Hello, On Sun, Sep 04, 2022 at 01:54:16PM +0100, Tim Woodall wrote: > and remove pvshim=1 I think this was your issue. pvshim is PV-inside-PVH. So the hypervisor that starts your guest kernel is in PV mode, which as mentioned is not supported for 32-bit in newer Linux kernels. Modern Linux kernels should either be run in PVH or HVM mode under Xen. pvshim is strictly for older guests. Cheers, Andy -- https://bitfolk.com/ -- No-nonsense VPS hosting