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Bug#899027: Calling sendfile(2) on sparse files on tmpfs allocates space for them



Package: src:linux
Version: 4.16.5-1
Severity: normal

Hello,

the code below, if run on a normal file system prints:

After creation: 0/1048576
After read: 0/1048576

but if run on a tmpfs it prints:

After creation: 0/1048576
After read: 1048576/1048576

This unexpected allocation happens only when using sendfile(2), not
while reading the file with read(2).

I observed this behaviour on a range of kernels, from Centos7's 3.10.0
to 4.16 currently running in my machine.

This is the code to reproduce it:

#include <sys/fcntl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/sendfile.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
    int fd = open("test", O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0644);
    if (fd == -1)
    {
        perror("cannot open for writing");
        return 1;
    }

    if (ftruncate(fd, 1024*1024) == -1)
    {
        perror("cannot ftruncate");
        return 1;
    }

    close(fd);

    struct stat st;
    if (stat("test", &st) == -1)
    {
        perror("cannot stat after creation");
        return 1;
    }
    fprintf(stdout, "After creation: %d/%d\n", st.st_blocks * 512, st.st_size);

    fd = open("test", O_RDONLY);
    if (fd == -1)
    {
        perror("cannot open for reading");
        return 1;
    }

    int out = open("/dev/null", O_WRONLY);
    if (out == -1)
    {
        perror("cannot open /dev/null");
        return 1;
    }

    off_t offset = 0;
    ssize_t res = sendfile(out, fd, &offset, st.st_size);
    if (res == -1)
    {
        perror("cannot sendfile");
        return 1;
    }
    if (res != st.st_size)
        fprintf(stderr, "warning: partial sendfile\n");

    if (stat("test", &st) == -1)
    {
        perror("cannot stat after read");
        return 1;
    }
    fprintf(stdout, "After read: %d/%d\n", st.st_blocks * 512, st.st_size);

    close(out);
    close(fd);
    unlink("test");
    return 0;
}


Thanks,

Enrico

-- Package-specific info:
** Version:
Linux version 4.16.0-1-amd64 (debian-kernel@lists.debian.org) (gcc version 7.3.0 (Debian 7.3.0-17)) #1 SMP Debian 4.16.5-1 (2018-04-29)

** Command line:
BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-4.16.0-1-amd64 root=/dev/mapper/ploma--vg-root ro quiet

** Tainted: O (4096)
 * Out-of-tree module has been loaded.

** Kernel log:
Unable to read kernel log; any relevant messages should be attached

** Model information
sys_vendor: HP
product_name: HP EliteBook x360 1020 G2
product_version: 
chassis_vendor: HP
chassis_version: 
bios_vendor: HP
bios_version: P90 Ver. 01.01
board_vendor: HP
board_name: 8300
board_version: KBC Version 56.3A

** Loaded modules:
fuse
ctr
ccm
sd_mod
sg
cdc_ether
usbnet
r8152
mii
uas
usb_storage
scsi_mod
pci_stub
vboxpci(O)
vboxnetadp(O)
vboxnetflt(O)
vboxdrv(O)
rfcomm
bnep
wacom
usbhid
hid_multitouch
arc4
hid_generic
binfmt_misc
nls_ascii
nls_cp437
vfat
fat
iwlmvm
mac80211
snd_hda_codec_hdmi
snd_hda_codec_generic
snd_soc_skl
wmi_bmof
hp_wmi
snd_soc_skl_ipc
snd_hda_ext_core
iwlwifi
snd_soc_sst_dsp
snd_soc_sst_ipc
snd_soc_acpi
snd_soc_core
snd_compress
cfg80211
intel_rapl
x86_pkg_temp_thermal
intel_powerclamp
coretemp
btusb
kvm_intel
btrtl
btbcm
btintel
kvm
bluetooth
irqbypass
intel_cstate
intel_uncore
intel_rapl_perf
drbg
ansi_cprng
uvcvideo
ecdh_generic
efi_pstore
videobuf2_vmalloc
videobuf2_memops
videobuf2_v4l2
rfkill
videobuf2_common
joydev
evdev
snd_hda_intel
videodev
media
serio_raw
snd_hda_codec
efivars
pcspkr
snd_hda_core
snd_hwdep
snd_pcm
i915
snd_timer
snd
iTCO_wdt
tpm_crb
iTCO_vendor_support
soundcore
drm_kms_helper
shpchp
idma64
drm
intel_lpss_pci
processor_thermal_device
intel_lpss
i2c_algo_bit
intel_pch_thermal
intel_soc_dts_iosf
tpm_tis
battery
wmi
soc_button_array
int3403_thermal
intel_vbtn
int340x_thermal_zone
tpm_tis_core
intel_hid
tpm
hp_wireless
rng_core
int3400_thermal
sparse_keymap
acpi_thermal_rel
video
acpi_pad
ac
button
parport_pc
ppdev
lp
parport
efivarfs
ip_tables
x_tables
autofs4
ext4
crc16
mbcache
jbd2
fscrypto
ecb
btrfs
zstd_decompress
zstd_compress
xxhash
algif_skcipher
af_alg
dm_crypt
dm_mod
raid10
raid456
async_raid6_recov
async_memcpy
async_pq
async_xor
async_tx
xor
raid6_pq
libcrc32c
crc32c_generic
raid1
raid0
multipath
linear
md_mod
crct10dif_pclmul
crc32_pclmul
crc32c_intel
ghash_clmulni_intel
pcbc
aesni_intel
aes_x86_64
crypto_simd
glue_helper
cryptd
nvme
xhci_pci
psmouse
xhci_hcd
nvme_core
i2c_i801
intel_ish_ipc
usbcore
usb_common
intel_ishtp
i2c_hid
thermal
hid

