Do you have beignet(-opencl-icd) installed?Yes
Do the problems go away if you uninstall it?What graphics hardware are you using? ( xrandr --listproviders; lspci -nn | grep -e "\[03..\]:" )
Calc's "use OpenCL" option (Tools > Options > LibreOffice Calc > Formula > Detailed calculation settings > Details...) appears to be default-off in 4.3 and default-on in 5.1, so it makes sense that updating libreoffice would expose these bugs.
They're in the first two "comments". (Ubuntu bugs don't allow attachments in the initial description.)Do your graphics issues look like https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/beignet/+bug/1559605 ?I can't confirm the "look like" since I fail to see any screenshots on this report but it sounds similar.
Ubuntu had 1.1.1-2 both when that bug was opened and when it was reported fixed, so it is a separate bug from the error message (then already fixed) and whatever fixed it wasn't a beignet change.
Unfortunately, I can't reproduce the graphical corruption, which suggests it's hardware dependent.