2.6.12 kernel lsmod permanent 一问？
我最近安装了 unstable 最新的内核：
linux-image-2.6.12-1-686
用新内核启动后，lsmod 命令输出里面有非常多的模块显示为：permanent
请问这是什么类型的模块？这种现象正常吗？
我的lsmod输出如下：
root@R50e:~# lsmod
Module Size Used by
i830 28864 1
drm 67732 2 i830
thermal 13224 0
button 6416 0
processor 21876 1 thermal
ac 4612 0
battery 9348 0
ipv6 261984 6
af_packet 22216 2
ppp_generic 29620 0
slhc 7168 1 ppp_generic
tsdev 7808 0
mousedev 11776 1
evdev 9728 0
parport_pc 36708 0
parport 36936 1 parport_pc
rtc 12376 0
pcspkr 3332 0
snd_intel8x0 34016 0
snd_ac97_codec 83960 1 snd_intel8x0
snd_pcm 93416 2 snd_intel8x0,snd_ac97_codec
snd_timer 24644 1 snd_pcm
snd 56260 4 snd_intel8x0,snd_ac97_codec,snd_pcm,snd_timer
snd_page_alloc 9860 2 snd_intel8x0,snd_pcm
i2c_i801 8716 0
i2c_core 21776 1 i2c_i801
tpm_nsc 6592 0
tpm_atmel 4800 0
tpm 10432 2 tpm_nsc,tpm_atmel
shpchp 99428 0
pci_hotplug 28468 1 shpchp
hw_random 5204 0
intel_agp 24092 1
agpgart 35560 3 drm,intel_agp
usbnet 35304 0
usbhid 36480 0
ehci_hcd 35336 0
uhci_hcd 32176 0
usbcore 122300 5 usbnet,usbhid,ehci_hcd,uhci_hcd
i810_audio 37012 1
ac97_codec 20108 1 i810_audio
soundcore 9696 3 snd,i810_audio
e100 35968 0
mii 5696 2 usbnet,e100
yenta_socket 23528 0
rsrc_nonstatic 13728 1 yenta_socket
pcmcia_core 51924 2 yenta_socket,rsrc_nonstatic
cpufreq_conservative 7044 1
p4_clockmod 4808 0
speedstep_lib 4228 1 p4_clockmod
freq_table 4452 1 p4_clockmod
psmouse 31236 0
ide_cd 43140 0
cdrom 40640 1 ide_cd
ext3 141736 2
jbd 56760 1 ext3
mbcache 9252 1 ext3
ide_disk 18688 4
ide_generic 1152 0 [permanent]
via82cxxx 13820 0 [permanent]
trm290 4196 0 [permanent]
triflex 3680 0 [permanent]
slc90e66 5664 0 [permanent]
sis5513 16488 0 [permanent]
siimage 12448 0 [permanent]
serverworks 9032 0 [permanent]
sc1200 7296 0 [permanent]
rz1000 2400 0 [permanent]
piix 10340 0 [permanent]
pdc202xx_old 11168 0 [permanent]
opti621 4324 0 [permanent]
ns87415 4264 0 [permanent]
hpt366 20384 0 [permanent]
hpt34x 5152 0 [permanent]
generic 3808 0 [permanent]
cy82c693 4676 0 [permanent]
cs5530 5312 0 [permanent]
cs5520 4544 0 [permanent]
cmd64x 12028 0 [permanent]
atiixp 5904 0 [permanent]
amd74xx 14396 0 [permanent]
alim15x3 12268 0 [permanent]
ide_core 130388 26 ide_cd,ide_disk,ide_generic,via82cxxx,trm290,triflex,slc90e66,sis5513,siimage,serverworks,sc1200,rz1000,piix,pdc202xx_old,opti621,ns87415,hpt366,hpt34x,generic,cy82c693,cs5530,cs5520,cmd64x,atiixp,amd74xx,alim15x3unix 27888 376
fbcon 39936 0
tileblit 2240 1 fbcon
font 8096 1 fbcon
bitblit 5920 1 fbcon
vesafb 7992 0
cfbcopyarea 3872 1 vesafb
cfbimgblt 2816 1 vesafb
cfbfillrect 4128 1 vesafb
softcursor 2176 1 vesafb
capability 4584 0
commoncap 6912 1 capability
--
肖盛文(Faris Xiao)
Email:atzlinux@163.com
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