** PCI devices:
00:00.0 Host bridge [0600]: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v6/7th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers [8086:5904] (rev 02)
	Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Xeon E3-1200 v6/7th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers [103c:8300]
	Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx-
	Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
	Latency: 0
	Capabilities: <access denied>

00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation HD Graphics 620 [8086:5916] (rev 02) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
	Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company HD Graphics 620 [103c:8300]
	Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
	Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
	Latency: 0
	Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 132
	Region 0: Memory at 1ffa000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
	Region 2: Memory at a0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
	Region 4: I/O ports at 3000 [size=64]
	[virtual] Expansion ROM at 000c0000 [disabled] [size=128K]
	Capabilities: <access denied>
	Kernel driver in use: i915
	Kernel modules: i915

00:04.0 Signal processing controller [1180]: Intel Corporation Skylake Processor Thermal Subsystem [8086:1903] (rev 02)
	Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor Thermal Subsystem [103c:8300]
	Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster- SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx-
	Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
	Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 16
	Region 0: Memory at 1ffb010000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=32K]
	Capabilities: <access denied>
	Kernel driver in use: proc_thermal
	Kernel modules: processor_thermal_device

00:13.0 Non-VGA unclassified device [0000]: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP Integrated Sensor Hub [8086:9d35] (rev 21)
	Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Sunrise Point-LP Integrated Sensor Hub [103c:8300]
	Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster- SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx-
	Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
	Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 20
	Region 0: Memory at 1ffb022000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
	Capabilities: <access denied>
	Kernel modules: intel_ish_ipc

00:14.0 USB controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP USB 3.0 xHCI Controller [8086:9d2f] (rev 21) (prog-if 30 [XHCI])
	Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Sunrise Point-LP USB 3.0 xHCI Controller [103c:8300]
	Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
	Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
	Latency: 0
	Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 125
	Region 0: Memory at de300000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K]
	Capabilities: <access denied>
	Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd
	Kernel modules: xhci_pci

00:14.2 Signal processing controller [1180]: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP Thermal subsystem [8086:9d31] (rev 21)
	Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Sunrise Point-LP Thermal subsystem [103c:8300]
	Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster- SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx-
	Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
	Interrupt: pin C routed to IRQ 18
	Region 0: Memory at 1ffb021000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
	Capabilities: <access denied>
	Kernel driver in use: intel_pch_thermal
	Kernel modules: intel_pch_thermal

00:15.0 Signal processing controller [1180]: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP Serial IO I2C Controller #0 [8086:9d60] (rev 21)
	Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Sunrise Point-LP Serial IO I2C Controller [103c:8300]
	Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx-
	Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
	Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes
	Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 16
	Region 0: Memory at 1ffb020000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
	Capabilities: <access denied>
	Kernel driver in use: intel-lpss
	Kernel modules: intel_lpss_pci

