[ And the actual attachment… ] Le 29/07/2012 15:22, David Prévot a écrit : > Dear Debian I18N people, > > I would like to know if some of you would be interested in translating > debian-history. > > debian-history already includes de.po fr.po lt.po. […] > es, it, ja, ko, pt and ru translations also exist but are not > yet handled with po4a, we would really like to change that. […] > The deadline for receiving the updated translation is > Wed, 08 Aug 2012 15:19:48 -0400. > > If you have read so far, please find the POT file in attachment.
# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package. # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2012-07-29 15:23-0400\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: <title></title> #: project-history.sgml:4 msgid "A Brief History of Debian" msgstr "" #. type: <author></author> #: project-history.sgml:34 msgid "" "<name>Debian Documentation Team " "</name><email>debian-doc@lists.debian.org</email>" msgstr "" #. type: <version></version> #: project-history.sgml:34 msgid "2.16 (last revised 31st December 2011)" msgstr "" #. type: <abstract></abstract> #: project-history.sgml:38 msgid "This document describes the history and goals of the Debian project." msgstr "" #. type: <copyrightsummary></copyrightsummary> #: project-history.sgml:44 msgid "" "This document may be freely redistributed or modified in any form provided " "your changes are clearly documented." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:50 msgid "" "This document may be redistributed for fee or free, and may be modified " "(including translation from one type of media or file format to another or " "from one spoken language to another) provided that all changes from the " "original are clearly marked as such." msgstr "" #. type: <p><list> #: project-history.sgml:52 msgid "Significant contributions were made to this document by" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:54 msgid "Javier Fernández-Sanguino <email>jfs@debian.org</email>" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:55 msgid "Bdale Garbee <email>bdale@debian.org</email>" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:56 msgid "Hartmut Koptein <email>koptein@debian.org</email>" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:57 msgid "Nils Lohner <email>lohner@debian.org</email>" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:58 msgid "Will Lowe <email>lowe@debian.org</email>" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:59 msgid "Bill Mitchell <email>Bill.Mitchell@pobox.com</email>" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:60 msgid "Ian Murdock <email>imurdock@debian.org</email>" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:61 msgid "Martin Schulze <email>joey@debian.org</email>" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:62 msgid "Craig Small <email>csmall@debian.org</email>" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:68 msgid "" "This document is primarily maintained by Bdale Garbee " "<email>bdale@debian.org</email>." msgstr "" #. type: <heading></heading> #: project-history.sgml:74 msgid "Introduction -- What is the Debian Project?" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:85 msgid "" "<url id=\"http://www.debian.org/\"; name=\"The Debian Project\"> is a " "worldwide group of volunteers who endeavor to produce an operating system " "distribution that is composed entirely of free software. The principle " "product of the project to date is the Debian GNU/Linux software " "distribution, which includes the Linux operating system kernel, and " "thousands of prepackaged applications. Various processor types are supported " "to one extent or another, including Intel i386 and above, Alpha, ARM, Intel " "IA-64, Motorola 68k, MIPS, PA-RISC, PowerPC, Sparc (and UltraSparc), IBM " "S/390 and Hitachi SuperH." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:94 msgid "" "Debian motivated the formation of <url id=\"http://www.spi-inc.org/\"; " "name=\"Software in the Public Interest, Inc.,\"> a New York-based non-profit " "organization. SPI was founded to help Debian and other similar organizations " "develop and distribute open hardware and software. Among other things, SPI " "provides a mechanism by which The Debian Project may accept contributions " "that are tax deductable in the United States." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:101 msgid "" "For more information about free software, see the <url " "id=\"http://www.debian.org/social_contract\"; name=\"Debian Social " "Contract\"> and associated Debian Free Software Guidelines, or the <url " "id=\"http://www.debian.org/intro/free\"; name=\"Debian What Does Free " "Mean?\"> page." msgstr "" #. type: <heading></heading> #: project-history.sgml:105 msgid "In the Beginning" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:115 msgid "" "The Debian Project was officially founded by Ian Murdock on <url " "id=\"http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=CBusDD.MIK%40unix.portal.com&output=gplain\"; " "name=\"August 16th, 1993\">. At that time, the whole concept of a " "\"distribution\" of Linux was new. Ian intended Debian to be a distribution " "which would be made openly, in the spirit of Linux and GNU (read his " "manifesto provided as an appendix to this document for more details). The " "creation of Debian was sponsored by the FSF's GNU project for one year " "(November 1994 to November 1995)." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:122 msgid "" "Debian was meant to be carefully and conscientiously put together, and to be " "maintained and supported with similar care. It started as a small, " "tightly-knit group of Free Software hackers, and gradually grew to become a " "large, well-organized community of developers and users." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:132 msgid "" "When it began, Debian was the only distribution that was open for every " "developer and user to contribute their work. It remains the most significant " "distributor of Linux that is not a commercial entity. It is the only large " "project with a constitution, social contract, and policy documents to " "organize the project. Debian is also the only distribution which is \"micro " "packaged\" using detailed dependency information regarding inter-package " "relationships to ensure system consistency across upgrades." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:138 msgid "" "To achieve and maintain high standards of quality, Debian has adopted an " "extensive set of policies and procedures for packaging and delivering " "software. These standards are backed up by tools, automation, and " "documentation implementing all of Debian's key elements in an open and " "visible way." msgstr "" #. type: <heading></heading> #: project-history.sgml:142 msgid "Pronouncing Debian" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:148 msgid "" "The official pronounciation of Debian is 'deb ee n'. The name comes from the " "names of the creator of Debian, Ian Murdock, and his wife, Debra." msgstr "" #. type: <heading></heading> #: project-history.sgml:153 msgid "Leadership" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:156 msgid "Debian has had several leaders since its beginnings in 1993." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:159 msgid "Ian Murdock founded Debian in August 1993 and led it until March 1996." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:162 msgid "Bruce Perens led Debian from April 1996 until December 1997." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:165 msgid "Ian Jackson led Debian from January 1998 until December 1998." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:168 msgid "Wichert Akkerman led Debian from January 1999 until March 2001." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:171 msgid "Ben Collins led Debian from April 2001 until April 2002." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:174 msgid "Bdale Garbee led Debian from April 2002 until April 2003." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:177 msgid "Martin Michlmayr led Debian from March 2003 until March 2005." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:180 msgid "Branden Robinson led Debian from April 2005 until April 2006." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:183 msgid "Anthony Towns led Debian from April 2006 until April 2007." