/usr/share/doc/texlive-fonts-extra/latex/cmastro/cmastro10.300pk
They are gone.
$ mktexpk cmastro10.300pk
mktexpk: don't know how to create bitmap font for cmastro10.300pk.
mktexpk isn't that smart. You have to say
mktexpk cmastro10
and ask for the resolution with cmdline options.
Thanks,
k