00:15.1 Signal processing controller [1180]: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP Serial IO I2C Controller #1 [8086:9d61] (rev 21)
	Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Sunrise Point-LP Serial IO I2C Controller [103c:8300]
	Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx-
	Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
	Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes
	Interrupt: pin B routed to IRQ 17
	Region 0: Memory at 1ffb01f000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
	Capabilities: <access denied>
	Kernel driver in use: intel-lpss
	Kernel modules: intel_lpss_pci

00:15.2 Signal processing controller [1180]: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP Serial IO I2C Controller #2 [8086:9d62] (rev 21)
	Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Sunrise Point-LP Serial IO I2C Controller [103c:8300]
	Control: I/O- Mem- BusMaster- SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx-
	Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
	Interrupt: pin C routed to IRQ 18
	Region 0: Memory at 1ffb01e000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [disabled] [size=4K]
	Capabilities: <access denied>
	Kernel driver in use: intel-lpss
	Kernel modules: intel_lpss_pci

00:1c.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP PCI Express Root Port [8086:9d10] (rev f1) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
	Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
	Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
	Latency: 0
	Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 122
	Bus: primary=00, secondary=01, subordinate=6b, sec-latency=0
	I/O behind bridge: 00004000-00004fff
	Memory behind bridge: b0000000-de0fffff
	Prefetchable memory behind bridge: 0000001fb0000000-0000001ff9ffffff
	Secondary status: 66MHz- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort+ <SERR- <PERR-
	BridgeCtl: Parity- SERR- NoISA- VGA- MAbort- >Reset- FastB2B-
		PriDiscTmr- SecDiscTmr- DiscTmrStat- DiscTmrSERREn-
	Capabilities: <access denied>
	Kernel driver in use: pcieport
	Kernel modules: shpchp

00:1c.4 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP PCI Express Root Port #5 [8086:9d14] (rev f1) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
	Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
	Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
	Latency: 0
	Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 123
	Bus: primary=00, secondary=6c, subordinate=6c, sec-latency=0
	Memory behind bridge: de200000-de2fffff
	Secondary status: 66MHz- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort+ <SERR- <PERR-
	BridgeCtl: Parity- SERR- NoISA- VGA- MAbort- >Reset- FastB2B-
		PriDiscTmr- SecDiscTmr- DiscTmrStat- DiscTmrSERREn-
	Capabilities: <access denied>
	Kernel driver in use: pcieport
	Kernel modules: shpchp

00:1d.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP PCI Express Root Port #9 [8086:9d18] (rev f1) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
	Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
	Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
	Latency: 0
	Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 124
	Bus: primary=00, secondary=6d, subordinate=6d, sec-latency=0
	Memory behind bridge: de100000-de1fffff
	Secondary status: 66MHz- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort+ <SERR- <PERR-
	BridgeCtl: Parity- SERR- NoISA- VGA- MAbort- >Reset- FastB2B-
		PriDiscTmr- SecDiscTmr- DiscTmrStat- DiscTmrSERREn-
	Capabilities: <access denied>
	Kernel driver in use: pcieport
	Kernel modules: shpchp

00:1f.0 ISA bridge [0601]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:9d4e] (rev 21)
	Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device [103c:8300]
	Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
	Status: Cap- 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
	Latency: 0

00:1f.2 Memory controller [0580]: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP PMC [8086:9d21] (rev 21)
	Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Sunrise Point-LP PMC [103c:8300]
	Control: I/O- Mem- BusMaster- SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx-
	Status: Cap- 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
	Region 0: Memory at de310000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [disabled] [size=16K]

00:1f.3 Audio device [0403]: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP HD Audio [8086:9d71] (rev 21) (prog-if 80)
	Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Sunrise Point-LP HD Audio [103c:8300]
	Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
	Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
	Latency: 64
	Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 128
	Region 0: Memory at 1ffb018000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
	Region 4: Memory at 1ffb000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K]
	Capabilities: <access denied>
	Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
	Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel, snd_soc_skl

00:1f.4 SMBus [0c05]: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP SMBus [8086:9d23] (rev 21)
	Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Sunrise Point-LP SMBus [103c:8300]
	Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster- SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx-
	Status: Cap- 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
	Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 16
	Region 0: Memory at 1ffb01c000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256]
	Region 4: I/O ports at efa0 [size=32]
	Kernel driver in use: i801_smbus
	Kernel modules: i2c_i801

