour les nouveaux processeurs ARM. Comme pour la " "version précédente, le portage pour l'architecture m68k était encore " "disponible dans <emphasis>unstable</emphasis>. Elle contenait environ " "23 000 paquets binaires (construits à partir de plus de 12 000 paquets " "source) entretenus par plus de 1 010 développeurs Debian." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1099 msgid "" "With the release of Debian lenny, the naming scheme for point releases was " "<ulink url=\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce/2009/02/"; "msg00003.html\">changed</ulink>: point releases will use a true micro " "version number, so the first point release of Debian lenny will be 5.0.1. In " "the past point releases were named by an <emphasis>r</emphasis> plus the " "number appended to major and minor number, e.g. 4.0r1." msgstr "" "Avec la publication de Debian Lenny un <ulink url=\"https://lists.debian.org/"; "debian-devel-announce/2009/02/msg00003.html\">changement</ulink> est " "intervenu dans la façon de nommer les versions intermédiaires. Ces versions " "utiliseront désormais un vrai micro numéro de version, ainsi la première " "version intermédiaire de Lenny était 5.0.1. Par le passé, un <emphasis>r</" "emphasis> auquel étaient accolés un numéro majeur et un mineur (par exemple, " "4.0r1) définissait la version intermédiaire." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1108 msgid "" "The eighth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf7.debconf.org/\">Debconf7</ulink>, was held in Edinburgh, Scotland, " "from June 17th to 23th, 2007 with over four hundred participants. <ulink " "url=\"https://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2007/debconf7/\";>Videos</" "ulink> and <ulink url=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/debconf7\";>pictures</" "ulink> from this conference are available online." msgstr "" "La huitième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf7.debconf.org/\">Debconf7</ulink>, s'est tenue à Édimbourg en Écosse " "du 17 au 23 juin 2007 avec plus de 400 participants. Des <ulink " "url=\"https://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2007/debconf7/\";>vidéos</" "ulink> et des <ulink url=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/debconf7\";>photos</" "ulink> de cette conférence sont disponibles en ligne." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1117 msgid "" "The ninth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf8.debconf.org/\">Debconf8</ulink>, was held in Mar de Plata, " "Argentina, from August 10th to 16th, 2008 with over <ulink url=\"https://"; "gallery.debconf.org/v/debconf8/karora/OfficialPhoto.jpg.html\">two hundred</" "ulink> participants. <ulink url=\"https://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-"; "meetings/2008/debconf8/\">Videos</ulink> and <ulink url=\"https://"; "gallery.debconf.org/v/debconf8/\">pictures</ulink> from this conference are " "available online." msgstr "" "La neuvième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf8.debconf.org/\">Debconf8</ulink>, s'est tenue à Mar de Plata en " "Argentine du 10 au 16 août 2008 avec plus de <ulink url=\"https://"; "gallery.debconf.org/v/debconf8/karora/OfficialPhoto.jpg.html\">deux cents</" "ulink> participants. Des <ulink url=\"https://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-"; "meetings/2008/debconf8/\">vidéos</ulink> et des <ulink url=\"https://"; "gallery.debconf.org/v/debconf8/\">photos</ulink> de cette conférence sont " "disponibles en ligne." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1127 msgid "" "The tenth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf9.debconf.org/\">Debconf9</ulink>, was held in Cáceres, Spain, from " "July 23th to 30th, 2009 with over <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debconf.org/wiki/"; "DebConf9/Pictures/GroupPhoto\">two hundred</ulink> participants. <ulink " "url=\"https://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2009/debconf9/\";>Videos</" "ulink> and <ulink url=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/v/debconf9/\";>pictures</" "ulink> from this conference are available online." msgstr "" "La dixième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf9.debconf.org/\">Debconf9</ulink>, s'est tenue à Cáceres en Espagne " "du 23 au 30 juillet 2009 avec plus de <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debconf.org/"; "wiki/DebConf9/Pictures/GroupPhoto\">deux cents</ulink> participants. Des " "<ulink url=\"https://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2009/"; "debconf9/\">vidéos</ulink> et des <ulink url=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/v/"; "debconf9/\">photos</ulink> de cette conférence sont disponibles en ligne." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1137 msgid "" "The eleventh <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf10.debconf.org/\">Debconf10</ulink>, was held in New York City, " "United States of America, from August 1st to 7th, 2010 with DebCamp " "preceding it from July 25th to 31st. Over <ulink url=\"https://"; "wiki.debconf.org/wiki/DebConf10/GroupPhoto\">200 people</ulink> including " "Debian developers, maintainers, users gathered at the Columbia Campus to " "participate in the conference. <ulink url=\"https://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/"; "debian-meetings/2010/debconf10/\">Videos</ulink> and <ulink url=\"https://"; "gallery.debconf.org/v/debconf10/\">pictures</ulink> from this conference are " "available online." msgstr "" "La onzième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf10.debconf.org/\">Debconf10</ulink>, s'est tenue à New York aux États-" "Unis du premier au 7 août 2010 précédée par le DebCamp du 25 au 31 juillet. " "Plus de <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debconf.org/wiki/DebConf10/"; "GroupPhoto\">200 personnes</ulink> incluant des développeurs Debian, des " "gestionnaires de paquets et des utilisateurs se sont rassemblés sur le " "campus de Columbia et ont participé à la conférence. Des <ulink " "url=\"https://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2010/debconf10/\";>vidéos</" "ulink> et des <ulink url=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/v/"; "debconf10/\">photos</ulink> de cette conférence sont disponibles en ligne." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:1150 msgid "The 6.x Releases" msgstr "Les versions 6.x" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1152 msgid "" "Debian 6.0 (<emphasis>squeeze</emphasis>) was released February 6th, 2011." msgstr "" "Debian 6.0 <emphasis>Squeeze</emphasis> a été publiée le 6 février 2011." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1155 msgid "" "After the project decided, the 29th of July 2009, to <ulink url=\"https://"; "www.debian.org/News/2009/20090729\">adopt time-based freezes</ulink> so that " "new releases would be published the first half of every even year. Squeeze " "was a one-time exception to the two-year policy in order to get into the new " "time schedule." msgstr "" "Le Projet décida le 29 juillet 2009 d'adopter <ulink url=\"https://"; "www.debian.org/News/2009/20090729\">des gels temporaux</ulink> afin de " "pouvoir publier les nouvelles versions en début d'année paire. Squeeze a été " "une exception dans cette nouvelle politique de publication sur deux ans afin " "de permettre de se caler sur cet agenda." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1162 msgid "" "This policy was adopted in order to provide better predictability of " "releases for users of the Debian distribution, and also allow Debian " "developers to do better long-term planning. A two-year release cycle " "provided more time for disruptive changes, reducing inconveniences caused " "for users. Having predictable freezes was expected also to reduce overall " "freeze time." msgstr "" "Cette politique a été adoptée pour fournir une meilleure prévisibilité aux " "utilisateurs de Debian ainsi que pour permettre aux développeurs de Debian " "d'optimiser leur planning sur le long terme. Un cycle de deux ans pour les " "publications permet d'avoir plus de temps pour les changements " "perturbateurs, ce qui réduit les désagréments occasionnés aux utilisateurs. " "Des dates de gel prévisibles devraient également permettre de réduire la " "durée totale de la période de gel." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1169 msgid "" "However, even though the freeze was expected in December 2009, the <ulink " "url=\"https://www.debian.org/News/2010/20100806\";>announcement that squeeze " "had frozen</ulink> came in August 2010, coinciding with the celebration of " "the 10th annual DebConf meeting in New York." msgstr "" "Toutefois et bien que le gel était attendu pour décembre 2009, l'<ulink " "url=\"https://www.debian.org/News/2010/20100806\";>annonce du gel de Squeeze</" "ulink> arriva au mois d'août 2010, ce qui coïncidait avec la célébration de " "la onzième conférence DebConf à New York." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1175 msgid "New features include:" msgstr "Les nouvelles fonctionnalités incluent :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1180 msgid "" "Linux Kernel 2.6.32, now completely free and without problematic firmware " "files." msgstr "" "Le noyau Linux 2.6.32, maintenant complètement libre et sans les fichiers " "problématiques des microprogrammes (« firmware »)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1186 msgid "libc: eglibc 2.11" msgstr "libc : eglibc 2.11" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1191 msgid "GNOME 2.30.0 with some pieces of 2.32" msgstr "La version 2.30.0 de GNOME avec quelques parties de 2.32" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1196 msgid "KDE 4.4.5" msgstr "KDE 4.4.5" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1201 msgid "X.org 7.5" msgstr "X.org 7.5" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1206 msgid "Xfce 4.6" msgstr "Xfce 4.6" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1211 msgid "OpenOffice.org 3.2.1" msgstr "OpenOffice.org 3.2.1" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1216 msgid "Apache 2.2.16" msgstr "Apache 2.2.16" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1221 msgid "PHP 5.3.3" msgstr "PHP 5.3.3" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1226 msgid "MySQL 5.1.49" msgstr "MySQL 5.1.49" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1231 msgid "PostgreSQL 8.4.6" msgstr "PostgreSQL 8.4.6" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1236 msgid "Samba 3.5.6" msgstr "Samba 3.5.6" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1241 msgid "GCC 4.4" msgstr "GCC 4.4" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1246 msgid "Perl 5.10" msgstr "Perl 5.10" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1251 msgid "Python 2.6 and 3.1" msgstr "Python 2.6 et 3.1" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1256 msgid "" "10,000 new packages, for more than 29,000 binary packages built from nearly " "15,000 source packages." msgstr "" "10 000 nouveaux paquets pour plus de 29 000 paquets binaires construits à " "partir de presque 15 000 paquets source." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1262 msgid "" "DKMS, a framework to generate Linux kernel modules whose sources do not " "reside in the Linux kernel source tree." msgstr "" "DKMS, une structure pour générer des modules du noyau Linux dont les sources " "ne se trouvent pas dans l'arbre des sources du noyau Linux." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1268 msgid "" "Dependency-based ordering of init scripts using insserv, allowing parallel " "execution to shorten the time needed to boot the system." msgstr "" "Le démarrage basé sur les dépendances des scripts d'initialisation en " "utilisant insserv, permettant l'exécution en parallèle de ces scripts, " "réduisant le temps de démarrage du système." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1274 msgid "Two new ports, kfreebsd-i386 and kfreebsd-amd64." msgstr "Deux nouveaux portages, kfreebsd-i386 et kfreebsd-amd64." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1279 msgid "" "Many packages started using a new source package format based on quilt. " "This <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/Projects/DebSrc3.0\";>new format</" "ulink>, called \"3.0 (quilt)\" for non-native packages, separates Debian " "patches from the distributed source code. A new format, \"3.0 (native)\", " "was also introduced for native packages. New features in these formats " "include support for multiple upstream tarballs, support for bzip2 and lzma " "compressed tarballs and the inclusion of binary files." msgstr "" "De nombreux paquets ont commencé à utiliser le nouveau format de paquet " "source basé sur quilt. Ce <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/Projects/"; "DebSrc3.0\">nouveau format</ulink> appelé « 3.0 (quilt) » pour les paquets " "non natifs permet de séparer les rustines Debian du code source. Un nouveau " "format « 3.0 (native) » a été également introduit pour les paquets natifs. " "Ces formats incluent de nouvelles fonctionnalités telles que la gestion des " "archives (tarball) multiples de l'amont, la gestion des formats de " "compression bzip2 et lzma et l'inclusion de fichiers binaires." