Re: Debian 参考手册翻译更新进展报告
认领 preface.sgml.
目前翻译滞后以及认领情况如下：
Translation delay for zh-cn
append : 1.47 -> 1.67
gateway : 1.30 -> 1.244 optical.dlz 认领，正在翻译.....
install : 1.65 -> 1.94 optical.dlz 认领，正在翻译.....
kernel : 1.51 -> 1.68 optical.dlz 认领，正在翻译.....
preface : 1.22 -> 1.41 肖盛文认领，正在翻译。。。
program : 1.43 -> 1.73
support : 1.12 -> 1.27 easthero 认领，正在翻译.....
system : 1.47 -> 1.87
tips : 1.63 -> 1.113
tune : 1.113 -> 1.176
tutorial : 1.33 -> 1.93
--
肖盛文(Faris Xiao)
Email:atzlinux@163.com
Index: en/preface.sgml
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvsroot/qref/qref/en/preface.sgml,v
retrieving revision 1.22
retrieving revision 1.41
diff -u -r1.22 -r1.41
--- en/preface.sgml 16 Apr 2003 16:04:03 -0000 1.22
+++ en/preface.sgml 15 Aug 2004 21:29:56 -0000 1.41
@@ -1,32 +1,35 @@
-<!-- CVS revision of this document "$Revision: 1.22 $" -->
+<!-- CVS revision of this document "$Revision: 1.41 $" -->
<chapt id="preface">Preface
<p>
<![%f-ref;[
This <url id="&debian-reference-project;" name="&full-title;">
is intended to provide a broad overview of the &debian; system as a
-<strong>post-installation user's guide</strong>. Its target reader is
+post-installation user's guide. Its target reader is
someone who is willing to read shell scripts. I expect the reader to
have gained basic skills in Unix-like systems prior to reading this
document.
<p>
I made a conscious decision <strong>not</strong> to explain everything
-in detail if it can be found in a <strong>manual page</strong>, an
-<strong>info page</strong>, or a <strong>HOWTO document</strong>.
+in detail if it can be found on a manual page, an
+info page, or in a HOWTO document.
Instead of full explanations, I have tried to give more directly practical
-information by providing <strong>exact command sequences</strong>
-in the main text or <strong>example scripts</strong> under
-<url id="&examples;"> as a reference. You must understand the content
+information by providing exact command sequences
+in the main text or example scripts under <url id="&examples;">.
+You must understand the content
of examples before issuing commands. Your system may require slightly
different command sequences.
<p>
Much of the information included consists of reminders or
-pointers to the authoritative references listed in <ref
-id="references">. This is partly because this document originated as a
-"<strong>quick reference</strong>".
+pointers to the authoritative references listed in
+<ref id="references">.
<p>
]]>
-<strong>Keep it short and simple</strong> (KISS) is my guiding principle.
+This document originated as a "quick reference" but it grew.
+Nevertheless,
+<strong>Keep It Short and Simple</strong>
+(KISS)
+is my guiding principle.
<![%f-ref;[
<p>
For help with emergency system maintenance, proceed
@@ -34,20 +37,20 @@
<sect id="officialdoc">Official document
<p>
-The latest official document is in &debian; archives with the package
+The latest official document is in the &debian; archives with the package
name <package>&p-debian-reference;</package> and is also available from
<url id="&debian-reference;">.
<p>
The latest development version is <url id="&debian-reference-dev;">.
The project is hosted at <url id="&debian-reference-project;">, where
this document is available for download in plain text, HTML, PDF,
-SGML and PostScript formats.
+SGML, and PostScript formats.
]]>
<sect id="convention">Document conventions
<p>
-This "&book-title;" document provides information through short Bash shell
-commands.
+This &book-title; provides information through short
+<prgn>bash</prgn> shell commands.
<![%f-ref;[
Here are the conventions used:
<example>
@@ -55,22 +58,23 @@
$ command in user account
... description of action
</example>
-See <ref id="bash"> for more information on Bash.
+These shell command examples use <tt>PS2=" "</tt>.
+See <ref id="bash"> for more information on <prgn>bash</prgn>.
]]>
<p>
Reference to:
<list compact>
-<item>a <strong>Unix manual</strong> page is given in the form <manref
- name="bash" section="1">.
-<item>a <strong>GNU TEXINFO</strong> page is given in the form <tt>info
- libc</tt>.