01:00.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation JHL6540 Thunderbolt 3 Bridge (C step) [Alpine Ridge 4C 2016] [8086:15d3] (rev 02) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
	Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
	Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
	Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 128 bytes
	Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 135
	Bus: primary=01, secondary=02, subordinate=6b, sec-latency=0
	Memory behind bridge: b0000000-de0fffff
	Prefetchable memory behind bridge: 0000001fb0000000-0000001ff9ffffff
	Secondary status: 66MHz- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- <SERR- <PERR-
	BridgeCtl: Parity- SERR- NoISA- VGA- MAbort- >Reset- FastB2B-
		PriDiscTmr- SecDiscTmr- DiscTmrStat- DiscTmrSERREn-
	Capabilities: <access denied>
	Kernel driver in use: pcieport
	Kernel modules: shpchp

02:00.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation JHL6540 Thunderbolt 3 Bridge (C step) [Alpine Ridge 4C 2016] [8086:15d3] (rev 02) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
	Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
	Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
	Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 128 bytes
	Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 136
	Bus: primary=02, secondary=03, subordinate=03, sec-latency=0
	Memory behind bridge: de000000-de0fffff
	Secondary status: 66MHz- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- <SERR- <PERR-
	BridgeCtl: Parity- SERR- NoISA- VGA- MAbort- >Reset- FastB2B-
		PriDiscTmr- SecDiscTmr- DiscTmrStat- DiscTmrSERREn-
	Capabilities: <access denied>
	Kernel driver in use: pcieport
	Kernel modules: shpchp

02:01.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation JHL6540 Thunderbolt 3 Bridge (C step) [Alpine Ridge 4C 2016] [8086:15d3] (rev 02) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
	Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
	Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
	Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 128 bytes
	Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 137
	Bus: primary=02, secondary=04, subordinate=36, sec-latency=0
	Memory behind bridge: b0000000-c7efffff
	Prefetchable memory behind bridge: 0000001fb0000000-0000001fcfffffff
	Secondary status: 66MHz- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- <SERR- <PERR-
	BridgeCtl: Parity- SERR- NoISA- VGA- MAbort- >Reset- FastB2B-
		PriDiscTmr- SecDiscTmr- DiscTmrStat- DiscTmrSERREn-
	Capabilities: <access denied>
	Kernel driver in use: pcieport
	Kernel modules: shpchp

02:02.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation JHL6540 Thunderbolt 3 Bridge (C step) [Alpine Ridge 4C 2016] [8086:15d3] (rev 02) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
	Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
	Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
	Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 128 bytes
	Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 138
	Bus: primary=02, secondary=37, subordinate=37, sec-latency=0
	Memory behind bridge: c7f00000-c7ffffff
	Secondary status: 66MHz- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- <SERR- <PERR-
	BridgeCtl: Parity- SERR- NoISA- VGA- MAbort- >Reset- FastB2B-
		PriDiscTmr- SecDiscTmr- DiscTmrStat- DiscTmrSERREn-
	Capabilities: <access denied>
	Kernel driver in use: pcieport
	Kernel modules: shpchp

02:04.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation JHL6540 Thunderbolt 3 Bridge (C step) [Alpine Ridge 4C 2016] [8086:15d3] (rev 02) (prog-if 00 [Normal decode])
	Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
	Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
	Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 128 bytes
	Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 139
	Bus: primary=02, secondary=38, subordinate=6b, sec-latency=0
	Memory behind bridge: c8000000-ddffffff
	Prefetchable memory behind bridge: 0000001fd0000000-0000001ff9ffffff
	Secondary status: 66MHz- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- <SERR- <PERR-
	BridgeCtl: Parity- SERR- NoISA- VGA- MAbort- >Reset- FastB2B-
		PriDiscTmr- SecDiscTmr- DiscTmrStat- DiscTmrSERREn-
	Capabilities: <access denied>
	Kernel driver in use: pcieport
	Kernel modules: shpchp

37:00.0 USB controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation JHL6540 Thunderbolt 3 USB Controller (C step) [Alpine Ridge 4C 2016] [8086:15d4] (rev 02) (prog-if 30 [XHCI])
	Subsystem: Device [2222:1111]
	Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
	Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
	Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 128 bytes
	Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 127
	Region 0: Memory at c7f00000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K]
	Capabilities: <access denied>
	Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd
	Kernel modules: xhci_pci