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:186 msgid "Sam Hocevar led Debian from April 2007 until April 2008." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:189 msgid "Steve McIntyre led Debian from April 2008 until April 2010." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:192 msgid "Stefano Zacchiroli was elected in April 2010 and is our current leader." msgstr "" #. type: <heading></heading> #: project-history.sgml:196 msgid "Debian Releases" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:198 msgid "Debian 0.01 through 0.90 (August-December 1993)" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:203 msgid "" "Debian 0.91 (January 1994): This release had a simple package system which " "could install and uninstall packages. The project had grown to several dozen " "people at this point." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:209 msgid "" "Debian 0.93R5 (March 1995): Responsibility for each package was clearly " "assigned to a developer by this point, and the package manager " "(<prgn>dpkg</prgn>) was used to install packages after the installation of a " "base system." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:220 msgid "" "Debian 0.93R6 (November 1995): <prgn>dselect</prgn> appears. This was the " "last Debian release using the a.out binary format; there were about 60 " "developers. The first master.debian.org server was built by Bdale Garbee and " "hosted by HP in parallel with the 0.93R6 release. The deployment of an " "explicit master server on which Debian developers would construct each " "release led directly to the formation of the Debian mirror network, and " "indirectly to the development of many of the policies and procedures used to " "manage the project today." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:233 msgid "" "Debian 1.0 was never released: Accidently InfoMagic, a CD vendor, shipped " "the development release of Debian and entitled it 1.0. On December 11th " "1995, Debian and InfoMagic jointly announced that this release was " "screwed. Bruce Perens explains that the data placed on the \"InfoMagic Linux " "Developer's Resource 5-CD Set November 1995\" as \"Debian 1.0\" is not the " "Debian 1.0 release, but an early development version which is only partially " "in the ELF format, will probably not boot or run correctly, and does not " "represent the quality of a released Debian system. To prevent confusion " "between the premature CD version and the actual Debian release, the Debian " "Project has renamed its next release to \"Debian 1.1\". The premature Debian " "1.0 on CD is deprecated and should not be used." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:241 msgid "" "The hosting of master.debian.org moved from HP to i-Connect.Net around the " "end of 1995. Michael Neuffer and Shimon Shapiro, founders of i-Connect.Net, " "hosted master on their own hardware for a little more than a year. During " "this time, they provided many services to Debian, including running what was " "essentially the New Maintainer process of the day, and significantly aiding " "the growth of the early Debian mirror network." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:250 msgid "" "Debian 1.1 <em>Buzz</em> (June 17th, 1996): This was the first Debian " "release with a code name. It was taken, like all others so far, from a " "character in one of the <em>Toy Story</em> movies... in this case, Buzz " "Lightyear. By this time, Bruce Perens had taken over leadership of the " "Project from Ian Murdock, and Bruce was working at Pixar, the company that " "produced the movies. This release was fully ELF, used Linux kernel 2.0, and " "contained 474 packages." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:255 msgid "" "Debian 1.2 <em>Rex</em> (December 12th, 1996): Named for the plastic " "dinosaur in the <em>Toy Story</em> movies. This release consisted of 848 " "packages maintained by 120 developers" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:259 msgid "" "Debian 1.3 <em>Bo</em> (June 5th, 1997): Named for Bo Peep, the " "shepherdess. This release consisted of 974 packages maintained by 200 " "developers." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:266 msgid "" "Debian 2.0 <em>Hamm</em> (July 24th, 1998): Named for the piggy-bank in the " "<em>Toy Story</em> movies. This was the first multi-architecture release of " "Debian, adding support for the Motorola 68000 series architectures. With Ian " "Jackson as Project Leader, this release made the transition to libc6, and " "consisted of over 1500 packages maintained by over 400 developers." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:279 msgid "" "Debian 2.1 <em>Slink</em> (March 9th, 1999): Named for the slinky-dog in the " "movie. Two more architectures were added, <url " "id=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/alpha/\"; name=\"Alpha\"> and <url " "id=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/sparc/\"; name=\"SPARC\">. With Wichert " "Akkerman as Project Leader, this release consisted of about 2250 packages " "and required 2 CDs in the official set. The key technical innovation was the " "introduction of apt, a new package management interface. Widely emulated, " "apt addressed issues resulting from Debian's continuing growth, and " "established a new paradigm for package acquisition and installation on Open " "Source operating systems." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:292 msgid "" "Debian 2.2 <em>Potato</em> (15 August 2000): Named for \"Mr Potato Head\" in " "the <em>Toy Story</em> movies. This release added support for the <url " "id=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/powerpc/\"; name=\"PowerPC\"> and <url " "id=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/arm/\"; name=\"ARM\"> architectures. With " "Wichert still serving as Project Leader, this release consisted of more than " "3900 binary packages derived from over 2600 source packages maintained by " "more than 450 Debian developers." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:310 msgid "" "Debian 3.0 <em>Woody</em> (19 July 2002): Named for the main character the " "<em>Toy Story</em> movies: \"Woody\" the cowboy. Even more architectures " "were added in this release: <url id=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/ia64/\"; " "name=\"IA-64\">, <url id=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/hppa/\"; name=\"HP " "PA-RISC\">, <url id=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/mips/\"; name=\"MIPS (big " "endian)\">, <url id=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/mipsel/\"; name=\"MIPS " "(little endian)\"> and <url id=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/s390/\"; " "name=\"S/390\">. This is also the first release to include cryptographic " "software due to the restrictions for exportation being <em>lightened</em> in " "the US, and also the first one to include KDE, now that the license issues " "with QT were resolved. With Bdale Garbee recently appointed Project Leader, " "and more than 900 Debian developers, this release contained around 8,500 " "binary packages and 7 binary CDs in the official set." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:324 msgid "" "Debian 3.1 <em>Sarge</em> (6 June 2005): named for the sergeant of the Green " "Plastic Army Men. No new architectures were added to the release, although " "an unofficial AMD64 port was published at the same time and distributed " "through the new <url id=\"http://alioth.debian.org\"; name=\"Alioth project " "hosting site\">. This release features a new installer: " "<em>debian-installer</em>, a modular piece of software that feature " "automatic hardware detection, unattended installation features and was " "released fully translated to over thirty languages. It was also the first " "release to include a full office suite: OpenOffice.org. Branden Robinson had " "just been appointed as Project Leader. This release was made by more than " "nine hundred Debian developers, and contained around 15,400 binary packages " "and 14 binary CDs in the official set." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:343 msgid "" "Debian 4.0 <em>Etch</em> (8 April 2007): named for the sketch toy in the " "movie. One architecture was added in this release: <url " "id=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/amd64/\"; name=\"AMD64\">, and official " "support for <url id=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/m68k/\"; name=\"m68k\"> was " "dropped. This release continued using the <em>debian-installer</em>, but " "featuring in this release a graphical installer, cryptographic verification " "of downloaded packages, more flexible partitioning (with support for " "encrypted partitions), simplified mail configuration, a more flexible " "desktop selection, simplified but improved localization and new modes, " "including a <em>rescue</em> mode. New installations would not need to reboot " "through the installation process as the previous two phases of installation " "were now integrated. This new installer provided support for scripts using " "composed characters and complex languages in its graphical version, " "increasing the number of available translations to over fifty. Sam Hocevar " "was appointed Project Leader the very same day, and the project included " "more than one thousand and thirty Debian developers. The release contained " "around 18,000 binary packages over 20 binary CDs (3 DVDs) in the official " "set. There were also two binary CDs available to install the system with " "alternate desktop environments different to the default one." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:365 msgid "" "Debian 5.0 <em>Lenny</em> (February 2009): named for the wind up binoculars " "in the <em>Toy Story</em> movies. One architecture was added in this " "release: <url id=\"http://wiki.debian.org/ArmEabiPort\"; name=\"ARM EABI\"> " "(or <em>armel</em>), providing support for newer ARM processors and " "deprecating the old ARM port (<em>arm</em>). The <url " "id=\"http://wiki.debian.org/M68k\"; name=\"m68k\"> port was not included in " "this release, although it was still provided in the <em>unstable</em> " "distribution. This release did not feature the <url " "id=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/kfreebsd-gnu/\"; name=\"FreeBSD port\">, " "although much work on the port had been done to make it qualify it did not " "meet yet the <url id=\"http://release.debian.org/lenny/arch_qualify.html\"; " "name=\"qualification requirements\"> for this release. This release added " "support for Marvell's Orion platform which is used in many storage devices " "and also provided supported several Netbooks, in particular the Eee PC by " "Asus. <em>Lenny</em> also contained the build tools for Emdebian which " "allowed Debian source packages to be cross-built and shrunk to suit embedded " "ARM systems. It was also the first release to provide free versions of Sun's " "Java technology, making it possible to provide Java applications in the " "<em>main</em> section." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:368 msgid "" "Debian 6.0 <em>Squeeze</em> (February 2011): named for the green three-eyed " "aliens." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:371 msgid "" "The release was frozen in August 6, 2010, with many of the Debian developers " "gathered at the 10th Debconf at New York City." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:384 msgid "" "While two arquitectures (alpha and hppa) were dropped, two arquitectures of " "the new <url id=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/kfreebsd-gnu/\"; name=\"FreeBSD " "port\"> (kfreebsd-i386 and kfreebsd-amd64) were made available as " "<em>technology preview</em>, including the kernel and userland tools as well " "as common server software (though not advanced desktop features yet). This " "was the first time a Linux distribution has been extended to also allow use " "of a non-Linux kernel." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:393 msgid "" "The new release introduced a dependency based boot sequence, which allowed " "for parallel init script processing, speeding system startup." msgstr "" #. type: <heading></heading> #: project-history.sgml:397 msgid "A Detailed History" msgstr "" #. type: <heading></heading> #: project-history.sgml:399 msgid "The 0.x Releases" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:407 msgid "" "Debian was begun in August 1993 by Ian Murdock, then an undergraduate at " "Purdue University. Debian was sponsored by the GNU Project of <url " "id=\"http://www.fsf.org/\"; name=\"The Free Software Foundation\">, the " "organization started by Richard Stallman and associated with the General " "Public License (GPL), for one year -- from November 1994 to November 1995." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:411 msgid "" "Debian 0.01 through Debian 0.90 were released between August and December of " "1993. Ian Murdock writes:" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:419 msgid "" "\"Debian 0.91 was released in January 1994. It had a primitive package " "system that allowed users to manipulate packages but that did little else " "(it certainly didn't have dependencies or anything like that). By this time, " "there were a few dozen people working on Debian, though I was still mostly " "putting together the releases myself. 0.91 was the last release done in this " "way." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:427 msgid "" "Most of 1994 was spent organizing the Debian Project so that others could " "more effectively contribute, as well as working on <prgn>dpkg</prgn> (Ian " "Jackson was largely responsible for this). There were no releases to the " "public in 1994 that I can remember, though there were several internal " "releases as we worked to get the process right." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:434 msgid "" "Debian 0.93 Release 5 happened in March 1995 and was the first \"modern\" " "release of Debian: there were many more developers by then (though I can't " "remember exactly how many), each maintaining their own packages, and " "<prgn>dpkg</prgn> was being used to install and maintain all these packages " "after a base system was installed." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:440 msgid "" "\"Debian 0.93 Release 6 happened in November 1995 and was the last a.out " "release. There were about sixty developers maintaining packages in " "0.93R6. If I remember correctly, <prgn>dselect</prgn> first appeared in " "0.93R6.\"" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:450 msgid "" "Ian Murdock also notes that Debian 0.93R6 \"... has always been my favorite " "release of Debian\", although he admits to the possibility of some personal " "bias, as he stopped actively working on the project in March 1996 during the " "pre-production of Debian 1.0, which was actually released as Debian 1.1 to " "avoid confusion after a CDROM manufacturer mistakenly labelled an unreleased " "version as Debian 1.0. That incident led to the concept of \"official\" " "CDROM images, as a way for the project to help vendors avoid this kind of " "mistake." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:461 msgid "" "During August 1995 (between Debian 0.93 Release 5 and Debian 0.93 Release " "6), Hartmut Koptein started the first port for Debian, for the Motorola m68k " "family. He reports that \"Many, many packages were i386-centric (little " "endian, -m486, -O6 and all for libc4) and it was a hard time to get a " "starting base of packages on my machine (an Atari Medusa 68040, 32 " "MHz). After three months (in November 1995), I uploaded 200 packages from " "250 available packages, all for libc5!\" Later he started another port " "together with Vincent Renardias and Martin Schulze, for the PowerPC family." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:467 msgid "" "Since this time, the Debian Project has grown to include several <url " "id=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/\"; name=\"ports\"> to other architectures, " "a port to a new (non-Linux) kernel, the GNU Hurd microkernel, and at least " "one flavor of BSD kernel." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:471 msgid "An early member of the project, Bill Mitchell, remembers the Linux kernel" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:477 msgid "" "\"... being between 0.99r8 and 0.99r15 when we got started. For a long time, " "I could build the kernel in less than 30 minutes on a 20 Mhz 386-based " "machine, and could also do a Debian install in that same amount of time in " "under 10Mb of disk space." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:484 msgid "" "\" ... I recall the initial group as including Ian Murdock, myself, Ian " "Jackson, another Ian who's surname I don't recall, Dan Quinlan, and some " "other people who's names I don't recall. Matt Welsh was either part of the " "initial group or joined pretty early on (he has since left the " "project). Someone set up a mailing list, and we were off and running." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:493 msgid "" "As I recall, we didn't start off with a plan, and we didn't start off by " "putting together a plan in any highly organized fashion. Right from the " "start, I do recall, we started off collecting up sources for a pretty random " "collection of packages. Over time, we came to focus on a collection of items " "which would be required to put together the core of a distribution: the " "kernel, a shell, update, getty, various other programs and support files " "needed to init the system, and a set of core utilities.\"" msgstr "" #. type: <heading></heading> #: project-history.sgml:495 msgid "The Early Debian Packaging System" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:505 msgid "" "At the very early stages of the Project, members considered distributing " "source-only packages. Each package would consist of the upstream source code " "and a Debianized patch file, and users would untar the sources, apply the " "patches, and compile binaries themselves. They soon realized, however, that " "some sort of binary distribution scheme would be needed. The earliest " "packaging tool, written by Ian Murdock and called <prgn>dpkg</prgn>, created " "a package in a Debian-specific binary format, and could be used later to " "unpack and install the files in the package." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:515 msgid "" "Ian Jackson soon took over the development of the packaging tool, renaming " "the tool itself <prgn>dpkg-deb</prgn> and writing a front-end program he " "named <prgn>dpkg</prgn> to facilitate the use of <prgn>dpkg-deb</prgn> and " "provide the <em>Dependencies</em> and <em>Conflicts</em> of today's Debian " "system. The packages produced by these tools had a header listing the " "version of the tool used to create the package and an offset within the file " "to a <prgn>tar</prgn>-produced archive, which was separated from the header " "by some control information." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:527 msgid "" "At about this time some debate arose between members of the project -- some " "felt that the Debian-specific format created by <prgn>dpkg-deb</prgn> should " "be dropped in favor of the format produced by the <prgn>ar</prgn> " "program. After several revised file formats and correspondingly-revised " "packaging tools, the <prgn>ar</prgn> format was adopted. The key value of " "this change is that it makes it possible for a Debian package to be " "un-packaged on any Unix-like system without the need to run an untrusted " "executable. In other words, only standard tools present on every Unix system " "like 'ar' and 'tar' are required to unpack a Debian binary package and " "examine the contents." msgstr "" #. type: <heading></heading> #: project-history.sgml:531 msgid "The 1.x Releases" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:544 msgid "" "When Ian Murdock left Debian, he appointed Bruce Perens as the next leader " "of the project. Bruce first became interested in Debian while he was " "attempting to create a Linux distribution CD to be called \"Linux for " "Hams\", which would include all of the Linux software useful to ham radio " "operators. Finding that the Debian core system would require much further " "work to support his project, Bruce ended up working heavily on the base " "Linux system and related installation tools, postponing his ham radio " "distribution, including organizing (with Ian Murdock) the first set of " "Debian install scripts, eventually resulting in the Debian Rescue Floppy " "that was a core component of the Debian installation toolset for several " "releases." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:547 msgid "Ian Murdock states:" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:552 msgid "" "\"Bruce was the natural choice to succeed me, as he had been maintaining the " "base system for nearly a year, and he had been picking up the slack as the " "amount of time I could devote to Debian declined rapidly.\"" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:560 msgid "" "He initiated several important facets of the project, including coordinating " "the effort to produce the Debian Free Software Guidelines and the Debian " "Social Contract, and the initiation of The Open Hardware Project. During his " "time as Project Leader, Debian gained market share and a reputation as a " "platform for serious, technically-capable Linux users." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:568 msgid "" "Bruce Perens also spearheaded the effort to create <url " "id=\"http://www.spi-inc.org/\"; name=\"Software in the Public Interest, " "Inc.\">. Originally intended to provide the Debian Project with a legal " "entity capable of accepting donations, its aims quickly expanded to include " "supporting free software projects outside the Debian Project." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:571 msgid "The following Debian versions were released during this time:" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:574 msgid "" "1.1 <em>Buzz</em> released June 1996 (474 packages, 2.0 kernel, fully ELF, " "<prgn>dpkg</prgn>)" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:575 msgid "1.2 <em>Rex</em> released December 1996 (848 packages, 120 developers)" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:576 msgid "1.3 <em>Bo</em> released July 1997 (974 packages, 200 developers)" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:582 msgid "" "There were several interim \"point\" releases made to 1.3, with the last " "being 1.3.1R6." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:587 msgid "" "Bruce Perens was replaced by Ian Jackson as Debian Project Leader at the " "beginning of January, 1998, after leading the project much of the way " "through the preparation for the 2.0 release." msgstr "" #. type: <heading></heading> #: project-history.sgml:591 msgid "The 2.x Releases" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:600 msgid "" "Ian Jackson became the Leader of the Debian Project at the beginning of " "1998, and was shortly thereafter added to the board of Software in the " "Public Interest in the capacity of Vice President. After the resignation of " "the Treasurer (Tim Sailer), President (Bruce Perens), and Secretary (Ian " "Murdock), he became President of the Board and three new members were " "chosen: Martin Schulze (Vice President), Dale Scheetz (Secretary), and Nils " "Lohner (Treasurer)." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:607 msgid "" "Debian 2.0 (<em>Hamm</em>) was released July 1998 for the Intel i386 and " "Motorola 68000 series architectures. This release marked the move to a new " "version of the system C libraries (glibc2 or for historical reasons " "libc6). At the time of release, there were 1500+ packages maintained by more " "than 400 Debian developers." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:614 msgid "" "Wichert Akkerman succeeded Ian Jackson as Debian Project Leader in January " "of 1999. <url id=\"http://www.debian.org/releases/slink/\"; name=\"Debian " "2.1\"> was <url id=\"http://www.debian.org/News/1999/19990309\"; " "name=\"released\"> on 09 March, 1999, after being delayed by a week when a " "few last-minute issues arose." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:624 msgid "" "Debian 2.1 (<em>Slink</em>) featured official support for two new " "architectures: <url id=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/alpha/\"; " "name=\"Alpha\"> and <url id=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/sparc/\"; " "name=\"Sparc\">. The X-Windows packages included with Debian 2.1 were " "greatly reorganized from previous releases, and 2.1 included " "<prgn>apt</prgn>, the next-generation Debian package manager " "interface. Also, this release of Debian was the first to require 2 CD-ROMs " "for the \"Official Debian CD set\"; the distribution included about 2250 " "packages." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:638 msgid "" "On 21 April 1999, <url id=\"http://www.corel.com/\"; name=\"Corel " "Corporation\"> and the <url id=\"http://www.kde.org/\"; name=\"K Desktop " "Project\"> effectively formed an alliance with Debian when Corel announced " "its intentions to release a Linux distribution based on Debian and the " "desktop environment produced by the KDE group. During the following spring " "and summer months, another Debian-based distribution, Storm Linux, appeared, " "and the Debian Project chose a new <url id=\"http://www.debian.org/logos/\"; " "name=\"logo\">, featuring both an Official version for use on " "Debian-sanctioned materials such as CD-ROMs and official Project websites, " "and an Unofficial logo for use on material mentioning or derived from " "Debian." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:648 msgid "" "A new, unique, Debian port also began at this time, for the <url " "id=\"http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/\"; name=\"Hurd\"> port. This is the " "first port to use a non-Linux kernel, instead using the <url " "id=\"http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/hurd.html\"; name=\"GNU Hurd\">, a " "version of the GNU Mach microkernel." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:655 msgid "" "Debian 2.2 (<em>Potato</em>) was released August 15th, 2000 for the Intel " "i386, Motorola 68000 series, alpha, SUN Sparc, PowerPC and ARM " "architectures. This was the first release including PowerPC and ARM " "ports. At the time of release, there were 3900+ binary and 2600+ source " "packages maintained by more than 450 Debian developers." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:665 msgid "" "An interesting fact about Debian 2.2 is that it showed how an free software " "effort could lead to a modern operating system despite all the issues around " "it. This was studied<footnote><p>The <url " "id=\"http://libresoft.es/debian-counting/potato/index.php?menu=Statistics\"; " "name=\"raw statitics data\"> for Potato are also available at <url " "id=\"http://libresoft.es/debian-counting/\"; name=\"Debian counting site\">, " "as well as papers analysing later releases.</p></footnote> thoroughly by a " "group of interested people in an article called <url " "id=\"http://pascal.case.unibz.it/retrieve/3246/counting-potatoes.html\"; " "name=\"Counting potatoes\"> quoting from this article:" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:681 msgid "" "<em> \"[...] we use David A. Wheeler's sloccount system to determine the " "number of physical source lines of code (SLOC) of Debian 2.2 (aka " "potato). We show that Debian 2.2 includes more than 55,000,000 physical SLOC " "(almost twice than Red Hat 7.1, released about 8 months later), showing that " "the Debian development model (based on the work of a large group of " "voluntary developers spread around the world) is at least as capable as " "other development methods [...] It is also shown that if Debian had been " "developed using traditional proprietary methods, the COCOMO model estimates " "that its cost would be close to $1.9 billion USD to develop Debian 2.2. In " "addition, we offer both an analysis of the programming languages used in the " "distribution (C amounts for about 70%, C++ for about 10%, LISP and Shell are " "around 5%, with many others to follow), and the largest packages (Mozilla, " "the Linux kernel, PM3, XFree86, etc.)\"</em>" msgstr "" #. type: <heading></heading> #: project-history.sgml:684 msgid "The 3.x Releases" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:696 msgid "" "Before woody could even begin to be prepared for release, a change to the " "archive system on ftp-master had to be made. Package pools, which enabled " "special purpose distributions, such as the new \"Testing\" distribution used " "for the first time to get woody ready for release, were <url " "id=\"http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0012/msg00004.html\"; " "name=\"activated on ftp-master\"> in mid December 2000. A package pool is " "just a collection of different versions of a given package, from which " "multiple distributions (currently experimental, unstable, testing, and " "stable) can draw packages, which are then included in that distribution's " "Packages file." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:702 msgid "" "At the same time a new distribution <em>testing</em> was introduced. Mainly, " "packages from unstable that are said to be stable moved to testing (after a " "period of a few weeks). This was introduced in order to reduce freeze time " "and give the project the ability to prepare a new release at any time." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:709 msgid "" "In that period, some of the companies that were shipping modified versions " "of Debian closed down. Corel sold its Linux division in the first quarter of " "2001, Stormix declared bankruptcy on January 17th 2001, and Progeny ceased " "development of its distribution on October 1st, 2001." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:728 msgid "" "The freeze for the next release started on July 1st 2001. However, it took " "the project a little more than a year to get to the next release, due to " "<url id=\"http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0104/msg00004.html\"; " "name=\"problems in boot-floppies\">, because of the introduction of " "cryptographic software in the main archive and due to the changes in the " "underlying architecture (the incoming archive and the security " "architecture). In that time, however, the stable release (Debian 2.2) was " "revised up to seven times, and two Project Leaders were elected: Ben Collins " "(in 2001) and Bdale Garbee. Also, work in many areas of Debian besides " "packaging kept growing, including internationalization, Debian's web site " "(over a thousand webpages) was translated into over 20 different languages, " "and installation for the next release was ready in 23 languages. Two " "internal projects: Debian Junior (for children) and Debian Med (for medical " "practice and research) started during the woody release time frame providing " "the project with different focuses to make Debian suitable for those tasks." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:735 msgid "" "The work around Debian didn't stop the developers from organising an annual " "meeting called <url id=\"http://www.debconf.org\"; name=\"Debconf\">. The " "first meeting was held from the 2nd to the 5th of July together with the " "Libre Software Meeting (LSM) at Bordeaux (France) gathered around forty " "Debian developers. The second conference took place in Toronto (Canada) July " "5th 2002 with over eighty participants." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:751 msgid "" "Debian 3.0 (<em>woody</em>) was released July 19th, 2002 for the Intel i386, " "Motorola 68000 series, alpha, SUN Sparc, PowerPC, ARM, HP PA-RISC, IA-64, " "MIPS, MIPS (DEC) and IBM s/390 architectures. This is the first release " "including HP PA-RISC, IA-64, MIPS, MIPS (DEC) and IBM s/390 ports. At the " "time of release, there were around 8500 binary packages maintained by over " "nine hundred Debian developers, becoming the first release to be available " "on DVD media as well as CD-ROMs." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:759 msgid "" "Before the next release the <em>Debconf</em> annual meeting continued with " "the fourth conference taking place in Oslo from July 18th to July 20th 2003 " "with over one hundred and twenty participants, with a <em>Debcamp</em> " "preceding it, from July 12th to July 17th. The fifth conference took place " "from May 26th to June 2nd 2004 in Porto Alegre, Brazil with over one hundred " "and sixty participants from twenty six different countries." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:767 msgid "" "Debian 3.1 (<em>sarge</em>) was released June 6th, 2005 for the same " "architectures than <em>woody</em>, although an unofficial AMD64 port was " "released at the same time using the project hosting infrastructure provided " "for the distribution and available at <url " "id=\"http://alioth.debian.org\";>. There were around 15,000 binary packages " "maintained by more than one thousand and five hundred Debian developers." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:775 msgid "" "There were many major changes in the <em>sarge</em> release, mostly due to " "the large time it took to freeze and release the distribution. Not only did " "this release update over 73% of the software shipped in the previous " "version, but it also included much more software than previous releases " "almost doubling in size with 9,000 new packages including the OpenOffice " "suite, the Firefox web browser and the Thunderbird e-mail client." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:788 msgid "" "This release shipped with the 2.4 and 2.6 Linux kernel series, XFree86 4.3, " "GNOME 2.8 and KDE 3.3 and with a brand new installer. This new installer " "replaced the aging boot-floopies installer with a modular design with " "provided for more advanced installations (with RAID, XFS and LVM support) " "including hardware detections and making installations easier for novice " "users of all the architectures. It also switched to <prgn>aptitude</prgn> as " "the selected tool for package management. But the installation system also " "boasted full internationalization support as the software was translated " "into almost forty languages. The supporting documentation: installation " "manual and release notes, were made available with the release in ten and " "fifteen different languages respectively." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:799 msgid "" "This release included the efforts of the Debian-Edu/Skolelinux, Debian-Med " "and Debian-Accessibility sub-projects which boosted the number of " "educational packages and those with a medical affiliation as well as " "packages designed especially for people with disabilities." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:804 msgid "" "The sixth <em>Debconf</em> was held in Espoo, Finland, from July 10th to " "July 17th, 2005 with over three hundred participants. <url " "id=\"http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2005/debconf5/\"; " "name=\"Videos\"> from this conference are available online." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:817 msgid "" "The seventh <em>Debconf</em> was held in Oaxtepec, Mexico, from May 14th to " "May 22nd, 2006 with around <url " "id=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/aigars/dc6_group_photo_big\"; name=\"two " "hundred\"> participants. <url " "id=\"http://meetings-archive.debian.net/pub/debian-meetings/2006/debconf6/\"; " "name=\"Videos\"> and <url id=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/debconf6\"; " "name=\"pictures\"> from this conference are available online." msgstr "" #. type: <heading></heading> #: project-history.sgml:823 msgid "The 4.x Releases" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:832 msgid "" "Debian 4.0 (<em>etch</em>) was <url " "id=\"http://www.debian.org/News/2007/20070408\"; name=\"released\"> April " "8th, 2007 for the same number of architectures as in <em>sarge</em>. This " "included the AMD64 port but dropped support for m68k. The m68k port was, " "however, still available in the <em>unstable</em> distribution. There were " "around 18,200 binary packages maintained by more than one thousand and " "thirty Debian developers." msgstr "" #. type: <heading></heading> #: project-history.sgml:838 msgid "The 5.x Releases" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:861 msgid "" "Debian 5.0 (<em>lenny</em>) was <url " "id=\"http://www.debian.org/News/2009/20090214\"; name=\"released\"> February " "14th, 2009 for one more architecture than its predecessor, " "<em>etch</em>. This included the port for newer ARM processors. As with the " "previous release, support for the m68k architecture was still available in " "<em>unstable</em>. There were around 23,000 binary packages (built from over " "12,000 source packages) maintained by more than more than one thousand and " "ten Debian developers." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:872 msgid "" "The eighth <em>Debconf</em> was held in Edinburgh, Scotland, from June 17th " "to 23th, 2007 with over four hundred participants. <url " "id=\"http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2007/debconf7/\"; " "name=\"Videos\"> and <url id=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/debconf7\"; " "name=\"pictures\"> from this conference are available online." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:884 msgid "" "The ninth <em>Debconf</em> was held in Mar de Plata, Argentina, from August " "10th to 16th, 2008 with over <url " "id=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/v/debconf8/karora/OfficialPhoto.jpg.html\"; " "name=\"two hundred\"> participants. <url " "id=\"http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2008/debconf8/\"; " "name=\"Videos\"> and <url id=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/v/debconf8/\"; " "name=\"pictures\"> from this conference are available online." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:895 msgid "" "The tenth <em>Debconf</em> was held in Caceres, Spain, from July 23th to " "30th, 2009 with over <url " "id=\"http://wiki.debconf.org/wiki/DebConf9/Pictures/GroupPhoto\"; name=\"two " "hundred\"> participants. <url " "id=\"http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2009/debconf9/\"; " "name=\"Videos\"> and <url id=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/v/debconf9/\"; " "name=\"pictures\"> from this conference are available online." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:908 msgid "" "The eleventh <em>Debconf</em> was held in New York City, United States of " "America, from August 1st to 7th, 2010 with Debcamp preceeding it from July " "25th to 31st. Over <url " "id=\"http://wiki.debconf.org/wiki/DebConf10/GroupPhoto\"; name=\"200 " "people\"> including Debian developers, maintainers, users gathered at the " "Columbia Campus to participate in the conference. <url " "id=\"http://ftp.acc.umu.se/pub/debian-meetings/2010/debconf10/\"; " "name=\"Videos\"> and <url id=\"https://gallery.debconf.org/v/debconf10/\"; " "name=\"pictures\"> from this conference are available online." msgstr "" #. type: <heading></heading> #: project-history.sgml:909 msgid "The 6.x Releases" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:911 msgid "Debian 6.0 <em>squeeze</em>) was released February 6th, 2011." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:918 msgid "" "After the project decided, the 29th of July 2009, to <url " "id=\"http://www.debian.org/News/2009/20090729\"; name=\"adopt time-based " "releases\"> so that new releases would be published the first half of every " "even year. Squeeze was the a one-time exception to the two-year policy in " "order to get into the new time schedule." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:925 msgid "" "This policy was adopted in order to provide better predictability of " "releases for users of the Debian distribution, and also allow Debian " "developers to do better long-term planning. A two-year release cycle " "provided more time for disruptive changes, reducing inconveniences caused " "for users. Having predictable freezes was expected also to reduce overall " "freeze time." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:931 msgid "" "However, even though the freeze was expected in December 2009, the <url " "id=\"http://www.debian.org/News/2010/20100806\"; name=\"frozen " "announcement\"> came in August 2010, coinciding with the celebration of the " "10th annual Debconf meeting in New York." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:937 msgid "" "To accommodate the needs of larger organisations and other users with a long " "upgrade process, the Debian project commited to provide the possibility to " "skip the upcoming release and do a skip-upgrade straight from Debian " "GNU/Linux 5.0 (\"Lenny\") to Debian GNU/Linux 7.0 (Wheezy)." msgstr "" #. type: <p><list> #: project-history.sgml:940 msgid "New features include:" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:943 msgid "" "Linux Kernel 2.6.32, now completely free and without problematic firmware " "files." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:944 msgid "libc: eglibc 2.11" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:945 msgid "Gnome 2.30.0 with some pieces of 2.32" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:946 msgid "KDE 4.4.5" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:947 msgid "X.org 7.5" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:948 msgid "Xfce 4.6" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:949 msgid "OpenOffice.org 3.2.1" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:950 msgid "Apache 2.2.16" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:951 msgid "PHP 5.3.3" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:952 msgid "MySQL 5.1.49" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:953 msgid "PostgreSQL 8.4.6" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:954 msgid "Samba 3.5.6" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:955 msgid "GCC 4.4" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:956 msgid "Perl 5.10" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:957 msgid "Python 2.6 and 3.1" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:959 msgid "" "10000 new packages, for more than 29000 binary packages built from nearly " "15000 source packages." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:961 msgid "" "DKMS, a framework to generate Linux kernel modules whose sources do not " "reside in the Linux kernel source tree." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:963 msgid "" "Dependency-based ordering of init scripts using insserv, allowing parallel " "execution to shorten the time needed to boot the system." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:964 msgid "Two new ports, kfreebsd-i386 and kfreebsd-amd64." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:992 msgid "" "Many packages started using a new source package format based on quilt. This " "<url id=\"http://wiki.debian.org/Projects/DebSrc3.0\"; name=\"new format\">, " "called \"3.0 (quilt)\" for non-native packages, separates Debian patches " "from the distributed source code. A new format, \"3.0 (native)\", was also " "introduced for native packages. New features in these formats include " "support for multiple upstream tarballs, support for bzip2 and lzma " "compressed tarballs and the inclusion of binary files." msgstr "" #. type: <heading></heading> #: project-history.sgml:994 msgid "Important Events" msgstr "" #. type: <heading></heading> #: project-history.sgml:996 msgid "July 2000: Joel Klecker died" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:1006 msgid "" "On July 11th, 2000, Joel Klecker, who was also known as Espy, passed away at " "21 years of age. No one who saw 'Espy' in #mklinux, the Debian lists or " "channels knew that behind this nickname was a young man suffering from a " "form of <url id=\"http://mdausa.org/disease/dmd.html\"; name=\"Duchenne " "muscular dystrophy\">. Most people only knew him as 'the Debian glibc and " "powerpc guy' and had no idea of the hardships Joel fought. Though physically " "impaired, he shared his great mind with others." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:1008 msgid "Joel Klecker (also known as Espy) will be missed." msgstr "" #. type: <heading></heading> #: project-history.sgml:1012 msgid "October 2000: Implementation of Package Pools" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:1024 msgid "" "James Troup <url " "id=\"http://lists.debian.org/debian-devel-announce-0010/msg00007.html\"; " "name=\"reported\"> that he has been working on re-implementing the archive " "maintenance tools and switching to package pools. From this date, files are " "stored in a directory named after the corresponding source package inside of " "the <file>pools</file> directory. The distribution directories will only " "contain Packages files that contain references to the pool. This simplifies " "overlapping distributions such as testing and unstable. The archive is also " "database-driven using PostgreSQL which also speeds up lookups." msgstr "" #. type: <heading></heading> #: project-history.sgml:1028 msgid "March 2001: Christopher Rutter died" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:1034 msgid "" "On March 1st, 2001, Christopher Matthew Rutter (also known as cmr) was " "killed after he was struck by a car at the age of 19. Christopher was a " "young and well known member of the Debian project helping the ARM port. The " "buildd.debian.org site is dedicated to his memory." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:1037 msgid "Chris Rutter will be missed." msgstr "" #. type: <heading></heading> #: project-history.sgml:1041 msgid "March 2001: Fabrizio Polacco died" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:1048 msgid "" "On March 28th, 2001, Fabrizio Polacco passed away after a long illness. The " "Debian Project honors his good work and strong dedication to Debian and Free " "Software. The contributions of Fabrizio will not be forgotten, and other " "developers will step forward to continue his work." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:1051 msgid "Fabrizio Polacco will be missed." msgstr "" #. type: <heading></heading> #: project-history.sgml:1055 msgid "July 2002: Martin Butterweck died" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:1060 msgid "" "On July 21st, 2002, Martin Butterweck (also known as blendi) died after " "battling leukemia. Martin was a young member of the Debian project who " "recently joined the project." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:1063 msgid "Martin Butterweck will be missed." msgstr "" #. type: <heading></heading> #: project-history.sgml:1067 msgid "November 2002: Fire burnt Debian server" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:1077 msgid "" "Around 08:00 CET on November 20th, 2002, the University of Twente Network " "Operations Center (NOC) caught fire. The building burnt to the ground. The " "fire department gave up hope on protecting the server area. Among other " "things the NOC hosted satie.debian.org which contained both the security and " "non-US archive as well as the new-maintainer (nm) and quality assurance (qa) " "databases. Debian rebuilt these services on the host klecker, which was " "recently moved from the U.S.A. to the Netherlands." msgstr "" #. type: <heading></heading> #: project-history.sgml:1081 msgid "May 2004: Manuel Estrada Sainz and Andrés GarcÃa Solier died" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:1086 msgid "" "On May 9th Manuel Estrada Sainz (ranty) and Andrés GarcÃa Solier (ErConde) " "were killed in a tragic car accident while returning from the Free Software " "conference held at Valencia, Spain." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:1089 msgid "Manuel Estrada Sainz and Andrés GarcÃa Solier will be missed." msgstr "" #. type: <heading></heading> #: project-history.sgml:1093 msgid "July 2005: Jens Schmalzing died" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:1102 msgid "" "On July 30th Jens Schmalzing (jensen) died in a tragic accident at his " "workplace in Munich, Germany. He was involved in Debian as a maintainer of " "several packages, as supporter of the PowerPC port, as a member of the " "kernel team, and was instrumental in taking the PowerPC kernel package to " "version 2.6. He also maintained the Mac-on-Linux emulator and its kernel " "modules, helped with the installer and with local Munich activities." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:1105 msgid "Jens Schmalzing will be missed." msgstr "" #. type: <heading></heading> #: project-history.sgml:1109 msgid "December 2008: Thiemo Seufer died" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:1117 msgid "" "On December 26th Thiemo Seufer (ths) died in a car accident. He was the lead " "maintainer of the MIPS and MIPSEL port and he had also contributed at length " "in the debian-installer long before <url " "id=\"http://lists.debian.org/debian-newmaint/2004/06/msg00021.html\"; " "name=\"he became a Debian developer\"> in 2004. As a member of the QEMU team " "he wrote most of the MIPS emulation layer." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:1120 msgid "Thiemo Seufer will be missed." msgstr "" #. type: <heading></heading> #: project-history.sgml:1124 msgid "August 2010: Frans Pop died" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:1130 msgid "" "Frans Pop (fjp) died on August 20th. Frans was involved in Debian as a " "maintainer of several packages, a supporter of the S/390 port, and one of " "the most involved members of the Debian Installer team. He was a Debian " "listmaster, editor and release manager of the Installation Guide and the " "release notes, as well as a Dutch translator." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:1133 msgid "Frans Pop will be missed." msgstr "" #. type: <heading></heading> #: project-history.sgml:1137 msgid "What's Next?" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:1145 msgid "" "The Debian Project continues to work on the <em>unstable</em> distribution " "(codenamed <em>sid</em>, after the evil and \"unstable\" kid next door from " "the <em>Toy Story 1</em> who should never be let out into the world) Sid is " "the permanent name for the unstable distribution and is always 'Still In " "Development'. Most new or updated packages are uploaded into this " "distribution." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:1168 msgid "" "The <em>testing</em> release is intended to become the next stable release " "and is currently codenamed <em>wheezy</em>." msgstr "" #. type: <heading></heading> #: project-history.sgml:1173 msgid "The Debian Manifesto" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:1176 msgid "Written by Ian A. Murdock, Revised 01/06/94" msgstr "" #. type: <heading></heading> #: project-history.sgml:1178 msgid "What is Debian Linux?" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:1187 msgid "" "Debian Linux is a brand-new kind of Linux distribution. Rather than being " "developed by one isolated individual or group, as other distributions of " "Linux have been developed in the past, Debian is being developed openly in " "the spirit of Linux and GNU. The primary purpose of the Debian project is to " "finally create a distribution that lives up to the Linux name. Debian is " "being carefully and conscientiously put together and will be maintained and " "supported with similar care." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:1199 msgid "" "It is also an attempt to create a non-commercial distribution that will be " "able to effectively compete in the commercial market. It will eventually be " "distributed by The Free Software Foundation on CD-ROM, and The Debian Linux " "Association will offer the distribution on floppy disk and tape along with " "printed manuals, technical support and other end-user essentials. All of the " "above will be available at little more than cost, and the excess will be put " "toward further development of free software for all users. Such distribution " "is essential to the success of the Linux operating system in the commercial " "market, and it must be done by organizations in a position to successfully " "advance and advocate free software without the pressure of profits or " "returns." msgstr "" #. type: <heading></heading> #: project-history.sgml:1203 msgid "Why is Debian being constructed?" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:1215 msgid "" "Distributions are essential to the future of Linux. Essentially, they " "eliminate the need for the user to locate, download, compile, install and " "integrate a fairly large number of essential tools to assemble a working " "Linux system. Instead, the burden of system construction is placed on the " "distribution creator, whose work can be shared with thousands of other " "users. Almost all users of Linux will get their first taste of it through a " "distribution, and most users will continue to use a distribution for the " "sake of convenience even after they are familiar with the operating " "system. Thus, distributions play a very important role indeed." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:1226 msgid "" "Despite their obvious importance, distributions have attracted little " "attention from developers. There is a simple reason for this: they are " "neither easy nor glamorous to construct and require a great deal of ongoing " "effort from the creator to keep the distribution bug-free and up-to-date. It " "is one thing to put together a system from scratch; it is quite another to " "ensure that the system is easy for others to install, is installable and " "usable under a wide variety of hardware configurations, contains software " "that others will find useful, and is updated when the components themselves " "are improved." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:1237 msgid "" "Many distributions have started out as fairly good systems, but as time " "passes attention to maintaining the distribution becomes a secondary " "concern. A case-in-point is the Softlanding Linux System (better known as " "SLS). It is quite possibly the most bug-ridden and badly maintained Linux " "distribution available; unfortunately, it is also quite possibly the most " "popular. It is, without question, the distribution that attracts the most " "attention from the many commercial \"distributors\" of Linux that have " "surfaced to capitalize on the growing popularity of the operating system." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:1253 msgid "" "This is a bad combination indeed, as most people who obtain Linux from these " "\"distributors\" receive a bug-ridden and badly maintained Linux " "distribution. As if this wasn't bad enough, these \"distributors\" have a " "disturbing tendency to misleadingly advertise non-functional or extremely " "unstable \"features\" of their product. Combine this with the fact that the " "buyers will, of course, expect the product to live up to its advertisement " "and the fact that many may believe it to be a commercial operating system " "(there is also a tendency not to mention that Linux is free nor that it is " "distributed under the GNU General Public License). To top it all off, these " "\"distributors\" are actually making enough money from their effort to " "justify buying larger advertisements in more magazines; it is the classic " "example of unacceptable behavior being rewarded by those who simply do not " "know any better. Clearly something needs to be done to remedy the situation." msgstr "" #. type: <heading></heading> #: project-history.sgml:1257 msgid "How will Debian attempt to put an end to these problems?" msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:1272 msgid "" "The Debian design process is open to ensure that the system is of the " "highest quality and that it reflects the needs of the user community. By " "involving others with a wide range of abilities and backgrounds, Debian is " "able to be developed in a modular fashion. Its components are of high " "quality because those with expertise in a certain area are given the " "opportunity to construct or maintain the individual components of Debian " "involving that area. Involving others also ensures that valuable suggestions " "for improvement can be incorporated into the distribution during its " "development; thus, a distribution is created based on the needs and wants of " "the users rather than the needs and wants of the constructor. It is very " "difficult for one individual or small group to anticipate these needs and " "wants in advance without direct input from others." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:1284 msgid "" "Debian Linux will also be distributed on physical media by the Free Software " "Foundation and the Debian Linux Association. This provides Debian to users " "without access to the Internet or FTP and additionally makes products and " "services such as printed manuals and technical support available to all " "users of the system. In this way, Debian may be used by many more " "individuals and organizations than is otherwise possible, the focus will be " "on providing a first-class product and not on profits or returns, and the " "margin from the products and services provided may be used to improve the " "software itself for all users whether they paid to obtain it or not." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:1294 msgid "" "The Free Software Foundation plays an extremely important role in the future " "of Debian. By the simple fact that they will be distributing it, a message " "is sent to the world that Linux is not a commercial product and that it " "never should be, but that this does not mean that Linux will never be able " "to compete commercially. For those of you who disagree, I challenge you to " "rationalize the success of GNU Emacs and GCC, which are not commercial " "software but which have had quite an impact on the commercial market " "regardless of that fact." msgstr "" #. type: <p></p> #: project-history.sgml:1301 msgid "" "The time has come to concentrate on the future of Linux rather than on the " "destructive goal of enriching oneself at the expense of the entire Linux " "community and its future. The development and distribution of Debian may not " "be the answer to the problems that I have outlined in the Manifesto, but I " "hope that it will at least attract enough attention to these problems to " "allow them to be solved." msgstr ""
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