-<![%f-ref;[
-<item>a <strong>book</strong> is given in the form <em>The C Programming
- Language</em>.
-<item>a <strong>URL</strong> is given in the form
- <url id="&debian-reference;">.
-<item>a <strong>file</strong> on the system is given in the form
- <file>&f-debian-reference;</file>.
+<item>a UNIX-style <strong>manual page</strong> is given in the form:
+<manref name="bash" section="1">.
+<item>a GNU <strong>TEXINFO page</strong> is given in the form:
+<tt>info libc</tt>.
+<![%f-ref;[
+<item>a <strong>book</strong> is given in the form:
+<em>The C Programming Language</em>.
+<item>a <strong>URL</strong> is given in the form:
+<url id="&debian-reference;">.
+<item>a <strong>file</strong> on the system is given in the form:
+<file>&f-debian-reference;</file>.
]]>
</list>
<![%f-ref;[
@@ -83,26 +87,35 @@
<item><strong>DDP</strong>: Debian Documentation Project (<url
id="&debiandoc;">)
</list>
+Other abbreviations are defined in the text before they are used.
<p>
-In this document only URLs are shown for LDP documents, but they can
-also be obtained as a package and installed into
+In this document only URL references are given for LDP documents.
+However, LDP documents have been packaged for &debian;;
+when the packages are installed the documents are available in
<file>&dochome;HOWTO/</file>.
+<p>
See <ref id="references">.
<sect id="examples">Example scripts
<p>
-Sample scripts are available in the <url id="&examples;" name="examples
-subdirectory">; for hidden files, the preceding "." in the
-filename is converted to underscore "_". Extra-extension was given
-when there are few alternative example scripts.
+<url id="&examples;" name="Example scripts">
+which accompany this document in the
+<package>&p-debian-reference;</package>
+package are available in
+<file>&f-debian-reference-examples;</file>.
+The initial "." in the filenames of hidden files
+is converted to underscore "_".
+An additional extension has been added to filenames
+when several alternatives are provided.
</sect>
<sect id="basic">Basic setup
<p>
-If the system is installed with the bare minimum of packages, make sure
-to execute the following commands to install some essential packages
-and a few key documents:
+If the system is installed with the bare minimum of packages
+and you want to make the best use of this document
+then it is advisable to execute the following commands
+in order to install other packages containing useful documents:
<example>
# apt-get install info man-db doc-base dhelp apt apt-utils auto-apt \
dpkg less mc ssh nano-tiny elvis-tiny vim sash \
@@ -114,63 +127,92 @@
gnupg-doc
# apt-get install debian-reference # for Sarge, do this too :)
</example>
+For Woody, add <package>exim-doc-html</package> to the above list.
+For Sarge, replace <package>exim-doc</package> with
+<package>exim4-doc-html</package> and <package>exim4-doc-info</package>.
</sect>
]]>
<sect>Basics of the Debian distributions
<p>
-Debian comes in 3 release "flavors":
+Debian maintains three different distributions simultaneously.
+These are:
<list>
-<item>stable: Good to track on a production server. Boring for the
- workstation (WS).
- <![%f-ref;[See <ref id="stable">.]]>
-<item>testing: Good to track on the WS. <![%f-ref;[See <ref id="testing">.]]>
-<item>unstable: Never track this blindly. <![%f-ref;[See <ref id="unstable">.]]>
+<item><tt>stable</tt> — Most useful for a production server since it is only updated with security fixes.
+<![%f-ref;[See <ref id="stable">.]]>
+<item><tt>testing</tt> — The preferred distribution for a workstation since it contains recent releases of desktop software which have received a bit of testing.
+<![%f-ref;[See <ref id="testing">.]]>
+<item><tt>unstable</tt> — Cutting edge. The choice of &debian; developers.
+<![%f-ref;[See <ref id="unstable">.]]>
</list>
-Read at least the key mailing list
-<tt>debian-devel-announce@lists.debian.org</tt> for updates on the
-status of Debian.
-<p>
-In March 2002, these three release versions corresponded to <tt>potato</tt>
-(production quality), <tt>woody</tt> (beta-test, very stable then since
-release was imminent), and <tt>sid</tt> (alpha-test). In August 2002, right
-after the <tt>woody</tt> release, these corresponded to <tt>woody</tt>
-(production quality), <tt>sarge</tt> (beta-test, it will be a somewhat rough
-ride for some time), and <tt>sid</tt> (always alpha-test). When packages in
-<tt>unstable</tt> have no Release Critical (RC) bugs filed against them after
-the first week or so, they are automatically promoted to <tt>testing</tt>.
