Hi Nobert, my email last week was incorrect. > luahbtex should behave better, right, if the font is loaded with the > harf renderer selected? Actually, mode=harf with luaotfload 3.12 uses only 0.3 GB, but \setmainfont in fontspec.sty somehow uses 2 GB... It was reported at https://github.com/wspr/fontspec/issues/414 and https://ja.osdn.net/projects/luatex-ja/ticket/40052 Ryutaroh