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1288 msgid "" "The twelfth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf11.debconf.org/\">Debconf11</ulink>, was held in Banja Luka, Republic " "of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, from 24 to 30 July 2011, with DebCamp " "preceding it from 17 to 23 July." msgstr "" "La douzième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf11.debconf.org/\">Debconf11</ulink>, a eu lieu à Banja Luka, en " "République Serbe, Bosnie-Herzégovine du 24 au 31 juillet 2011, précédée par " "le <emphasis>DebCamp</emphasis> du 17 au 23 juillet." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1294 msgid "" "The thirteenth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf12.debconf.org/\">Debconf12</ulink>, was held in Managua, Nicaragua, " "from 8 to 14 July 2012, with DebCamp preceding it from 1 to 6 July, and a " "Debian Day on 7 July." msgstr "" "La treizième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf12.debconf.org/\">Debconf12</ulink>, a eu lieu à Managua au Nicaragua " "du 8 au 14 juillet 2012, précédée par le <emphasis>DebCamp</emphasis> du 1er " "au 6 juillet et de la Journée Debian le 7 juillet." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:1301 msgid "The 7.x Releases" msgstr "Les versions 7.x" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1303 msgid "" "Debian 7.0 (<emphasis>wheezy</emphasis>) was released May 4th, 2013. This " "new version of Debian included various interesting features such as <ulink " "url=\"https://www.debian.org/News/2011/20110726b\";>multiarch support</" "ulink>, several <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/News/"; "2012/20120425\">specific tools to deploy private clouds</ulink>, an improved " "installer, and a complete set of multimedia codecs and front-ends which " "removed the need for third-party repositories." msgstr "" "Debian 7.0 <emphasis>Wheezy</emphasis> a été publiée le 4 mai 2013. Cette " "nouvelle version de Debian incluait une variété intéressante de nouvelles " "fonctionnalités telles que la gestion <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/"; "News/2011/20110726b\">multiarch</ulink> (architectures multiples), plusieurs " "<ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/News/2012/20120425\";> outils spécifiques " "pour le déploiement de nuage privé</ulink>, un installateur amélioré et un " "ensemble complet de codecs multimédia et de frontaux qui ont supprimé le " "besoin de dépôts tiers." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1312 msgid "" "After the release of Debian wheezy, the naming scheme for point releases was " "<ulink url=\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-release/2013/05/"; "msg01020.html\">changed once again</ulink>: point releases will be named by " "the minor version number, e.g. 7.1. In the past point releases were named " "by the micro number appended to major and minor number, e.g. 6.0.1." msgstr "" "Le schéma de nommage pour les versions intermédiaires fut à nouveau <ulink " "url=\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-release/2013/05/"; "msg01020.html\">modifié</ulink> et cela juste après la publication de " "Wheezy. Ces dernières seront dès lors nommées par un numéro de version " "mineur, par exemple 7.1. Par le passé, les versions intermédiaires étaient " "nommées par un numéro micro de version accolé aux numéros majeur et mineur, " "par exemple 6.0.1." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1320 msgid "" "During the Debian Conference DebConf11, in July 2011, the \"multiarch " "support\" was introduced. This feature was a release goal for this " "release. Multiarch is a radical rethinking of the filesystem hierarchy with " "respect to library and header paths, to make programs and libraries of " "different hardware architectures easily installable in parallel on the very " "same system. This allows users to install packages from multiple " "architectures on the same machine. This is useful in various ways, but the " "most common is installing both 64 and 32-bit software on the same machine " "and having dependencies correctly resolved automatically. This feature is " "described extensively in the <ulink url=\"https://wiki.debian.org/Multiarch/"; "HOWTO\">Multiarch manual</ulink>." msgstr "" "La gestion multiarchitecture a été introduite durant la douzième conférence " "DebConf. Cette fonctionnalité était alors un des buts de cette version. La " "gestion multiarchitecture est une manière radicale de repenser la hiérarchie " "du système de fichiers par rapport aux chemins des bibliothèques et des en-" "têtes, afin de permettre à des programmes et à des bibliothèques " "d'architectures matérielles différentes d'être facilement installables en " "parallèle sur le même système. C'est très utile pour de nombreuses raisons, " "la plus commune étant de pouvoir installer des logiciels 32 et 64 bits sur " "la même machine et ayant les dépendances correctement résolues. Cette " "fonctionnalité est décrite en détails dans le <ulink url=\"https://"; "wiki.debian.org/Multiarch/HOWTO\"> manuel de multiarchitecture</ulink>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1332 msgid "" "The installation process was greatly improved. The system could be " "installed using software speech, above all by visually impaired people who " "do not use a Braille device. Thanks to the combined efforts of a huge " "number of translators, the installation system was available in 73 " "languages, and more than a dozen of them were available for speech synthesis " "too. In addition, for the first time, Debian supported installation and " "booting using UEFI for new 64-bit PCs, although there was no support for " "<emphasis>Secure Boot</emphasis> yet." msgstr "" "La procédure d'installation a été grandement améliorée. Le système peut " "désormais être installé à l'aide d'un logiciel de synthèse vocale, par " "exemple pour les personnes malvoyantes ne disposant pas de périphérique " "braille. Grâce à la contribution d'un grand nombre de traducteurs, le " "système d'installation est disponible dans 73 langues et plus d'une dizaine " "pour la synthèse vocale. De plus, et pour la première fois, Debian gère " "l'installation et le démarrage UEFI pour les nouveaux PC 64 bits, mais sans " "toutefois la prise en compte de la gestion du <emphasis>démarrage sécurisé</" "emphasis> (Secure Boot)." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1342 project-history.en.dbk:1478 msgid "Other new features and updated software packages included:" msgstr "" "Les autres nouvelles fonctionnalités et paquets logiciels mis à jour " "incluent :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1347 msgid "Linux Kernel 3.2" msgstr "Le noyau Linux 3.2" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1352 msgid "kFreeBSD kernel 8.3 and 9.0" msgstr "Le noyau kFreeBSD 8.3 et 9.0" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1357 msgid "libc: eglibc 2.13" msgstr "libc : eglibc 2.13" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1362 msgid "the GNOME 3.4 desktop environment" msgstr "L'environnement de bureau GNOME 3.4" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1367 msgid "KDE Plasma Workspaces and KDE Applications 4.8.4" msgstr "Les espaces de travail KDE Plasma et les applications KDE 4.8.4" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1372 msgid "the Xfce 4.8 desktop environment" msgstr "L'environnement de bureau Xfce 4.8" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1377 msgid "X.org 7.7" msgstr "X.org 7.7" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1382 msgid "LibreOffice 3.5.4 (replacing OpenOffice)" msgstr "LibreOffice 3.5.4 (qui remplace OpenOffice)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1387 msgid "Xen Hypervisor 4.1.4" msgstr "L'hyperviseur Xen 4.1.4" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1392 msgid "Apache 2.2.22" msgstr "Apache 2.2.22" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1397 msgid "Tomcat 6.0.35 and 7.0.28" msgstr "Tomcat 6.0.35 et 7.0.28" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1402 msgid "PHP 5.4" msgstr "PHP 5.4" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1407 msgid "MySQL 5.5.30" msgstr "MySQL 5.5.30" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1412 msgid "PostgreSQL 9.1" msgstr "PostgreSQL 9.1" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1417 msgid "Samba 3.6.6" msgstr "Samba 3.6.6" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1422 msgid "GCC 4.7 on PCs (4.6 elsewhere)" msgstr "GCC 4.7 sur PC (et 4.6 ailleurs)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1427 msgid "Perl 5.14" msgstr "Perl 5.14" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1432 msgid "Python 2.7" msgstr "Python 2.7" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1437 msgid "" "12,800 new packages, for more than 37,400 binary packages built from nearly " "17,500 source packages." msgstr "" "12 800 nouveaux paquets pour plus de 37 400 paquets binaires construits à " "partir de presque 17 500 paquets source." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1443 msgid "" "For more information on the new features introduced in this release, see the " "<emphasis>What's new in Debian 7.0</emphasis> chapter of <emphasis>Wheezy</" "emphasis> <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/wheezy/"; "releasenotes\">Release Notes</ulink>." msgstr "" "Pour davantage d'informations sur les nouvelles fonctionnalités introduites " "dans cette version, veuillez vous référer au chapitre <emphasis>Quoi de neuf " "dans Debian 7.0</emphasis> de <emphasis>Wheezy</emphasis> des <ulink " "url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/wheezy/releasenotes\";>notes de " "publication</ulink>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1449 msgid "" "The fourteenth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf13.debconf.org/\">Debconf13</ulink>, was held in Vaumarcus, " "Switzerland, from 11 to 18 August 2013, with DebCamp preceding it from 6 to " "10 August, and a Debian Day on 11 August." msgstr "" "La quatorzième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf13.debconf.org/\">Debconf13</ulink>, a eu lieu à Vaumarcus en Suisse " "du 11 au 18 août 2013, précédée par le <emphasis>DebCamp</emphasis> du 6 au " "10 août et de la Journée Debian le 11 août." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1455 msgid "" "The fifteenth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf14.debconf.org/\">Debconf14</ulink>, was held in Portland, United " "States of America, from 23 to 31 August 2014. With 301 attendees it was the " "largest Debconf in the Western hemisphere to date." msgstr "" "La quinzième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf14.debconf.org/\">Debconf14</ulink> a eu lieu à Portland, aux États-" "Unis du 23 au 31 août 2014. Avec 301 participants, ce fut la plus importante " "DebConf de l'hémisphère occidental à ce jour." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:1462 msgid "The 8.x Releases" msgstr "Les versions 8.x" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1464 msgid "Debian 8.0 (<emphasis>Jessie</emphasis>) was released April 25th, 2015." msgstr "Debian 8.0 <emphasis>Jessie</emphasis> a été publiée le 25 avril 2015." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para><footnote><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1472 msgid "" "In the Debian Project Leader Elections of the previous four years the number " "of voters had been usually around 40% of the existing Debian Developers" msgstr "" "Le pourcentage de participants aux élections du chef de Projet de Debian des " "quatre dernières années tournaient généralement autour des 40 % des " "développeurs Debian existants." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1467 msgid "" "A major change in this release was the replacement of the init system: " "systemd replaced sysvinit. This new init system featured many improvements " "and faster boot times. Its inclusion, however, sparked a lot of debate in " "the different mailing lists and even led to a General Resolution titled " "<ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/vote/2014/vote_003\";>init system " "coupling</ulink>. which was voted by close to half of the " "developers<placeholder type=\"footnote\" id=\"0\"/>." msgstr "" "Une modification majeure de cette version fut le remplacement du système " "d'initialisation historique <emphasis>sysvinit</emphasis> par " "<emphasis>systemd</emphasis> qui apportait de nombreuses améliorations et " "des durées de démarrage plus courtes. Son adoption fut toutefois douloureuse " "et créa de nombreux débats sur les listes de diffusion et se termina même " "par une résolution générale intitulée <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/"; "vote/2014/vote_003\">couplage du système d'initialisation</ulink> qui fut " "votée par près de la moitié des développeurs<placeholder type=\"footnote\" " "id=\"0\"/>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1483 msgid "Apache 2.4.10" msgstr "Apache 2.4.10" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1488 msgid "Asterisk 11.13.1" msgstr "Asterisk 11.13.1" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1493 msgid "GIMP 2.8.14" msgstr "Gimp 2.8.14" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1498 msgid "an updated version of the GNOME desktop environment 3.14" msgstr "Une version mise à niveau de l'environnement de bureau GNOME 3.14" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1503 msgid "GNU Compiler Collection 4.9.2" msgstr "Collection de compilation GNU 4.9.2" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1508 msgid "Icedove 31.6.0 (an unbranded version of Mozilla Thunderbird)" msgstr "Icedove 31.6.0 (version démarquée de Mozilla Thunderbird)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1513 msgid "Iceweasel 31.6.0esr (an unbranded version of Mozilla Firefox)" msgstr "Iceweasel 31.6.0esr (version démarquée de Mozilla Firefox)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1518 msgid "KDE Plasma Workspaces and KDE Applications 4.11.13" msgstr "Les espaces de travail KDE Plasma et les applications KDE 4.11.13" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1523 msgid "LibreOffice 4.3.3" msgstr "LibreOffice 4.3.3" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1528 msgid "Linux 3.16.7-ctk9" msgstr "Linux 3.16.7-ctk9" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1533 msgid "MariaDB 10.0.16 and MySQL 5.5.42" msgstr "MariaDB 10.0.16 et MySQL 5.5.42" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1538 msgid "Nagios 3.5.1" msgstr "Nagios 3.5.1" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1543 msgid "OpenJDK 7u75" msgstr "OpenJDK 7u75" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1548 msgid "Perl 5.20.2" msgstr "Perl 5.20.2" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1553 msgid "PHP 5.6.7" msgstr "PHP 5.6.7" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1558 msgid "PostgreSQL 9.4.1" msgstr "PostgreSQL 9.4.1" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1563 msgid "Python 2.7.9 and 3.4.2" msgstr "Python 2.7.9 et 3.4.2" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1568 msgid "Samba 4.1.17" msgstr "Samba 4.1.17" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1573 msgid "Tomcat 7.0.56 and 8.0.14" msgstr "Tomcat 7.0.56 et 8.0.14" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1578 msgid "Xen Hypervisor 4.4.1" msgstr "L'hyperviseur Xen 4.4.1" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1583 msgid "the Xfce 4.10 desktop environment" msgstr "L'environnement de bureau Xfce 4.10" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1588 msgid "" "more than 43,000 other ready-to-use software packages, built from nearly " "20,100 source packages." msgstr "" "Plus de 43 000 nouveaux paquets prêts à l'emploi construits à partir de " "presque 20 100 paquets source." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1594 msgid "" "For more information on the new features introduced in this release, see the " "<emphasis>What's new in Debian 8.0</emphasis> chapter of <emphasis>Jessie</" "emphasis> <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/"; "releasenotes\">Release Notes</ulink>." msgstr "" "Pour davantage d'informations sur les nouvelles fonctionnalités introduites " "dans cette version, veuillez vous référer au chapitre <emphasis>Quoi de neuf " "dans Debian 8.0</emphasis> des <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/"; "jessie/releasenotes\">notes de publication</ulink> de <emphasis>Jessie</" "emphasis>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1600 msgid "" "The sixteenth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf15.debconf.org/\">Debconf15</ulink>, with DebCamp and the Open " "Weekend, took place in Heidelberg, Germany, from 9 to 22 August 2015." msgstr "" "La seizième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf15.debconf.org/\">Debconf15</ulink> s'est tenue à Heidelberg, en " "Allemagne, du 9 au 22 août 2015, avec un <emphasis>DebCamp</emphasis> et un " "week-end ouvert." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1605 msgid "" "The seventeenth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf16.debconf.org/\">Debconf16</ulink> was held in Cape Town, South " "Africa, from 23 June to 9 July 2016 (preceded by DebCamp and DebianDay). It " "was the first DebConf in Africa." msgstr "" "La dix-septième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink " "url=\"https://debconf16.debconf.org/\";>Debconf16</ulink> a eu lieu au Cap, " "en Afrique du Sud du 23 juin au 9 Juillet 2016, précédée par le " "<emphasis>DebCamp</emphasis> et de la Journée Debian. C'est la première " "DebConf tenue en Afrique." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:1612 msgid "The 9.x Releases" msgstr "Les versions 9.x" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1614 msgid "Debian 9.0 (<emphasis>Stretch</emphasis>) was released June 17th, 2017." msgstr "" "Debian 9.0 (<emphasis>Stretch</emphasis>) a été publiée le 17 juin 2017." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1617 project-history.en.dbk:1762 #: project-history.en.dbk:1908 msgid "New features and updated software packages included:" msgstr "Les nouvelles fonctionnalités et mises à jour de paquets incluaient :" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1622 msgid "Apache 2.4.23" msgstr "Apache 2.4.23" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1627 msgid "Bind 9.10" msgstr "Bind 9.10" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1632 msgid "Calligra 2.9" msgstr "Calligra 2.9" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1637 msgid "Emacs 25.1" msgstr "Emacs 25.1" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1642 msgid "Firefox 50.0" msgstr "Firefox 50.0" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1647 msgid "GNOME desktop environment 3.22" msgstr "Environnement de bureau Gnome 3.22" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1652 msgid "GNU Compiler Collection 6.3" msgstr "La collection de compilation GNU 6.3" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1657 msgid "GnuPG 2.1" msgstr "GnuPG 2.1" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1662 msgid "KDE Plasma Workspaces and KDE Applications 5.8" msgstr "L'espace de travail Plasma de KDE et ses applications version 5.8" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1667 msgid "LibreOffice 5.2.7" msgstr "LibreOffice 5.2.7" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1672 msgid "Linux 4.9" msgstr "Linux 4.9" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1677 msgid "MariaDB 10.1" msgstr "MariaDB 10.1" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1682 msgid "OpenJDK 8" msgstr "OpenJDK 8" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1687 msgid "OpenSSH 7.4p1" msgstr "OpenSSH 7.4p1" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1692 msgid "Perl 5.24" msgstr "Perl 5.24" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1697 msgid "PHP 7.0" msgstr "PHP 7.0" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1702 msgid "Postfix 3.1" msgstr "Postfix 3.1" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1707 msgid "PostgreSQL 9.6" msgstr "PostgreSQL 9.6" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1712 msgid "Python 3.5" msgstr "Python 3.5" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1717 msgid "Samba 4.5.8" msgstr "Samba 4.5.8" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1722 msgid "Xen Hypervisor 4.8.1" msgstr "L'hyperviseur Xen 4.8.1" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1727 project-history.en.dbk:1872 msgid "the Xfce 4.12 desktop environment" msgstr "L'environnement de bureau Xfce 4.12" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1732 msgid "" "more than 51,000 other ready-to-use software packages, built from nearly " "25,000 source packages." msgstr "" "plus de 51 000 paquets prêts à l'emploi construits à partir de près de " "25 000 paquets source." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1738 msgid "" "For more information on the new features introduced in this release, see the " "<emphasis>What's new in Debian 9.0</emphasis> chapter of <emphasis>Stretch</" "emphasis> <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/stretch/"; "releasenotes\">Release Notes</ulink>." msgstr "" "Pour davantage d'informations sur les nouvelles fonctionnalités introduites " "dans cette version, veuillez vous référer au chapitre <emphasis>Quoi de neuf " "dans Debian 9.0</emphasis> des <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/"; "stretch/releasenotes\">notes de publication</ulink> de <emphasis>Stretch</" "emphasis>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1745 msgid "" "The eighteenth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf17.debconf.org/\">Debconf17</ulink> took place in Montreal, Canada, " "from 31 July to 12 August 2017, preceded by its DebCamp and the DebianDay." msgstr "" "La dix-huitième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink " "url=\"https://debconf17.debconf.org/\";>Debconf17</ulink>, a eu lieu à " "Montréal au Canada du 31 juillet au 12 août 2017, précédée par le " "<emphasis>DebCamp</emphasis> et la Journée Debian." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1750 msgid "" "The nineteenth <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf18.debconf.org/\">Debconf18</ulink> - the first DebConf in Asia - was " "held in Hsinchu, Taiwan, from 21 July to 5 August 2018, traditionally " "preceded by the DebCamp and an Open Day for the public." msgstr "" "La dix-neuvième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink " "url=\"https://debconf18.debconf.org/\";>Debconf18</ulink>, la première " "DebConf en Asie, s'est tenue à Hsinchu, à Taïwan, du 21 juillet au " "5 août 2018, précédée, comme d’habitude, par le <emphasis>DebCamp</emphasis> " "et d'une journée ouverte au public." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:1757 msgid "The 10.x Releases" msgstr "Les versions 10.x" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1759 msgid "Debian 10.0 (<emphasis>Buster</emphasis>) was released July 6th, 2019." msgstr "" "Debian 10.0 (<emphasis>Buster</emphasis>) a été publiée le 6 juillet 2019." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1767 msgid "Apache 2.4.38" msgstr "Apache 2.4.38" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1772 msgid "Bind 9.11" msgstr "Bind 9.11" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1777 msgid "Calligra 3.1" msgstr "Calligra 3.1" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1782 msgid "Emacs 26.1" msgstr "Emacs 26.1" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1787 msgid "Firefox 60.7" msgstr "Firefox 60.7" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1792 msgid "GNOME desktop environment 3.30" msgstr "Environnement de bureau Gnome 3.30" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1797 msgid "GNU Compiler Collection 8.3" msgstr "La collection de compilation GNU 8.3" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1802 msgid "GnuPG 2.2" msgstr "GnuPG 2.2" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1807 msgid "KDE Plasma Workspaces and KDE Applications 5.14" msgstr "L'espace de travail Plasma de KDE et ses applications version 5.14" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1812 msgid "LibreOffice 6.1" msgstr "LibreOffice 6.1" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1817 msgid "Linux 4.19" msgstr "Linux 4.19" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1822 msgid "MariaDB 10.3" msgstr "MariaDB 10.3" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1827 project-history.en.dbk:1973 msgid "OpenJDK 11" msgstr "OpenJDK 11" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1832 msgid "OpenSSH 7.9p1" msgstr "OpenSSH 7.9p1" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1837 msgid "Perl 5.28" msgstr "Perl 5.28" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1842 msgid "PHP 7.3" msgstr "PHP 7.3" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1847 msgid "Postfix 3.3.2" msgstr "Postfix 3.3.2" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1852 msgid "PostgreSQL 11" msgstr "PostgreSQL 11" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1857 msgid "Python 3.7.3" msgstr "Python 3.7.3" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1862 msgid "Rustc 1.34" msgstr "Rustc 1.34" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1867 msgid "Samba 4.9" msgstr "Samba 4.9" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1877 msgid "" "more than 57,700 other ready-to-use software packages, built from nearly " "25,000 source packages." msgstr "" "plus de 57 700 paquets prêts à l'emploi construits à partir de près de " "25 000 paquets source." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1883 msgid "" "For more information on the new features introduced in this release, see the " "<emphasis>What's new in Debian 10.0</emphasis> chapter of <emphasis>Buster</" "emphasis> <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/buster/"; "releasenotes\">Release Notes</ulink>." msgstr "" "Pour davantage d'informations sur les nouvelles fonctionnalités introduites " "dans cette version, veuillez vous référer au chapitre <emphasis>Quoi de neuf " "dans Debian 10.0</emphasis> des <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/"; "buster/releasenotes\">notes de publication</ulink> de <emphasis>Buster</" "emphasis>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1890 msgid "" "Right after the release of <emphasis>Buster</emphasis>, the twentieth " "<emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> <ulink url=\"https://debconf19.debconf.org/"; "\">Debconf19</ulink> took place in Curitiba, Brazil, from 14 to 28 July " "2019, together with DebCamp and an Open Day." msgstr "" "Immédiatement après la publication de <emphasis>Buster</emphasis>, la " "vingtième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf19.debconf.org/\">Debconf19</ulink>, a eu lieu à Curitiba, au Brésil, " "du 14 au 28 juillet 2019, ainsi que le <emphasis>DebCamp</emphasis> et une " "journée portes ouvertes." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1896 msgid "" "The twenty-first <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf20.debconf.org/\">Debconf20</ulink> was held online - due to COVID-19 " "- from August 23rd to 29th, 2020." msgstr "" "La vingt-et-unième <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis>, <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf20.debconf.org/\">Debconf20</ulink>, a eu lieu en ligne — à cause de " "la COVID 19 — du 23 au 29 août 2020." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:1903 msgid "The 11.x Releases" msgstr "Les versions 11.x" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1905 msgid "" "Debian 11.0 (<emphasis>Bullseye</emphasis>) was released August 14th, 2021." msgstr "" "Debian 11.0 (<emphasis>Bullseye</emphasis>) a été publiée le 14 août 2021." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1913 msgid "Apache 2.4.48" msgstr "Apache 2.4.48" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1918 msgid "Bind 9.16" msgstr "Bind 9.16" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1923 msgid "Calligra 3.2" msgstr "Calligra 3.2" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1928 msgid "Emacs 27.1" msgstr "Emacs 27.1" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1933 msgid "Firefox 78" msgstr "Firefox 78" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1938 msgid "GNOME desktop environment 3.38" msgstr "Environnement de bureau Gnome 3.38" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1943 msgid "GNU Compiler Collection 10.2" msgstr "Collection de compilation GNU 10.2" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1948 msgid "GnuPG 2.2.27" msgstr "GnuPG 2.2.27" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1953 msgid "KDE Plasma Workspaces and KDE Applications 5.20" msgstr "L'espace de travail Plasma de KDE et ses applications version 5.20" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1958 msgid "LibreOffice 7.0" msgstr "LibreOffice 7.0" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1963 msgid "Linux 5.10" msgstr "Linux 5.10" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1968 msgid "MariaDB 10.5" msgstr "MariaDB 10.5" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1978 msgid "OpenSSH 8.4p1" msgstr "OpenSSH 8.4p1" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1983 msgid "Perl 5.32" msgstr "Perl 5.32" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1988 msgid "PHP 7.4" msgstr "PHP 7.4" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1993 msgid "Postfix 3.5" msgstr "Postfix 3.5" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:1998 msgid "PostgreSQL 13" msgstr "PostgreSQL 13" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2003 msgid "Python 3.9.1" msgstr "Python 3.9.1" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2008 msgid "Rustc 1.48" msgstr "Rustc 1.48" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2013 msgid "Samba 4.13" msgstr "Samba 4.13" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2018 msgid "the Xfce 4.16 desktop environment" msgstr "L'environnement de bureau Xfce 4.16" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><itemizedlist><listitem><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2024 msgid "" "more than 59,500 other ready-to-use software packages, built from more than " "25,000 source packages." msgstr "" "plus de 59 500 paquets prêts à l'emploi construits à partir de près de " "25 000 paquets source." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2030 msgid "" "For more information on the new features introduced in this release, see the " "<emphasis>What's new in Debian 11.0</emphasis> chapter of " "<emphasis>Bullseye</emphasis> <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/"; "bullseye/releasenotes\">Release Notes</ulink>." msgstr "" "Pour davantage d'informations sur les nouvelles fonctionnalités introduites " "dans cette version, veuillez vous référer au chapitre <emphasis>Quoi de neuf " "dans Debian 11.0</emphasis> des <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/"; "bullseye/releasenotes\">notes de publication</ulink> de <emphasis>Bullseye</" "emphasis>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2037 msgid "" "Right after the release of <emphasis>Bullseye</emphasis>, the twenty-second " "<emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> <ulink url=\"https://debconf21.debconf.org/"; "\">Debconf21</ulink> was held online - due to COVID-19 - from August 24 to " "August 28, 2021. It was preceded by an (online) DebCamp from August 15 to " "August 23, 2021." msgstr "" "Juste après la publication de <emphasis>Bullseye</emphasis>, la vingt-" "deuxième conférence <emphasis>DebConf</emphasis> <ulink url=\"https://"; "debconf21.debconf.org/\">Debconf21</ulink> s'est tenue en ligne à cause de " "la COVID-19 du 24 au 28 août 2021. Elle a été précédée d'un " "<emphasis>DebCamp</emphasis> en ligne du 15 au 23 août." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2047 msgid "" "<ulink url='https://debconf22.debconf.org/'>DebConf22</ulink>, the 23rd " "annual Debian Conference, took place in Prizren, Kosovo from July 17th to " "24th, 2022. We've hosted 260 attendees from 38 different countries " "participating in 91 event talks, discussion sessions, Birds of a Feather " "(BoF) gatherings, workshops, and other activities." msgstr "" "La vingt-troisième conférence annuelle de Debian, <ulink url='https://"; "debconf22.debconf.org/'>DebConf22</ulink>, s'est tenue à Prizren, au Kosovo, " "du 17 au 24 juillet 2022. Nous avons accueilli 260 participants venant de " "38 pays qui ont participé à 91 événements, conférences, sessions de " "discussion, réunions spécialisées (« Birds of a Feather », BOF), ateliers et " "autres activités." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2057 msgid "" "<ulink url='https://debconf23.debconf.org/'>DebConf23</ulink>, took place in " "Kochi, India from September 10th to 17th, 2023. Over 474 attendees " "representing 35 countries from around the world came together for a combined " "89 events made up of Talks, Discussions, Birds of a Feather (BoF) " "gatherings, workshops, and other activities." msgstr "" "La vingt-quatrième conférence annuelle de Debian, <ulink url='https://"; "debconf23.debconf.org/'>DebConf23</ulink>, s'est tenue à Kochi, en Inde, du " "10 au 17 septembre 2023. Plus de 474 personnes, venues de 35 pays du monde " "entier, se sont rassemblées pour participer à un ensemble de 89 événements, " "des conférences, des sessions de discussion, des réunions spécialisées " "(BOF), des ateliers et autres activités." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2068 msgid "Some Important Events" msgstr "Quelques événements importants" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2070 msgid "October 2000: Implementation of Package Pools" msgstr "Octobre 2000 : implémentation des regroupements de paquets (pools)" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2072 msgid "" "James Troup <ulink url=\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0010/"; "msg00007.html\">reported</ulink> that he has been working on re-implementing " "the archive maintenance tools and switching to package pools. From this " "date, files are stored in a directory named after the corresponding source " "package inside of the <filename>pools</filename> directory. The " "distribution directories will only contain Packages files that contain " "references to the pool. This simplifies overlapping distributions such as " "testing and unstable. The archive is also database-driven using PostgreSQL " "which also speeds up lookups." msgstr "" "James Troup a <ulink url=\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-"; "announce-0010/msg00007.html\">rapporté</ulink> qu'il avait travaillé sur une " "nouvelle implémentation des outils de maintenance de l'archive et avait " "basculé sur le regroupement de paquets (pools). À partir de cette date, les " "fichiers furent enregistrés dans un répertoire nommé d'après le paquet " "source correspondant à l'intérieur du répertoire de pools. Cela simplifie " "grandement le chevauchement de distributions telles que testing et unstable. " "L'archive est également structurée sous forme de bases de données ce qui " "accélère fortement les recherches." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2083 msgid "" "This concept of managing Debian's archives sort of like a package cache was " "first introduced by Bdale Garbee in <ulink url=\"https://lists.debian.org/"; "debian-devel/1998/05/msg01607.html\">this email</ulink> to the debian-devel " "list in May of 1998." msgstr "" "Ce concept de gérer les archives de Debian à la manière d'un cache de paquet " "a été introduit par Bdale Garbee dans ce <ulink url=\"https://"; "lists.debian.org/debian-devel/1998/05/msg01607.html\">message</ulink> à la " "liste de diffusion debian-devel en mai 1998." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2090 msgid "November 2002: Fire burnt Debian server" msgstr "Novembre 2002 : incendie d'un serveur Debian" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2092 msgid "" "Around 08:00 CET on November 20th, 2002, the University of Twente Network " "Operations Center (NOC) caught fire. The building burnt to the ground. The " "fire department gave up hope on protecting the server area. Among other " "things the NOC hosted satie.debian.org which contained both the security and " "non-US archive as well as the new-maintainer (nm) and quality assurance " "(qa) databases. Debian rebuilt these services on the host klecker, which " "was recently moved from the U.S.A. to the Netherlands." msgstr "" "Le 20 novembre 2002 aux environs de 8 heures CET, le centre des opérations " "réseau (NOC) de l'Université de Twente a pris feu. L'immeuble a brûlé " "entièrement. Les pompiers avaient abandonné tout espoir de pouvoir protéger " "la zone des serveurs. Le NOC hébergeait satie.debian.org qui contenait les " "archives de sécurité et non-US, de même que les bases de données des " "nouveaux responsables (nm) et de l'assurance qualité (qa). Debian a " "reconstruit ces services sur la machine klecker, qui avait récemment " "déménagé des États-Unis vers les Pays-Bas." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2102 msgid "November 2003: Several Debian servers hacked" msgstr "Novembre 2003 : piratage de plusieurs serveurs Debian" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2104 msgid "" "Starting 17:00 UTC on November 19th, 2003, four of the project's main Web " "servers for bug tracking, mailing lists, security and Web searches <ulink " "url=\"https://www.debian.org/News/2003/20031202\";>have been compromised</" "ulink>. The services were taken down for inspection and fortunately it could " "be confirmed, that the package archive was not affected by this compromise. " "On November 25th, all services were recovered and back online." msgstr "" "Le 19 novembre 2003 à 17:00 UTC, quatre des principaux serveurs web du " "projet pour le suivi de bogues, les listes de diffusion, la sécurité et les " "recherches web furent <ulink url=\"https://www.debian.org/News/"; "2003/20031202\">compromis</ulink>. Les services furent interrompus pour " "permettre une inspection et il fut heureusement confirmé que les archives " "des paquets n'avaient pas été affectées par cette attaque. Le 25 novembre, " "tous les services ont été remis en route." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2116 msgid "Remembering People We Have Lost" msgstr "Mémorial de nos disparus" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2118 msgid "July 2000: Joel Klecker died" msgstr "Juillet 2000 : décès de Joel Klecker" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2120 msgid "" "On July 11th, 2000, Joel Klecker, who was also known as Espy, passed away at " "21 years of age. No one who saw 'Espy' in #mklinux, the Debian lists or " "channels knew that behind this nickname was a young man suffering from a " "form of <ulink url=\"https://www.mda.org/disease/duchenne-muscular-"; "dystrophy\">Duchenne muscular dystrophy</ulink>. Most people only knew him " "as 'the Debian glibc and powerpc guy' and had no idea of the hardships Joel " "fought. Though physically impaired, he shared his great mind with others." msgstr "" "Le 11 juillet 2000, Joel Klecker, alias Espy, nous a quitté à l'âge de " "21 ans. Personne ne savait que celui qui se présentait sous le pseudonyme " "d'Espy sur #mklinux était un jeune homme qui souffrait de <ulink " "url=\"https://www.mda.org/disease/duchenne-muscular-dystrophy\";>dystrophie " "musculaire de Duchenne</ulink>. La plupart le connaissaient seulement comme " "le « gars de la glibc et de la powerpc dans Debian » et personne n'avait la " "moindre idée sur les souffrances qu'il endurait. Bien que physiquement " "diminué, il partagea son grand esprit avec les autres." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2129 msgid "Joel Klecker (also known as Espy) will be missed." msgstr "Joel Klecker (alias Espy) sera regretté." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2133 msgid "March 2001: Christopher Rutter died" msgstr "Mars 2001 : décès de Christopher Rutter" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2135 msgid "" "On March 1st, 2001, Christopher Matthew Rutter (also known as cmr) was " "killed after he was struck by a car at the age of 19. Christopher was a " "young and well known member of the Debian project helping the ARM port. The " "buildd.debian.org site is dedicated to his memory." msgstr "" "Le 1er mars 2001, Christopher Matthew Rutter (alias « cmr ») a été tué à " "l'âge de 19 ans, percuté par une voiture. Christopher était un jeune et " "célèbre membre du projet Debian, aidant au portage ARM. Le site " "buildd.debian.org est dédié à sa mémoire." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2141 msgid "Chris Rutter will be missed." msgstr "Chris Rutter sera regretté." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2145 msgid "March 2001: Fabrizio Polacco died" msgstr "Mars 2001 : décès de Fabrizio Polacco" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2147 msgid "" "On March 28th, 2001, Fabrizio Polacco passed away after a long illness. The " "Debian Project honors his good work and strong dedication to Debian and Free " "Software. The contributions of Fabrizio will not be forgotten, and other " "developers will step forward to continue his work." msgstr "" "Le 28 mars 2001, Fabrizio Polacco a disparu des suites d'une longue maladie. " "Le projet Debian honore son excellent travail ainsi que son fort dévouement " "à Debian et au logiciel libre. Les contributions de Fabrizio ne seront pas " "oubliées, les autres développeurs iront de l'avant pour continuer son " "travail." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2153 msgid "Fabrizio Polacco will be missed." msgstr "Fabrizio Polacco sera regretté." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2157 msgid "July 2002: Martin Butterweck died" msgstr "Juillet 2002 : décès de Martin Butterweck" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2159 msgid "" "On July 21st, 2002, Martin Butterweck (also known as blendi) died after " "battling leukemia. Martin was a young member of the Debian project who " "recently joined the project." msgstr "" "Le 21 juillet 2002, Martin Butterweck (alias « blendi ») a disparu après " "avoir combattu la leucémie. Martin était un jeune membre du projet Debian, " "qui avait rejoint récemment le projet." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2164 msgid "Martin Butterweck will be missed." msgstr "Martin Butterweck sera regretté." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2168 msgid "May 2004: Manuel Estrada Sainz and Andrés García Solier died" msgstr "Mai 2004 : décès de Manuel Estrada Sainz et Andrés García Solier" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2170 msgid "" "On May 9th Manuel Estrada Sainz (ranty) and Andrés García Solier (ErConde) " "were killed in a tragic car accident while returning from the Free Software " "conference held at Valencia, Spain." msgstr "" "Le 9 mai, Manuel Estrada Sainz (alias ranty) et Andrés García Solier (alias " "ErConde) ont été tués dans un tragique accident de voiture en rentrant de la " "conférence sur les logiciels libres tenue à Valence, en Espagne." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2175 msgid "Manuel Estrada Sainz and Andrés García Solier will be missed." msgstr "Manuel Estrada Sainz et Andrés García seront regrettés." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2179 msgid "July 2005: Jens Schmalzing died" msgstr "Juillet 2005 : décès de Jens Schmalzing" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2181 msgid "" "On July 30th Jens Schmalzing (jensen) died in a tragic accident at his " "workplace in Munich, Germany. He was involved in Debian as a maintainer of " "several packages, as supporter of the PowerPC port, as a member of the " "kernel team, and was instrumental in taking the PowerPC kernel package to " "version 2.6. He also maintained the Mac-on-Linux emulator and its kernel " "modules, helped with the installer and with local Munich activities." msgstr "" "Le 30 juillet, Jens Schmalzing (alias jensen) a été tué dans un tragique " "accident sur son lieu de travail à Munich en Allemagne. Il était impliqué " "dans Debian comme responsable de plusieurs paquets, parrain du portage de " "PowerPC, membre de l'équipe du noyau, et a aidé à migrer le paquet du noyau " "pour PowerPC vers la version 2.6. Il entretenait également l'émulateur « Mac-" "on-Linux » et ses modules du noyau, et a aidé à la mise au point de " "l'installateur ainsi qu'aux activités locales à Munich." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2189 msgid "Jens Schmalzing will be missed." msgstr "Jens Schmalzing sera regretté." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2193 msgid "December 2008: Thiemo Seufer died" msgstr "Décembre 2008 : décès de Thiemo Seufer" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2195 msgid "" "On December 26th Thiemo Seufer (ths) died in a car accident. He was the " "lead maintainer of the MIPS and MIPSEL port and he had also contributed at " "length in the debian-installer long before <ulink url=\"https://"; "lists.debian.org/debian-newmaint/2004/06/msg00021.html\">he became a Debian " "developer</ulink> in 2004. As a member of the QEMU team he wrote most of " "the MIPS emulation layer." msgstr "" "Thiemo Seufer (alias ths) est décédé le 26 décembre dans un accident de " "voiture. Il dirigeait l'entretien des portages de MIPS et MIPSEL et il avait " "aussi participé en profondeur au développement de l'installateur Debian bien " "avant de <ulink url=\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-newmaint/2004/06/"; "msg00021.html\">devenir un développeur Debian</ulink> en 2004. Membre de " "l'équipe QEMU, il a écrit l'essentiel de la couche d'émulation de MIPS." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2203 msgid "Thiemo Seufer will be missed." msgstr "Thiemo Seufer sera regretté." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2207 msgid "July 2009: Steve Greenland died" msgstr "Juillet 2009 : décès de Steve Greenland" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2209 msgid "" "On July 18th Steve Greenland (stevegr) died of cancer. He was the maintainer " "of many core packages (such as cron) since he joined Debian in 1999." msgstr "" "Le 18 juillet Steve Greenland (alias stevegr) est décédé d'un cancer. Il " "était le responsable de nombreux paquets essentiels (tels que cron) depuis " "qu'il avait rejoint Debian en 1999." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2213 msgid "Steve Greenland will be missed." msgstr "Steve Greenland sera regretté." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2217 msgid "August 2010: Frans Pop died" msgstr "Août 2010 : décès de Frans Pop" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2219 msgid "" "Frans Pop (fjp) died on August 20th. Frans was involved in Debian as a " "maintainer of several packages, a supporter of the S/390 port, and one of " "the most involved members of the Debian Installer team. He was a Debian " "listmaster, editor and release manager of the Installation Guide and the " "release notes, as well as a Dutch translator." msgstr "" "Frans Pop (alias fjp) est décédé en août 2010. Frans était impliqué dans " "Debian comme le responsable de plusieurs paquets, comme un parrain du " "portage S/390 et était un des membres les plus impliqués de l'équipe de " "l'installateur Debian. Il était un listmaster de Debian, le rédacteur et le " "gestionnaire de publications du « Guide d'installation » et des notes de " "publications, et également un traducteur en néerlandais." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2226 msgid "Frans Pop will be missed." msgstr "Frans Pop sera regretté." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2230 msgid "April 2011: Adrian von Bidder died" msgstr "Avril 2011 : décès de Adrian von Bidder" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2232 msgid "" "Adrian von Bidder (cmot) died on April 17th. Adrian was one of the founding " "members and secretary of debian.ch, he sparked many ideas that made Debian " "Switzerland be what it is today. Adrian also actively maintained software " "in the Debian package archive, and represented the project at numerous " "events." msgstr "" "Adrian von Bidder (alias cmot) est décédé le 17 avril. Adrian faisait partie " "des membres fondateurs et était le secrétaire de debian.ch ; il suscita de " "nombreuses idées qui permirent à Debian Suisse d'être ce qu'elle est " "aujourd'hui. Adrian a aussi activement entretenu des paquets dans l'archive " "de Debian et a représenté le projet dans de nombreux événements." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2238 msgid "Adrian von Bidder will be missed." msgstr "Adrian von Bidder sera regretté." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2242 msgid "May 2013: Ray Dassen died" msgstr "Mai 2013 : décès de Ray Dassen" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2244 msgid "" "Ray Dassen (jdassen) died on May 18th. Ray was a Debian Developer for " "incredible 19 years. He joined the project in 1994, and continued to be an " "active contributor until his passing. Ray was one of the founding members " "of the Debian GNOME team, his friendliness and willingness to help fostered " "a spirit of collaboration within the GNOME team. He continued his " "involvement within Debian as the maintainer of several packages, most " "notably the Gnumeric spreadsheet." msgstr "" "Ray Dassen (alias jdassen) est décédé le 18 mai. Il était développeur Debian " "depuis plus de 19 années. Il a rejoint le projet en 1994 et a continué " "d'être un contributeur actif jusqu'à son décès. Ray était un des membres " "fondateurs de l'équipe Debian GNOME ; sa gentillesse et sa volonté ont " "participé à créer un état d'esprit de collaboration avec l'équipe GNOME. Il " "continua son engagement en étant le responsable de plusieurs paquets dont le " "plus notable était le tableur Gnumeric." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2253 msgid "Ray Dassen will be missed." msgstr "Ray Dassen sera regretté." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2257 msgid "June 2013: Paul Cupis died" msgstr "Juin 2013 : décès de Paul Cupis" # # #. https://web.archive.org/web/20131027142311/http://www.thebraintumourcharity.org/supporter-groups/Paul-Cupis-Fund #. https://web.archive.org/web/20090408215050/http://www.cupis.co.uk/cupis/paul/index.html #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2259 msgid "" "Paul Cupis died on 17th June 2013, he was 32 years old. He joined Debian in " "2003. Paul (cupis@debian.org) was active in maintaining the doctorj " "(analyzing Javadoc comments) and other packages in Debian." msgstr "" "Paul Cupis est décédé le 17 juin 2013 à l'âge de 32 ans. Il avait rejoint " "Debian en 2003. Paul (cupis@debian.org) a entretenu de façon active doctorj " "(analyseur de commentaires Javadoc) et d'autres paquets de Debian." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2270 msgid "Paul Cupis will be missed." msgstr "Paul Cupis sera regretté." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2274 msgid "July 2014: Peter Miller died" msgstr "Juillet 2014 : décès de Peter Miller" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2276 msgid "" "Peter Miller died on July 27th. Peter was a relative newcomer to the Debian " "project, but his contributions to Free and Open Source Software go back to " "the late 1980s. Peter was significant contributor to GNU gettext as well as " "being the main upstream author and maintainer of other projects that ship as " "part of Debian, including, but not limited to srecord, aegis and cook. " "Peter was also the author of the paper <emphasis>Recursive Make Considered " "Harmful</emphasis>." msgstr "" "Peter Miller est décédé le 27 juillet. Peter était relativement nouveau dans " "le projet Debian, mais ses contributions aux Logiciels Libres remontent à la " "fin des années 1980. Il était un contributeur important à GNU gettext ainsi " "que l'auteur et responsable principal d'autres projets faisant partie " "intégrale de Debian, incluant, sans s'y limiter, srecord, aegis et cook. " "Peter était aussi l'auteur du papier <emphasis>Recursive Make Considered " "Harmful</emphasis>." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2284 msgid "Peter Miller will be missed." msgstr "Peter Miller sera regretté." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2288 msgid "February 2015: Clytie Siddall died" msgstr "Février 2015 : décès de Clytie Siddall" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2290 msgid "" "Clytie Siddall died in February 2015. Clytie was a contributor of " "Vietnamese translations to Debian and other projects for many years. Within " "Debian she worked on translations for the installer, dpkg, apt and various " "documentation. She also contributed translations within the GNOME community " "and many other projects. Clytie was also a GNOME foundation member between " "2005 and 2007." msgstr "" "Clytie Siddall est décédée en février 2015. Clytie contribuait depuis " "longtemps à la traduction vietnamienne de Debian ainsi qu'à de nombreux " "autres projets. Au sein de Debian, elle a travaillé sur la traduction de " "l'installateur, dpkg, apt et divers autres documentations. Elle a aussi " "contribué à la traduction au sein de la communauté GNOME et de bien d'autres " "projets. Clytie fut également membre de la fondation GNOME entre 2005 et " "2007." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2297 msgid "Clytie Siddall will be missed." msgstr "Clytie Siddall sera regrettée." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2301 msgid "December 2015: Ian Murdock died" msgstr "Décembre 2015 : décès de Ian Murdock" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2303 msgid "" "Ian Murdock, the founder of the Debian Project and its community, died in " "December 2015. Ian was introduced to computers early in his life, he " "started actively programming at nine years of age. With the idea and the " "opportunity to make something better, he started the Debian Project in " "August of 1993. At that time, the whole concept of a \"distribution\" of " "Linux was new. Inspired as he said by Linus Torvalds' own sharing of Linux, " "he released Debian with the intention that this distribution should be made " "openly, in the spirit of Linux and GNU. Ian's dream lives on: Debian is " "made up of a strong community that has fostered development, growth, and " "wonder. It remains incredibly active with thousands of developers working " "untold hours to bring the world a reliable and secure operating system. " "Debian has sparked the interest, curiosity, and passion of those who want to " "make something better. Then, now, and far into the future." msgstr "" "Ian Murdock, le fondateur du projet Debian et de sa communauté, est décédé " "en décembre 2015. Ian a très vite été en contact avec des ordinateurs et a " "d'ailleurs commencé à programmer dès l'âge de neuf ans. Dans l'idée et " "l'opportunité de faire quelque chose de mieux, il a débuté le projet Debian " "en août 1993. À cette époque, le concept même de « distribution » de Linux " "était nouveau. Inspiré selon ses mots par le partage de Linux par Linus " "Torvalds, il publia Debian avec l'intention que cette distribution soit " "construite de manière ouverte, dans l'esprit de Linux et GNU. Le rêve de Ian " "se poursuit : Debian est composée d'une forte communauté qui a favorisé le " "développement, la croissance et l'admiration. Elle reste incroyablement " "active avec des milliers de développeurs travaillant d'innombrables heures " "pour amener au monde un système d'exploitation fiable et sécurisé. Debian a " "suscité intérêt, curiosité et passion chez celles et ceux qui veulent faire " "quelque chose de mieux." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2318 msgid "" "The Debian 9 <emphasis>Stretch</emphasis> release was dedicated in his " "memory." msgstr "Debian 9 <emphasis>Stretch</emphasis> lui a été dédiée." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2321 msgid "Ian Murdock will be missed." msgstr "Ian Murdock sera regretté." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2325 msgid "September 2016: Kristoffer H. Rose died" msgstr "Septembre 2016 : décès de Kristoffer H. Rose" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2327 msgid "" "Kristoffer H. Rose died on September 17th 2016 after a long battle with " "myelofibrosis. Kristoffer was a Debian contributor from the very early days " "of the project, and the upstream author of several packages, such as the " "LaTeX package Xy-pic and FlexML. On his return to the project after several " "years' absence, many of us had the pleasure of meeting Kristoffer during " "DebConf15 in Heidelberg." msgstr "" "Kristoffer H. Rose est décédé le 17 septembre 2016 après une longue bataille " "contre la myélofibrose. Kristoffer était un contributeur Debian dès les " "premiers jours du projet et l'auteur de plusieurs paquets dont les paquets " "LaTeX, Xy-pic et FlexML. De retour au projet après plusieurs années " "d'absence, nous avons été nombreux à avoir eu le plaisir de rencontrer " "Kristoffer à la conférence DebConf15 à Heidelberg." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2335 msgid "Kristoffer H. Rose will be missed." msgstr "Kristoffer H. Rose sera regretté." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2339 msgid "September 2018: Innocent de Marchi died" msgstr "Septembre 2018 : décès d'Innocent de Marchi" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2342 msgid "" "Innocent was a math teacher and a free software developer. One of his " "passions was tangram puzzles, which led him to write a tangram-like game " "that he later packaged and maintained in Debian. Soon his contributions " "expanded to other areas, and he also worked as a tireless translator into " "Catalan. Innocent de Marchi will be missed." msgstr "" "Innocent était professeur de mathématiques et développeur de logiciel libre. " "Une de ses passions était le tangram, ce qui l'a amené à écrire un jeu de " "type tangram qu'il a ensuite empaqueté et entretenu dans Debian. Rapidement, " "ses contributions se sont étendues à d'autres domaines et il a été également " "un traducteur infatigable en catalan. Innocent de Marchi sera regretté." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2351 msgid "March 2019: Lucy Wayland died" msgstr "Mars 2019 : décès de Lucy Wayland" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2354 msgid "" "Lucy was a contributor within the Cambridge (UK) Debian community, helping " "to organise the Cambridge Mini-DebConf since several years. She was a " "strong fighter for diversity and inclusion, and participated in the creation " "of the Debian Diversity Team, working on increasing the visibility of under-" "represented groups and providing support with respect to diversity issues " "within the community. Lucy Wayland will be missed." msgstr "" "Lucy contribuait au projet au sein de la communauté Debian de Cambridge " "(Royaume-Uni), participant depuis plusieurs années à l'organisation des Mini-" "DebConf de Cambridge. Elle était une fervente défenseure de la diversité et " "de l'inclusion, et a participé à la création de l'équipe de Debian en charge " "de la diversité, œuvrant à accroître la visibilité des groupes sous-" "représentés et apportant son soutien pour résoudre, au sein de la " "communauté, les problèmes en rapport avec la diversité. Lucy Wayland sera " "regrettée." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2363 msgid "June 2020: Robert Lemmen died" msgstr "Juin 2020 : décès de Robert Lemmen" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2366 msgid "" "In June 2020, Robert Lemmen passed away after a serious illness. Robert had " "been regularly attending the Debian Munich meetups since the early 00s and " "helped with local booths. He had been a Debian Developer since 2007. Among " "other contributions, he packaged modules for Raku (Perl6 at that time) and " "helped other contributors to get involved in the Raku Team. He also put " "effort into tracking down circular dependencies in Debian. Robert Lemmen " "will be missed." msgstr "" "En Juin 2020, Robert Lemmen est décédé des suites d'une grave maladie. " "Robert assistait régulièrement aux rencontres Debian de Munich depuis le " "début des années 2000 et contribuait aux stands locaux. Il a été développeur " "Debian à partir de 2007. Entre autres contributions, il empaquetait des " "modules pour Raku (anciennement Perl 6) et aidait d'autres contributeurs à " "s'impliquer dans l'équipe de Raku. Il s'employait aussi à traquer les " "dépendances circulaires dans Debian. Robert Lemmen sera regretté." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2377 msgid "June 2020: Karl Ramm died" msgstr "Juin 2020 : décès de Karl Ramm" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2380 msgid "" "Karl Ramm passed away in June 2020, after complications due to metastatic " "colon cancer. He had been a Debian Developer since 2001 and packaged several " "components of MIT's Project Athena. He was passionate about technology and " "Debian, and always interested in helping others to find and promote their " "passions. Karl Ramm will be missed." msgstr "" "Karl Ramm a succombé en juin 2020 à des complications dues à un cancer du " "côlon. Développeur Debian depuis 2001, il empaquetait plusieurs composantes " "du Projet Athena du MIT. Il était passionné par la technologie et Debian, et " "était toujours intéressé à aider les autres à découvrir et à promouvoir " "leurs passions. Karl Ramm sera regretté." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2389 msgid "January 2021: Adam Conrad died" msgstr "Janvier 2021 : décès de Adam Conrad" # # # # # # # #. 2021 Adam Conrad (infinity) (formerly adconrad@d.o) #. passed away 26 jan 2021 #. worked on the m68k port and on armhf porting #. novel lymphoma tumor #. https://mhfh.com/tribute/details/32474/Adam-CONRAD/obituary.html #. September 16, 1977 – Calgary, Alberta #. January 26, 2021 – Calgary, Alberta #. Adam Conrad (a.k.a. Infinity, a.k.a. Tsenjin the Immortal) of Calgary, Alberta, #. Canada passed away after a long battle with cancer on Tuesday, January 26, 2021 #. at the age of 43 years. #. For Adam, computers were an all-consuming hobby that became his vocation and #. profession in the most serious senses of the words. He embraced the open-source #. software movement and became an important contributor to Debian (a free #. operating system) and an advocate of the free software movement. This #. eventually led to a successful career with Canonical Ltd. working on the Ubuntu #. operating system that powers a significant portion of the internet. This career #. took him all over the world, to developer conferences and Canonical meetings, #. where he got to meet some of the wonderful people he knew mostly online. At #. Canonical, among other accomplishments, Adam was instrumental in creating and #. running the machinery that reliably churns out new Ubuntu releases year after #. year. According to a former Canonical CEO, the work Adam performed there “has #. had a huge impact on millions of people.” #. FIXME TODO #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2392 msgid "" "Adam \"infinity\" Conrad (formerly adconrad@d.o) passed away 26 January 2021 " "at the age of 43 years. Adam Conrad will be missed." msgstr "" "Adam « infinity » Conrad (auparavant adconrad@d.o) est décédé le 26\\ " "janvier 2021, à l'âge de 43 ans. Adam Conrad sera regretté." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2432 msgid "April 2021: Rogério Theodoro de Brito died" msgstr "Avril 2021 : décès de Rogério Theodoro de Brito" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2437 msgid "" "In April 2021, we lost Rogério Theodoro de Brito due to the COVID-19 " "pandemic. Rogério enjoyed coding small tools and had been a Debian " "contributor for more than 15 years. Among other projects, he contributed " "toward the use of Kurobox/Linkstation devices in Debian and maintained the " "youtube-dl tool. He also participated and was \"Debian contact\" in several " "upstream projects. Rogério Theodoro de Brito will be missed." msgstr "" "En avril 2021, nous avons perdu Rogério Theodoro de Brito à cause de la " "pandémie de la COVID-19. Rogério aimait programmer de petits outils et a été " "contributeur Debian pendant plus de quinze ans. Entre autres projets, il a " "contribué à l'utilisation des périphériques Kurobox et Linkstation dans " "Debian et entretenait l'outil youtube-dl. Il a aussi participé à plusieurs " "projets amont où il était le « contact Debian ». Rogério Theodoro de Brito " "sera regretté." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2447 msgid "September 2023: Abraham Raji died" msgstr "Septembre 2023 : décès d'Abraham Raji" #. section taken from https://www.debian.org/News/2023/20230914 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2450 msgid "" "On 13th September 2023 Abraham Raji was involved in a fatal accident during " "a kayaking trip." msgstr "" "Le 13 septembre 2023, Abraham Raji a été victime d'un accident mortel lors " "d'une excursion en kayak." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2454 msgid "" "Abraham was a popular and respected Debian Developer as well a prominent " "free software champion in his home state of Kerala, India. He was a talented " "graphic designer and led design and branding work for DebConf23 and several " "other local events in recent years. Abraham gave his time selflessly when " "mentoring new contributors to the Debian project, and he was instrumental in " "creating and maintaining the Debian India website." msgstr "" "Abraham était un développeur Debian apprécié et respecté ainsi qu'un " "défenseur reconnu du logiciel libre dans son état d'origine le Kérala, en " "Inde. Il était un graphiste talentueux qui a mené un travail de conception " "graphique et d'image de marque pour la DebConf23 et plusieurs autres " "événements ces dernières années. Abraham donnait son temps sans compter " "lorsqu'il parrainait de nouveaux contributeurs du projet Debian, et on lui " "doit beaucoup pour la création et l'entretien du site web « Debian India »." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2462 msgid "" "The Debian Project honors his good work and strong dedication to Debian and " "Free Software. Abraham’s contributions will not be forgotten, and the high " "standards of his work will continue to serve as an inspiration to others." msgstr "" "Le projet Debian honore son excellent travail ainsi que son fort dévouement " "à Debian et au logiciel libre. Les contributions d'Abraham ne seront pas " "oubliées et la grande qualité de son travail restera toujours une source " "d'inspiration pour beaucoup. " #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2468 msgid "December 2023: Gunnar Hjalmarsson died" msgstr "Décembre 2023 : décès de Gunnar Hjalmarsson" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2470 msgid "" "Debian Developer <ulink url='https://wiki.ubuntu.com/GunnarHj'>Gunnar " "Hjalmarsson</ulink> passed away in 2023. Gunnar was a consistent and valued " "contributor to Ubuntu since 2010 particularly on internationalization " "efforts and became similarly involved in Debian. He was an active " "maintainer in the Debian GNOME and Input Method teams." msgstr "" "<ulink url='https://wiki.ubuntu.com/GunnarHj'>Gunnar Hjalmarsson</ulink>, " "développeur Debian est décédé en 2023. Gunnar était un contributeur régulier " "et apprécié d'Ubuntu depuis 2010 en particulier dans les efforts " "d'internationalisation et était impliqué dans Debian de la même manière. " "C'était un responsable de paquet actif dans les équipes Gnome et Méthodes de " "saisie de Debian." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2477 msgid "Gunnar Hjalmarsson (1958-10-06 - 2023-12-20, Sweden) will be missed." msgstr "" "Gunnar Hjalmarsson (6 octobre 1958 — 20 décembre 2023, Suède) sera regretté." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2481 msgid "July 2024: Peter De Schrijver died" msgstr "Juillet 2024 : décès de Peter De Schrijver" #. section taken from #. https://lists.debian.org/msgid-search/751f3ad6-33dc-4aca-9c34-9c08ee65e0a2@debian.org #. with info from #. https://www.ingedachten.be/overlijdensberichten/overlijden-detail/12-07-2024/peter-de-schrijver #. , https://nm.debian.org/person/p2/ , #. https://codesearch.debian.net/search?q=Peter%5C+De%5C+Schrijver&literal=0 #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2491 msgid "" "Debian Developer (since 2004) and Linux kernel hacker Peter \"p2\" De " "Schrijver passed away in July 2024. Many of us knew Peter as a very helpful " "and dedicated person and we valued his contributions to our project and the " "Linux community. Peter was a regular and familiar face in many conferences " "and meets across the world. Peter was highly regarded for his technical " "expertise in problem solving and for his willingness to share that " "knowledge. When asked \"what are you working on?\", Peter would often take " "the time to explain something you thought was extremely complicated " "understandably, or show you in- person his high technical proficiency in " "action on such tasks as translating a disassembled binary into C source code." msgstr "" "Développeur Debian depuis 2004 et « hacker du noyau Linux, Peter \"p2\" De " "Schrijver est décédé en juillet 2024. Beaucoup d'entre nous reconnaissaient " "en Peter une personne serviable et dévouée, et nous appréciions ses " "contributions à notre projet et à la communauté Linux. Peter était un visage " "habituel et familier de nombreuses conférences et rencontres à travers le " "monde. Peter était très apprécié pour son expertise technique dans la " "résolution de problèmes et pour sa volonté de partager ce savoir. Quand on " "lui demandait « sur quoi travaillez-vous ? », Peter prenait souvent le temps " "d'expliquer de manière intelligible des choses que l'on trouvait extrêmement " "compliquées, ou vous montrait lui-même ses compétences techniques de haut " "niveau en réalisant des tâches comme traduire un binaire désassemblé en code " "source C." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2503 msgid "" "Peter's work, ideals, and memory leave a remarkable legacy and a loss that " "is felt around the world not only in the many communities he interacted with " "but in those he inspired and touched as well." msgstr "" "Le travail de Peter, ses idéaux et son souvenir laissent un héritage " "remarquable et une perte ressentie dans le monde entier, non seulement dans " "les communautés avec lesquelles il interagissait mais aussi dans celles " "qu'il a inspirées et touchées." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2508 msgid "" "Peter De Schrijver (1970-09-17, Antwerp - 2024-07-12, Finland) will be " "missed." msgstr "" "Peter De Schrijver (17 septembre 1970, Anvers – 17 juillet 2024, Finlande) " "sera regretté." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2512 msgid "November 2024: Jérémy Bobbio died" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2514 msgid "" "Jérémy \"lunar\" Bobbio, 41 years old, died on November 8, 2024. Lunar was " "very active as a Debian Developer, worked on the Tor project, and was one of " "the founders of the Reproducible Builds movement. They are remembered as a " "creative, thoughtful, smart activist; who made a huge impact on very " "thriving Free Software projects. Jérémy Bobbio will be missed." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2523 msgid "January 2025: Steve Langasek died" msgstr "Janvier 2025 : décès de Steve Langasek" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2526 msgid "" "Steve Langasek, 45, of Portland, Oregon, passed away on January 1, 2025, at " "Oregon Health and Science University Hospital. Steve was one of the Release " "Managers during the Debian 3.1 \"sarge\" release, in 2005 as well as during " "the 4.0 \"etch\" release in 2007. Steve Langasek (1979-04-27 - 2025-01-01, " "Portland) will be missed." msgstr "" "Steve Langasek, de Portland, Oregon, est décédé à l'âge de 45 ans le " "1er janvier 2025 à l'Oregon Health and Science University Hospital. Steve " "fut un des responsable de la publication (« Release Managers ») pour " "Debian 3.1 « Sarge » en 2005 et celle de Debian 4.0 « Etch » en 2007. Steve " "Langasek (27 avril 1979 - 1er janvier 2025, Portland) sera regretté." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2558 msgid "What's Next?" msgstr "Et après ?" #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2560 msgid "" "The Debian Project continues to work on the <emphasis>unstable</emphasis> " "distribution (codenamed <emphasis>sid</emphasis>, after the evil and " "\"unstable\" kid next door from the <emphasis>Toy Story 1</emphasis> who " "should never be let out into the world). Sid is the permanent name for the " "unstable distribution and is always 'Still In Development'. Most new or " "updated packages are uploaded into this distribution." msgstr "" "Le projet Debian continue son travail sur la distribution " "<emphasis>unstable</emphasis> (nom de code <emphasis>Sid</emphasis>, d'après " "le démoniaque et instable gamin du film « Toy Story 1 », qui ne devrait " "jamais être lâché dans le monde réel). Sid est le nom permanent donné à la " "distribution instable qui est « Still in Development » (toujours en " "développement). La plupart des nouveaux paquets ou des paquets mis à jour " "sont placés dans cette distribution." #. type: Content of: <book><chapter><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2568 msgid "" "The <emphasis>testing</emphasis> release is intended to become the next " "stable release and is currently (as of July 2024) codenamed " "<emphasis>Trixie</emphasis>." msgstr "" "Il est prévu, à la date de publication de ce document, que la version de " "test (<emphasis>testing</emphasis>) devienne la prochaine distribution " "stable, sous le nom de code <emphasis>Trixie</emphasis>." #. type: Content of: <book><appendix><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2573 msgid "The Debian Manifesto" msgstr "Le Manifeste de Debian" #. type: Content of: <book><appendix><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2575 msgid "Written by Ian A. Murdock, Revised 01/06/94" msgstr "" "Écrit par Ian A. Murdock, révisé le premier juin 1994, traduction française " "par Christophe Le Bars" #. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2577 msgid "What is Debian Linux?" msgstr "Qu'est-ce que Debian Linux ?" #. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2579 msgid "" "Debian Linux is a brand-new kind of Linux distribution. Rather than being " "developed by one isolated individual or group, as other distributions of " "Linux have been developed in the past, Debian is being developed openly in " "the spirit of Linux and GNU. The primary purpose of the Debian project is " "to finally create a distribution that lives up to the Linux name. Debian is " "being carefully and conscientiously put together and will be maintained and " "supported with similar care." msgstr "" "Debian Linux est une toute nouvelle sorte de distribution Linux. Au lieu " "d'être développée par une personne isolée ou un groupe, comme les autres " "distributions de Linux ont pu l'être dans le passé, Debian est développée de " "manière ouverte dans l'esprit de Linux et de GNU. Le premier objectif du " "projet Debian est de créer enfin une distribution qui vivrait selon la " "nature du nom Linux. Debian est soigneusement et consciencieusement " "construite et sera entretenue et gérée avec la même attention." #. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2588 msgid "" "It is also an attempt to create a non-commercial distribution that will be " "able to effectively compete in the commercial market. It will eventually be " "distributed by The Free Software Foundation on CD-ROM, and The Debian Linux " "Association will offer the distribution on floppy disk and tape along with " "printed manuals, technical support and other end-user essentials. All of " "the above will be available at little more than cost, and the excess will be " "put toward further development of free software for all users. Such " "distribution is essential to the success of the Linux operating system in " "the commercial market, and it must be done by organizations in a position to " "successfully advance and advocate free software without the pressure of " "profits or returns." msgstr "" "C'est aussi une tentative pour créer une distribution non commerciale qui " "sera capable de véritablement rivaliser sur le marché commercial. Elle sera " "éventuellement distribuée par la « Free Software Foundation » sur CD et " "« l'association Debian Linux » fournira la distribution sur disquette ou sur " "bande accompagnée de manuels imprimés, le support technique et les autres " "besoins de l'utilisateur final. Tout cela sera disponible pour un peu plus " "que le prix de revient, et le bénéfice sera utilisé pour d'autres " "développements de logiciels libres pour tous les utilisateurs. Une telle " "distribution est essentielle pour le succès du système d'exploitation Linux " "sur le marché commercial et elle doit être faite par des organisations ayant " "la possibilité de faire progresser avec succès et de défendre l'informatique " "libre sans la pression du profit ou de la rentabilité." #. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2601 msgid "Why is Debian being constructed?" msgstr "Pourquoi Debian a-t-elle été conçue ?" #. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2603 msgid "" "Distributions are essential to the future of Linux. Essentially, they " "eliminate the need for the user to locate, download, compile, install and " "integrate a fairly large number of essential tools to assemble a working " "Linux system. Instead, the burden of system construction is placed on the " "distribution creator, whose work can be shared with thousands of other " "users. Almost all users of Linux will get their first taste of it through a " "distribution, and most users will continue to use a distribution for the " "sake of convenience even after they are familiar with the operating system. " "Thus, distributions play a very important role indeed." msgstr "" "Les distributions sont essentielles pour le futur de Linux. En premier lieu, " "elles éliminent le besoin pour l'utilisateur de repérer, télécharger, " "compiler, installer et d'intégrer un grand nombre d'outils essentiels " "permettant de construire un système Linux fonctionnel. Au lieu de cela, la " "charge de l'assemblage du système est supportée par le créateur de la " "distribution, dont le travail peut être partagé par des milliers d'autres " "utilisateurs. La plupart des utilisateurs goûteront en premier lieu à Linux " "au travers d'une distribution et la plupart des utilisateurs continueront à " "utiliser une distribution pour profiter de ses avantages même lorsqu'ils " "seront familiers avec le système d'exploitation. Par conséquent, les " "distributions jouent un rôle très important." #. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2614 msgid "" "Despite their obvious importance, distributions have attracted little " "attention from developers. There is a simple reason for this: they are " "neither easy nor glamorous to construct and require a great deal of ongoing " "effort from the creator to keep the distribution bug-free and up-to-date. " "It is one thing to put together a system from scratch; it is quite another " "to ensure that the system is easy for others to install, is installable and " "usable under a wide variety of hardware configurations, contains software " "that others will find useful, and is updated when the components themselves " "are improved." msgstr "" "En dépit de leur importance évidente, les distributions ont peu attiré " "l'attention des développeurs. Il y a une simple raison à cela : elles ne " "sont ni faciles ni enthousiasmantes à construire et requièrent beaucoup " "d'effort continu de la part du créateur pour garder la distribution sans " "erreur et à jour. C'est une chose d'assembler un système à partir de rien ; " "cela en est une autre de s'assurer que le système est facile à installer " "pour d'autres, qu'il est installable et utilisable avec une large variété de " "configurations matérielles, qu'il contient des logiciels que d'autres " "trouveront utiles et qu'il est mis à jour lorsque les composants eux-mêmes " "sont améliorés." #. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2624 msgid "" "Many distributions have started out as fairly good systems, but as time " "passes attention to maintaining the distribution becomes a secondary " "concern. A case-in-point is the Softlanding Linux System (better known as " "SLS). It is quite possibly the most bug-ridden and badly maintained Linux " "distribution available; unfortunately, it is also quite possibly the most " "popular. It is, without question, the distribution that attracts the most " "attention from the many commercial \"distributors\" of Linux that have " "surfaced to capitalize on the growing popularity of the operating system." msgstr "" "Beaucoup de distributions ont commencé comme des systèmes réellement bons, " "mais le temps passant, l'attention pour entretenir la distribution est " "devenue une préoccupation secondaire. La « Softlanding Linux System » (mieux " "connue comme SLS) est un cas exemplaire. C'est certainement la distribution " "Linux disponible contenant le plus de bogues et la plus mal entretenue ; " "malheureusement, c'est certainement aussi la plus populaire. C'est, sans " "discussion, la distribution qui attire le plus l'attention des nombreux " "« distributeurs » commerciaux de Linux qui sont apparus pour capitaliser la " "popularité croissante du système d'exploitation." #. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2634 msgid "" "This is a bad combination indeed, as most people who obtain Linux from these " "\"distributors\" receive a bug-ridden and badly maintained Linux " "distribution. As if this wasn't bad enough, these \"distributors\" have a " "disturbing tendency to misleadingly advertise non-functional or extremely " "unstable \"features\" of their product. Combine this with the fact that the " "buyers will, of course, expect the product to live up to its advertisement " "and the fact that many may believe it to be a commercial operating system " "(there is also a tendency not to mention that Linux is free nor that it is " "distributed under the GNU General Public License). To top it all off, these " "\"distributors\" are actually making enough money from their effort to " "justify buying larger advertisements in more magazines; it is the classic " "example of unacceptable behavior being rewarded by those who simply do not " "know any better. Clearly something needs to be done to remedy the situation." msgstr "" "C'est une mauvaise combinaison en fait, puisque la plupart des gens qui " "obtiennent Linux de ces « distributeurs » reçoivent une distribution Linux " "pleine de bogues et mal entretenue. Comme si cela ne suffisait pas, ces " "« distributeurs » ont une fâcheuse tendance à vanter de manière trompeuse " "des caractéristiques non fonctionnelles ou extrêmement instables de leurs " "produits. Ajoutez cela au fait que l'acheteur attendra, bien sûr, que le " "produit corresponde à sa publicité et au fait que beaucoup pourront voir " "Linux comme un système commercial (ils ont aussi une tendance à ne pas " "mentionner que Linux est libre, ni qu'il est distribué sous la licence GNU). " "Enfin, ces distributeurs font aujourd'hui suffisamment d'argent avec leurs " "efforts pour justifier l'achat de pages de publicité plus importantes dans " "plus de journaux ; c'est un exemple classique d'un comportement inacceptable " "récompensé par ceux qui ne connaissent rien de mieux. Clairement, quelque " "chose doit être fait pour remédier à cette situation." #. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><title> #: project-history.en.dbk:2650 msgid "How will Debian attempt to put an end to these problems?" msgstr "Comment Debian tente-t-elle de mettre fin à ces problèmes ?" #. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2652 msgid "" "The Debian design process is open to ensure that the system is of the " "highest quality and that it reflects the needs of the user community. By " "involving others with a wide range of abilities and backgrounds, Debian is " "able to be developed in a modular fashion. Its components are of high " "quality because those with expertise in a certain area are given the " "opportunity to construct or maintain the individual components of Debian " "involving that area. Involving others also ensures that valuable " "suggestions for improvement can be incorporated into the distribution during " "its development; thus, a distribution is created based on the needs and " "wants of the users rather than the needs and wants of the constructor. It " "is very difficult for one individual or small group to anticipate these " "needs and wants in advance without direct input from others." msgstr "" "Le processus d'élaboration de Debian est ouvert pour garantir que le système " "soit de la plus haute qualité et qu'il reflète les besoins de l'ensemble des " "utilisateurs. En impliquant des gens d'une grande variété de savoirs et " "d'horizons, Debian peut être développée de manière modulaire. Ces composants " "sont de haute qualité, car les personnes dotées d'une expertise dans un " "certain domaine auront l'opportunité de construire et d'entretenir les " "composants individuels de ce domaine. Impliquer ces gens garantit aussi que " "des suggestions valables pour l'amélioration pourront être incorporées dans " "la distribution pendant son développement ; de cette façon, la création " "d'une distribution est basée sur les besoins et les désirs des utilisateurs " "plutôt que sur les besoins et les désirs d'un constructeur. Il est très " "difficile pour une personne seule ou un petit groupe d'anticiper ces besoins " "et ces désirs à l'avance sans une participation directe d'autres personnes." #. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2666 msgid "" "Debian Linux will also be distributed on physical media by the Free Software " "Foundation and the Debian Linux Association. This provides Debian to users " "without access to the Internet or FTP and additionally makes products and " "services such as printed manuals and technical support available to all " "users of the system. In this way, Debian may be used by many more " "individuals and organizations than is otherwise possible, the focus will be " "on providing a first-class product and not on profits or returns, and the " "margin from the products and services provided may be used to improve the " "software itself for all users whether they paid to obtain it or not." msgstr "" "Debian Linux sera aussi distribuée sur support physique par la « Free " "Software Foundation » et « l'association Debian Linux ». Ainsi, Debian sera " "accessible aux utilisateurs sans accès à Internet ou FTP et offrira des " "produits et des services tels que manuels imprimés et assistance technique à " "tous les utilisateurs du système. De cette manière, Debian pourra être " "utilisée par beaucoup plus de personnes et d'organisations qu'il ne serait " "possible autrement, le but étant d'offrir un produit de qualité et non des " "profits, et les bénéfices des produits et des services offerts pourront être " "utilisés pour améliorer le logiciel lui-même pour tous les utilisateurs " "qu'ils aient payé ou non pour l'obtenir." #. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2677 msgid "" "The Free Software Foundation plays an extremely important role in the future " "of Debian. By the simple fact that they will be distributing it, a message " "is sent to the world that Linux is not a commercial product and that it " "never should be, but that this does not mean that Linux will never be able " "to compete commercially. For those of you who disagree, I challenge you to " "rationalize the success of GNU Emacs and GCC, which are not commercial " "software but which have had quite an impact on the commercial market " "regardless of that fact." msgstr "" "La « Free Software Foundation » joue un rôle extrêmement important pour le " "futur de Debian. Par le simple fait qu'elle le distribuera, un message est " "envoyé au monde : Linux n'est pas un produit commercial et il ne le sera " "jamais, mais cela ne veut pas dire que Linux ne sera jamais capable de " "rivaliser commercialement. Pour ceux d'entre vous qui ne sont pas d'accord, " "je vous demande d'observer le succès du GNU Emacs et de GCC, qui ne sont pas " "des produits commerciaux mais qui ont eu malgré cela un impact certain sur " "le marché commercial." #. type: Content of: <book><appendix><section><para> #: project-history.en.dbk:2686 msgid "" "The time has come to concentrate on the future of Linux rather than on the " "destructive goal of enriching oneself at the expense of the entire Linux " "community and its future. The development and distribution of Debian may " "not be the answer to the problems that I have outlined in the Manifesto, but " "I hope that it will at least attract enough attention to these problems to " "allow them to be solved." msgstr "" "Le temps est venu de se concentrer sur le futur de Linux plutôt que sur le " "but destructeur d'enrichir quelqu'un au détriment de la communauté Linux " "tout entière et de son avenir. Le développement et la distribution de Debian " "ne sont peut-être pas la réponse aux problèmes que j'ai soulignés dans ce " "manifeste, mais j'espère qu'elle attirera au moins suffisamment l'attention " "sur ces problèmes pour permettre de les résoudre." #, fuzzy #~| msgid "" #~| "Debian 9.0 (<emphasis>Stretch</emphasis>) was released June 17th, 2017." #~ msgid "Debian 12 <emphasis>Bookworm</emphasis> (June 10th, 2023): FIXME" #~ msgstr "" #~ "Debian 9.0 (<emphasis>Stretch</emphasis>) fut publiée le 17 juin 2017." #~ msgid "" #~ "This document is primarily maintained by Bdale Garbee " #~ "<email>bdale@debian.org</email>." #~ msgstr "" #~ "Ce document est actuellement maintenu principalement par Bdale Garbee " #~ "<email>bdale@debian.org</email>." #~ msgid "" #~ "With this release Debian for the first time included a mandatory access " #~ "control framework enabled per default (AppArmor). It was also the first " #~ "Debian release to ship with Rust based programs such as Firefox, ripgrep, " #~ "fd, exa, etc. and a significant number of Rust based libraries (more " #~ "than 450)." #~ msgstr "" #~ "Avec cette version, Debian a pour la première fois inclus un cadriciel de " #~ "contrôle d’accès obligatoire, activé par défaut (AppArmor). C’est aussi " #~ "la première version de Debian livrée avec des applications programmées en " #~ "Rust comme Firefox, ripgrep, fd, exa, etc. et un nombre conséquent de " #~ "bibliothèques basées sur Rust (plus de 450)." #~ msgid "" #~ "The <ulink url=\"http://debian-counting.libresoft.es/potato/\";>raw " #~ "statistics data</ulink> for Potato are also available at <ulink " #~ "url=\"http://debian-counting.libresoft.es/\";>Debian counting site</" #~ "ulink>, as well as papers analyzing later releases." #~ msgstr "" #~ "Les <ulink url=\"https://debian-counting.libresoft.es/potato/\";>données " #~ "statistiques brutes</ulink> pour Potato sont aussi disponibles sur le " #~ "<ulink url=\"https://debian-counting.libresoft.es/\";>site de comptage de " #~ "Debian</ulink>, ainsi que des études analysant les versions suivantes."
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