The reason for this bug is a dependency problem:
The current sid kernel is linux-image-4.11.0-2-amd64
->
corresponding headers are linux-headers-4.11.0-2-amd64:
->
they depend on linux-headers-4.11.0-2-common (= 4.11.11-1+b1)
->
there is no such version (only 4.11.11-1 NO +b1), maybe never made it from experimental?
Only work around is to boot to an older kernel and install the corresponding linux-headers-VERSION package.
Do not try to fix by installing/upgrading meta-package linux-headers-amd64 since in sid this depends on linux-headers-4.11.0-2-amd64 thus initiating the broken dependency links described above.
Don't try to fix 4.11 kernel (it's EOL anyway), we should probably just wait for 4.12 coming from experimental soon.
Hope this helps you folks!
Bests,
Andrea