6c:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Intel Corporation Wireless 8265 / 8275 [8086:24fd] (rev 78)
	Subsystem: Intel Corporation Wireless 8265 / 8275 [8086:8010]
	Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
	Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
	Latency: 0
	Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 134
	Region 0: Memory at de200000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8K]
	Capabilities: <access denied>
	Kernel driver in use: iwlwifi
	Kernel modules: iwlwifi

6d:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller [0108]: Toshiba America Info Systems XG4 NVMe SSD Controller [1179:0115] (rev 01) (prog-if 02 [NVM Express])
	Subsystem: Toshiba America Info Systems XG4 NVMe SSD Controller [1179:0001]
	Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
	Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
	Latency: 0
	Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 16
	NUMA node: 0
	Region 0: Memory at de100000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
	Capabilities: <access denied>
	Kernel driver in use: nvme
	Kernel modules: nvme


** USB devices:
Bus 004 Device 004: ID 05e3:0749 Genesys Logic, Inc. 
Bus 004 Device 006: ID 0bda:8153 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. 
Bus 004 Device 003: ID 0bda:0411 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. 
Bus 004 Device 002: ID 2109:0817 VIA Labs, Inc. 
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 8087:0a2b Intel Corp. 
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 05c8:0808 Cheng Uei Precision Industry Co., Ltd (Foxlink) 
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 138a:0092 Validity Sensors, Inc. 
Bus 001 Device 079: ID 04a9:190f Canon, Inc. 
Bus 001 Device 081: ID 04d9:2013 Holtek Semiconductor, Inc. Keyboard [Das Keyboard]
Bus 001 Device 082: ID 046d:c069 Logitech, Inc. M-U0007 [Corded Mouse M500]
Bus 001 Device 080: ID 05e3:0608 Genesys Logic, Inc. Hub
Bus 001 Device 078: ID 05e3:0610 Genesys Logic, Inc. 4-port hub
Bus 001 Device 077: ID 0bda:5411 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. 
Bus 001 Device 076: ID 2109:0102 VIA Labs, Inc. 
Bus 001 Device 075: ID 2109:2817 VIA Labs, Inc. 
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub


-- System Information:
Debian Release: buster/sid
  APT prefers testing
  APT policy: (500, 'testing')
Architecture: amd64 (x86_64)

Kernel: Linux 4.16.0-1-amd64 (SMP w/4 CPU cores)
Locale: LANG=en_IE.UTF-8, LC_CTYPE=en_IE.UTF-8 (charmap=UTF-8), LANGUAGE=en_IE.UTF-8 (charmap=UTF-8)
Shell: /bin/sh linked to /bin/dash
Init: systemd (via /run/systemd/system)
LSM: AppArmor: enabled

Versions of packages linux-image-4.16.0-1-amd64 depends on:
ii  initramfs-tools [linux-initramfs-tool]  0.130
ii  kmod                                    25-1
ii  linux-base                              4.5

Versions of packages linux-image-4.16.0-1-amd64 recommends:
ii  apparmor             2.12-4
ii  firmware-linux-free  3.4
ii  irqbalance           1.3.0-0.1+b1

Versions of packages linux-image-4.16.0-1-amd64 suggests:
pn  debian-kernel-handbook  <none>
ii  extlinux                3:6.03+dfsg1-2
ii  grub-efi-amd64          2.02+dfsg1-4
pn  linux-doc-4.16          <none>

Versions of packages linux-image-4.16.0-1-amd64 is related to:
pn  firmware-amd-graphics     <none>
pn  firmware-atheros          <none>
pn  firmware-bnx2             <none>
pn  firmware-bnx2x            <none>
pn  firmware-brcm80211        <none>
pn  firmware-cavium           <none>
pn  firmware-intel-sound      <none>
pn  firmware-intelwimax       <none>
pn  firmware-ipw2x00          <none>
pn  firmware-ivtv             <none>
ii  firmware-iwlwifi          20170823-1
pn  firmware-libertas         <none>
pn  firmware-linux-nonfree    <none>
pn  firmware-misc-nonfree     <none>
pn  firmware-myricom          <none>
pn  firmware-netxen           <none>
pn  firmware-qlogic           <none>
pn  firmware-realtek          <none>
pn  firmware-samsung          <none>
pn  firmware-siano            <none>
pn  firmware-ti-connectivity  <none>
pn  xen-hypervisor            <none>

-- no debconf information


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