+When packages in <tt>unstable</tt> have no release-critical (RC) bugs filed against them after the first week or so, they are automatically promoted to <tt>testing</tt>.
+<p>
<![%f-ref;[
-See <ref id="ftparchives">.
+&debian; distributions also have code names as described in
+<ref id="codenames">.
]]>
-<p>
-There are two approaches which enables you to run the latest versions of
-software on a system.
-<list compact>
-<item><ref id="woody"> (mainly for WS purposes)
-<item><ref id="port"> (mainly for server purposes)
-</list>
+<![%q-ref;[
+&debian; distributions also have code names.
+]]>
+Before Woody was released in August 2002,
+the three distributions were, respectively,
+Potato, Woody, and Sid.
+After Woody was released the three distributions were, respectively,
+Woody, Sarge, and Sid.
+When Sarge is released, the
+<tt>stable</tt> and <tt>unstable</tt>
+distributions will be
+Sarge and Sid;
+a new <tt>testing</tt> distribution will then be created
+(initially as a copy of <tt>stable</tt>)
+and given a new code name.
+<p>
+Subscribe to the low-volume mailing list
+<tt>debian-devel-announce@lists.debian.org</tt> for
+important announcements about &debian;.
<![%f-ref;[
+See <ref id="ftparchives">.
+]]>
<p>
-Tracking <tt>testing</tt> flavor of &debian; has a side effect of
-getting very slow security fixes. So be warned.
-<p>
-If you mix flavors of &debian;, <tt>testing</tt> into <tt>stable</tt> or
-<tt>unstable</tt> into <tt>stable</tt>, you will likely to pull in many
-key packages unintentionally from <tt>testing</tt> or <tt>unstable</tt>
-which may be buggy. So be warned.
-<p>
-Running <tt>testing</tt> or <tt>unstable</tt> flavor of &debian;
-involves increased risk to hit serious bugs. This risk can be managed
-by deploying multi-booting scheme with a more stable flavor of &debian;,
-or by deploying the nice trick of <prgn>chroot</prgn> with the more
-stable one as described in <ref id="chroot">. The latter will enable
-running different flavors of &debian; simultaneously on different
+If you want to use versions of packages
+that are more current than the versions
+that were released with the distribution you are using,
+then you can either upgrade to a later distribution
+as described in <ref id="woody">,
+or you can upgrade only selected packages.
+If the package can't be upgraded easily then you may
+want to backport it as described in
+<ref id="port">.
+<![%f-ref;[
+<p>
+Tracking the <tt>testing</tt> distribution
+can have the side effect of delaying the installation
+of packages containing security fixes.
+Such packages are uploaded to <tt>unstable</tt> and
+migrate to <tt>testing</tt> only after a delay.
+<p>
+If you mix distributions, e.g.,
+<tt>testing</tt> with <tt>stable</tt> or
+<tt>unstable</tt> with <tt>stable</tt>,
+you will eventually pull in core packages
+such as <package>libc6</package> from
+<tt>testing</tt> or <tt>unstable</tt> and there
+is no guarantee that these will not contain bugs.
+You have been warned.
+<p>
+Running the <tt>testing</tt> or <tt>unstable</tt> distribution
+increases your risk of hitting serious bugs. This risk can be managed
+by deploying a multibooting scheme with a more stable &debian; distribution
+or by deploying the nice trick of using <prgn>chroot</prgn>
+as described in <ref id="chroot">. The latter will enable
+running different &debian; distributions simultaneously on different
consoles.
<p>
-After explaining some fundamentals of the Debian distribution in <ref
-id="system">, I will present some basic information to help you live happily
+After an explanation of the fundamentals of the Debian distribution in
+<ref id="system">,
+you will be given some basic information to help you live happily
with the latest software, taking advantage of the <tt>testing</tt> and
-<tt>unstable</tt> distributions of Debian. The impatient should proceed to
-<ref id="survival"> immediately. Happy upgrading!
+<tt>unstable</tt> distributions of Debian. The impatient should proceed
+immediately to <ref id="survival">. Happy upgrading!
]]>
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