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Request for help - Debian UEFI not possible after starting windows



Good evening,
I couldn't find better place to ask, but apologize if that's not proper forum.
I appreciate all the work Debian maintainers put in maintaining whole
(U)EFI thing. I am not familiar with its concepts, so please bear with
me.
I have employer owned laptop (Dell 3541). I'd like to use it, but in
order to not abuse anything on their disks, I have installed Debian on
external SSD (pendrive). I have done it year ago on different laptop
without UEFI, so I had to convert it to UEFI when new computer had
UEFI in place. I've thought I did it correctly (re-partitioning,
installing grub efi, ...)
The problem is - after booting windows Debian is not visible any more
and can't be started.
The operations I perform are:
1. Start and use windows without Debian pendrive inserted.
2. Reboot system from Debian Live (another USB stick)
2a. I press F12 in bios to select boot from Debian Live
2b. My ordinary "debian" entry in bios boot up is not available (not visible)
3. Debian Live is started
4. I insert my Debian pendrive
5. I "rescue" it by mounting its filesystem following instructions
from here: http://emmanuel-galindo.github.io/en/2017/04/05/fixing-debian-boot-uefi-grub/
(just a subset - mount, chroot, grub-install, update-grub)
6. I restart system
7. I am able to select "debian" in boot up bios menu
8. I can boot up Debian successfully
9. Unless I boot up windows (without my Debian pendrive inserted),
which leaves me at 2

Do you have any idea of how to debug/fix it? Even if Windows somehow
messes my bios settings, I still can boot from Debian Live in UEFI
mode. But can't do the same for my Debian pendrive. Is there something
I can do to make my pendrive appear the same way as Debian Live?
Fixing it each time is inconvenient...

A friend of mine uses very similar setup, but with Ubuntu - in his
case menu entry doesn't disappear after booting to Windows.

I don't remember Debian version currently, probably current stable. If
it matters, I can provide it (along with other information).

Regards,
Robert


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